TY  - JOUR
T1  - SOCIAL GENDER PERCEPTION IN THE CHOICE OF NURSING PROFESSION: THE CASE OF TÜRKİYE
TT  - Hemşirelik Mesleği Seçiminde Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı: Türkiye Örneği
AU  - Özcanarslan, Neslihan
AU  - Özer, Demet
PY  - 2025
DA  - December
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.17753/sosekev.1674647
JF  - EKEV Akademi Dergisi
PB  - Erzurum Kültür Eğitim Vakfı
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1301-6229
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
IS  - 105
LA  - en
AB  - In nursing, which has traditionally been coded as a female profession, it is observed that the number of male professionals is gradually increasing. Although the nursing profession has historically been identified with women in terms of gender representation, recent data indicate that the proportion of men in the profession has steadily increased. This study examines the changing relationship between gender perceptions and nursing career choices in Turkiye, where the profession has historically been female-dominated. Using a descriptive, cross-sectional design (STROBE-compatible), we surveyed 314 nurses and nursing students with a sample size determined by power analysis. Participants completed an electronic survey consisting of the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Nursing Profession Choice Scale, and the Social Gender Perception Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 (IBM Corp.). The results showed a significant positive relationship between practical considerations (vital reasons such as job guarantee and income) and choosing nursing as a career (p < 0.05). Despite initial expectations, the analysis did not reveal any statistically significant association between occupational suitability scores and either vital reasons or gender perception scores.In particular, the fact that nursing career choice did not significantly affect gender perception suggests that traditional gender stereotypes are potentially distinct from career decisions in this context. From a policy perspective, these results suggest that recruitment strategies should emphasize the professional qualities of nursing rather than combating gender stereotypes.
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Nursing profession
KW  - Social gender perception
N2  - Geleneksel olarak kadın mesleği olarak kodlanan hemşirelikte, erkek profesyonellerin sayısının giderek arttığı görülmektedir. Hemşirelik mesleği, cinsiyet temsiliyeti açısından tarihsel olarak kadınlarla özdeşleştirilmiş olsa da son veriler meslekteki erkek oranının giderek arttığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, mesleğin tarihsel olarak kadın egemen olduğu Turkiye'de cinsiyet algıları ile hemşirelik kariyer seçimleri arasındaki değişen ilişki incelenmiştir. Betimsel, kesitsel bir tasarım (STROBE uyumlu) kullanılarak, güç analizi ile belirlenen bir örneklem büyüklüğü ile 314 hemşire ve hemşirelik öğrencisine anket uygulandı. Katılımcılara Tanımlayıcı Özellikler Formu, Hemşirelik Meslek Seçimi Ölçeği ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği'nden oluşan elektronik anket uygulandı. Veriler SPSS 25 (IBM Corp.) kullanılarak analiz edildi. Sonuçlar pratik hususlar (iş garantisi ve gelir gibi hayati nedenler) ile hemşireliği bir kariyer olarak seçme arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu gösterdi (p < 0,05). İlk beklentilerin aksine, analiz mesleki uygunluk puanları ile hayati nedenler veya cinsiyet algısı puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki ortaya koymamıştır.Özellikle, hemşirelik kariyer seçiminin cinsiyet algısını önemli ölçüde etkilememesi, geleneksel cinsiyet stereotiplerinin bu bağlamda kariyer kararlarından potansiyel olarak farklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bir politika perspektifinden, bu sonuçlar işe alım stratejilerinin cinsiyet stereotipleriyle mücadele etmekten ziyade hemşireliğin profesyonel niteliklerine vurgu yapılması önerilmektedir.
CR  - Aktürk, Z., & Acemoğlu, H. (2011). Research and practical statistics for health workers. http://www.aile.net/img/dosya/akturkzsaglikcalisanlariicinpratikistatistik.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 08.11.2022].
CR  - Alay, H. K., & Ensari, M. Ş. (2017). Investigation of the relationship of factors affecting the choice of profession with demographic variables: An application in Istanbul province. Humanitas-International Journal of Social Sciences, 5(10), 409-422.
CR  - Arreciado Marañón, A., Rodríguez‐Martín, D., & Galbany‐Estragués, P. (2019). Male nurses' views of gender in the nurse–family relationship in paediatric care. International Nursing Review, 66(4), 563-570.  https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12541
CR  - Başkale, H., & Serçekuş, P. (2015). Nursing as career choice: perceptions of Turkish nursing students. Contemporary nurse, 51(1), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2015.1025469
CR  - Bölükbaş, N. (2018). Occupational selection of nursing students and the effecting factors. ORDU Unıversıty Journal of Nursing Studies, 1, 10-17. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/issue-full-file/41738
CR  - Chen, J. P., Dai, Y. M., Qin, Y., Liang, S. P., Cheng, G., Liu, Y., Yang, C. Z., He, H. G., & Shen, Q. (2024). Factors influencing turnover intention among male nurses in China: a large‐scale descriptive correlational study. International Nursing Review, 71(1), 13-19.  https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12827
CR  - Cho, S., Kwon, S. H., & Jang, S. J. (2022). Validity and reliability of the gender equity scale in nursing education. Nursing & Health Sciences, 24(2), 447-457.  https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12940
CR  - Cope, V., Jones, B., & Hendricks, J. (2016). Why nurses chose to remain in the workforce: Portraits of resilience. Collegian, 23(1), 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.12.001
CR  - Doğrusöz, L. A., Polat, Ş., Yeşilyurt, T., & Göktepe, N. (2022). The effect of ındividual and professional characteristics of nurses and professional decision regrets on their ıntention to quit. Journal of Health and Nursing Management, 9(2), 311-321. https://doi.org/10.54304/SHYD.2022.20591
CR  - Dönmez, S., & Balkaya, N. A. (2021). Young nurses’ choice and perception of the image of the nursing profession. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Health Sciences, 7(2), 1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iaaojh/issue/64539/824950  [Erişim Tarihi: 15.03.2023].
CR  - Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior research methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
CR  - Gunn, V., Muntaner, C., Ng, E., Villeneuve, M., Gea-Sanchez, M., & Chung, H. (2019). Gender equality policies, nursing professionalization, and the nursing workforce: a cross-sectional, time-series analysis of 22 countries, 2000–2015. International journal of nursing studies, 99, 103388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.103388
CR  - Guy, M., Hughes, K. A., & Ferris‐Day, P. (2022). Lack of awareness of nursing as a career choice for men: A qualitative descriptive study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(12), 4190-4198.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15402
CR  - Güven, D. Y., & Şener, Ş. (2023). Determining the ımage of nursing profession in the society during covid-19 Pandemia Process. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(3), 470-477. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.991804
CR  - Harding, T., Jamieson, I., Withington, J., Hudson, D., & Dixon, A. (2018). Attracting men to nursing: Is graduate entry an answer? Nurse Education in Practice, 28, 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.07.003
CR  - Haron, Y., & Azuri, P. (2016). Integrating ultra-orthodox Jewish men in academic nursing training. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(6), 627-632. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659615604026
CR  - Hollup, O. (2014). The impact of gender, culture, and sexuality on Mauritian nursing: Nursing as a non-gendered occupational identity or masculine field? Qualitative study. International journal of nursing studies, 51(5), 752-760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.09.013
CR  - İncirlikuş, K., Yücel, İ., & Dindar, İ. (2023). Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin meslek seçimi yeterliliği ve etkileyen faktörler. Eurasian Journal of Health Sciences, 6(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1179953
CR  - Jung, Y.-M., & Yoo, I.-Y. (2022). Career education needs of Korean nursing students and professionals: A cross-sectional survey. Nurse Education Today, 108, 105209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105209
CR  - Kahraman, A. B., Tunçdemir, N. O., & Özcan, A. (2015). Toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim gören erkek öğrencilerin mesleğe yönelik algilari. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(2), 108-144. https://doi.org/10.18490/sad.58405
CR  - Kearns, T., & Mahon, P. (2021). How to attain gender equality in nursing—an essay. Thebmj web page., https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1232 bmj [Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2023].
