@article{article_1696148, title={Economic and Social Effects of Pandemics on Globalization and Xenophobia in Eurasia}, journal={Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi}, volume={16}, pages={390–403}, year={2025}, DOI={10.54558/jiss.1696148}, author={Tulun, Teoman Ertuğrul}, keywords={COVID-19, ekonomik küreselleşme, küresel değer zincirleri, damgalama, yabancı düşmanlığı}, abstract={Aim: This article aims to analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on globalization processes, the emergence of new forms of discrimination triggered by the pandemic, and the implications for current social and economic realities, with a particular focus on Central Asian countries. Considering the historical role of pandemics in transforming societies and economies, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the global economic downturn, unemployment, poverty, and social discrimination induced by COVID-19. Methods: A comparative historical analysis was conducted, juxtaposing the societal impacts of major past pandemics (Black Death, Spanish flu) with those of COVID-19. Secondary data from international organizations and reputable survey institutions were utilized to evaluate unemployment, economic growth, and incidents of racist-xenophobic violence in Western European and Central Asian countries. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruptions in global supply chains-the arteries of economic globalization-leading to a marked contraction in world trade and economic growth. Government measures such as border closures, quarantines, and mobility restrictions exacerbated job losses and disproportionately affected vulnerable groups, especially youth and women. The climate of fear and uncertainty fuelled by the pandemic increased racist and xenophobic attitudes toward “others” (foreigners, migrants, ethnic minorities), conceptualized as “xeno-racism.” While such discriminatory behaviors were widely reported in Western countries, no significant evidence was found in Central Asia, though the region suffered deep economic impacts. Conclusion: The research concludes that while COVID-19 will not end globalization, neglecting the human factor may inflict greater harm on globalization and the economy than the pandemic itself. Ongoing and future studies are needed to fully understand the long-term consequences of the pandemic on economies and societies. Originality: This study highlights that pandemics generate lasting effects not only on health but also on social cohesion and economic structures, emphasizing the emergence of xeno-racism as a distinctive phenomenon during the current pandemic.}, number={2}, publisher={Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi}