@article{article_1684879, title={Revisiting “Post-Neoliberalism” in Latin America’s Pink Tide: Brazil and Venezuela Compared}, journal={GSU Managerial and Social Sciences Letters}, volume={3}, pages={27–45}, year={2025}, author={Çiftçi, Atakan}, keywords={Pink Tide, post-neoliberalism, Latin America, Brazil, Venezuela}, abstract={This article critically reassesses the "post-neoliberal" nature of Latin America’s Pink Tide through a comparative analysis of Brazil and Venezuela. Emerging in the 2000s with anti-neoliberal rhetoric, these governments initially pursued redistributive policies, seemingly diverging from their predecessors’ neoliberal agendas. However, following the 2008 global financial crisis, the sustainability of these welfare-oriented programs was compromised, prompting the introduction of austerity measures. These policy shifts resulted in widespread public discontent, manifesting through electoral defeats and large-scale protests beginning around 2015, often characterized as a "right turn" or a "return to neoliberalism.” By comparatively analyzing Brazil and Venezuela, often seen as representing the moderate and radical poles of the Pink Tide, this article challenges the notion of a coherent and lasting "post-neoliberal" phase. It argues that the Pink Tide’s redistributive initiatives were fundamentally dependent upon a favorable economic environment marked by surging commodity prices and abundant international liquidity. Consequently, the end of this favorable global economic context, rather than an external ideological shift, triggered policy reversals and austerity measures. Ultimately, the study contends that the alleged "right turn" in Latin America began not after the Pink Tide, but within it.}, number={2}, publisher={Galatasaray Üniversitesi}