CR  - Khan, M. J., Arooj, K., Arif, H., Nazir, N., & Nosheen, M. (2018). Attitude of male and female university students towards gender discrimination. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(2), 429-436. https://pjpr.scione.com/newfiles/pjpr.scione.com/166/166-PJPR_1.pdf [Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023].
CR  - Koenig, H. G., King, D., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford university. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/handbook-of-religion-and-health 9780195335958?cc=tr& lang =en& [Erişim Tarihi:13.05.2023].
CR  - Kumar T. D., & Ezhilarasu P., (2017). Growth of nursıngiIn Indıa: Historical and future perspectives., Healthy India Chronicle., https://healthyindiachronicle.in/shri-t-dileep-kumar-president-indian-nursing-council-growth-nursing-india/ [Erişim Tarihi: 05.05.2023].
CR  - Laver, S. (2020). New Graduate Nurses’ professional becoming: A study of lived experience., Charles Sturt University web page., https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/new-graduate-nurses-professional-becoming-a-study-of-lived-experi/ [Erişim Tarihi:02.05.2023].
CR  - Liaw, S. Y., Wu, L. T., Holroyd, E., Wang, W., Lopez, V., Lim, S., & Chow, Y. (2016). Why not nursing? Factors influencing healthcare career choice among Singaporean students. International Nursing Review, 63(4), 530-538.  https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12312
CR  - López-Verdugo, M., Ponce-Blandón, J. A., López-Narbona, F. J., Romero-Castillo, R., & Guerra-Martín, M. D. (2021). Social image of nursing. An integrative review about a yet unknown profession. Nursing Reports, 11(2), 460-474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep11020043
CR  - Mao, A., Cheong, P. L., Van, I. K., & Tam, H. L. (2021). “I am called girl, but that doesn’t matter”-perspectives of male nurses regarding gender-related advantages and disadvantages in professional development. BMC nursing, 20, 1-9. https//:doi.org/10.1186/s129112-021-00539-w
CR  - Masoumi, S. J., Nasabi, N. A., Varzandeh, M., & Bordbar, N. (2020). Gender equality among nurses: promotion strategies for gender equality. Health Management & Information Science, 7(4), 252-258. https://jhmi.sums.ac.ir/article_47799.html [Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2023].
CR  - McKenna, L., McCall, L., & Wray, N. (2010). Clinical placements and nursing students' career planning: A qualitative exploration. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 16(2), 176-182.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01827.x
CR  - Mesquita, C., & Lopes, R. (2018). Gender differences in higher education degree choice. EDULEARN18 Proceedings, 10.21125/edulearn.2018.2358
CR  - Miller C. L. (2019). A Career in nursing: Calling or choice?. Journal of Christian nursing : a quarterly publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship, 36(4), 236–237. 10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000647
CR  - Mosqueda-Díaz, A., Paravic-Klijn, T., & Valenzuela-Suazo, S. (2013). División sexual del trabajo y Enfermería. Index de Enfermería, 22(1-2), 70-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1132-12962013000100015
CR  - OECD. (2021). Health At A Glance 2021 : OECD Indicators. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/health-at-a-glance-2021_ae3016b9-en [Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2023].
CR  - Özdemir, F. K., & Şahin, Z. A. (2016). Hemşirelik bölümü birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin meslek seçimini etkileyen faktörler. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (1), 28-32. http://journal.acibadem.edu.tr/en/pub/issue/61311/914423#article_cite
CR  - Önler, E., & Varol-Saraçoğlu, G. (2010). Hemşirelikte Meslek Seçimi Ölçeğinin güvenilirlik ve geçerliliği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi , 3(2), 78-85.
CR  - Philippines., P. N. H. S. I. T. (2020).  https://www.scribd.com/doc/15885553/Pioneer-Nursing-Schools-and-Colleges-in-the-Philippines [Erişim Tarihi: 13.11.2023].
CR  - Prosen, M. (2022). Nursing students’ perception of gender-defined roles in nursing: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC nursing, 21(1), 104. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00876-4
CR  - Rosa, D. F., Carvalho, M. V. F., Pereira, N. R., Rocha, N. T., Neves, V. R., & Rosa, A. D. S. (2019). Nursing care for the transgender population: genders from the perspective of professional practice. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 72(suppl 1), 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0644
CR  - Sevinç, E., & Sabuncu, N. (2018). Kariyer planlama ve geliştirme uygulamalarına ilişkin bir özel hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin görüşleri. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, (6), 585-606. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.470868
CR  - Skipper, Y., & Fox, C. (2022). Boys will be boys: Young people’s perceptions and experiences of gender within education. Pastoral Care in Education, 40(4), 391-409. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2021.1977986
CR  - Solbes-Canales, I., Valverde-Montesino, S., & Herranz-Hernández, P. (2020). Socialization of gender stereotypes related to attributes and professions among young Spanish school-aged children. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 514213. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00609
CR  - Şentürk, S. E. (2011). Hemşirelik tarihi (ss. 61-97). Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
CR  - T.C.Kanun. (2007). Hemşirelik Kanununda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/05/20070502-3.htm [Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2023].
CR  - Teresa-Morales, C., Rodríguez-Pérez, M., Araujo-Hernández, M., & Feria-Ramírez, C. (2022). Current stereotypes associated with nursing and nursing professionals: An integrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(13), 7640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137640
CR  - Turan, Z., Öner, Ö., & Atasoy, I. (2021). Male and female nursing students’ opinions about gender and nursing as a career in Turkey: A qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 53, 103078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103078
CR  - Van der Cingel, M., & Brouwer, J. (2021). What makes a nurse today? A debate on the nursing professional identity and its need for change. Nursing philosophy, 22(2), e12343. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12343
CR  - While, A., Blackman, C., (1998). Reflections on nursing as a career choice. Journal of nursing management, 6(4), 231-237.
CR  - WHO. (2019). Gender equity in the health workforce: Analysis of 104 countries. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/gender-equity-in-the-health-workforce-analysis-of-104-countries. [Erişim Tarihi: 02.05.2023].
CR  - WHO. (2022). The best of both: Creating gender equity in nursing and midwifery leadership. https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2022/10/11/default-calendar/the-best-of-both--creating-gender-equity-in-nursing-and-midwifery-leadership [Erişim tarihi: 11.11.2022].
CR  - Wu, L., Low, M., Tan, K., López, V., & Liaw, S. Y. (2015). Why not nursing? A systematic review of factors influencing career choice among healthcare students. International Nursing Review, 62(4), 547-562. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12220
CR  - Çiftçioğlu Yalçın G, Özen Bekar E, Alan H. Sağlık bakımı alan hastaların toplumsal cinsiyet bakış açısı: Hekimler ve hemşireler. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi, 10(1),108-116. https://doi.org/10.54304/SHYD.2023.08831
CR  - Zamanzadeh, V., Azadim, A., Valizadeh, L., Keogh, B., Monadi, M., & Negarandeh, R. (2013). Choosing and remaining in nursing: Iranian male nurses’ perspectives. Contemporary Nurse, 45(2), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.45.2.220
CR  - Zysberg, L., & Berry, D. M. (2005). Gender and students' vocational choices in entering the field of nursing. Nursing outlook, 53(4), 193–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2005.05.001
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1674647
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4766815
ER  -