TY - JOUR T1 - Examining of High School Students’ Internet Addiction Levels in Terms of Sports Participation and Various Variables AU - Karadağ, Öznur AU - Çoknaz, Hakkı AU - Memedoğlu, İrem AU - Keser, Serhat PY - 2025 DA - September Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.47778/ejsse.1698309 JF - Eurasian Journal of Sport Sciences and Education JO - EJSSE PB - ERCAN POLAT WT - DergiPark SN - 2717-8455 SP - 204 EP - 215 VL - 7 IS - 2 LA - en AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the internet addiction levels of high school students with respect to the variables of sports participation, gender, grade level, and type of school. A total of 804 students (n=387 female, n=417 male) from various high schools in Düzce Province voluntarily participated in the research during the spring semester of the 2023–2024 academic year. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form developed by the researchers and the Young Internet Addiction Test Short Form, originally developed by Young (1998), shortened by Pawlikowski, Altstötter-Gleich, and Brand (2013), and adapted to Turkish by Kutlu, Savcı, Demir, and Aysan (2016). The SPSS program was used for data analysis, including mean, percentage, and frequency calculations. As the data showed normal distribution, independent samples t-test was used for two-group comparisons, and One-Way ANOVA was used for comparisons among more than two groups. Results showed that no significant differences were found based on gender, grade level, or school type (p>0.05). However, a significant difference was found in favor of students who participate in sports (p<0.05), indicating that students engaged in sports have lower levels of internet addiction. Therefore, it can be suggested that sports may serve as an effective tool in reducing internet addiction. Future studies could experimentally test this effect at primary and secondary school levels. KW - Addiction KW - Internet KW - Adolescent KW - High school KW - Sports CR - Adorjan, M., & Ricciardelli, R. (2021). Smartphone and social media addiction: exploring the perceptions and experiences of Canadian teenagers. Canadian Review of Sociology, 58(1), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12319 CR - Aksoy-Akbaş, S., & Gökbulut, B. (2023). The relationship between high school students' internet addiction, alienation from school and happiness levels. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 22(87), 741-762. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1200249 CR - Aslan, N. (2019). A research on internet addiction in adolescents, its prevalence, causes and consequences. International Journal of Social Research, 12(65), 945-957. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3506 CR - Ayas, T., & Horzum, M. B. (2013). Primary school students' internet addiction and family internet attitude. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 4(39), 46-57. CR - Bağrıaçık, B., Delice, E., Oruç, Z. N. & Yüzgeç, A. (2022). Investigation of social exclusion and internet addiction in high school students with various variables. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 8(60), 1048-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/smryj.62583. CR - Bozkurt, H., Şahin, S., & Zoroğlu, S. (2016). Internet addiction: A current review. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 6(3), 235-247. https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.66303 CR - Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Demirel, F., Karadeniz, Ş., & Çakmak, E. K. (2015). Scientific research methods. Pegem. CR - Camkıran, N., Sersan, V., & Yıldız, K. (2021). A review study on the use of technology in sports environment. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 6(2), 162-177. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.913352 CR - Can, H. C., & Tozoğlu, E. (2019). Examining the internet addiction levels of university students in terms of sports and different variables. Journal of Sport Education, 3(3), 102-118. CR - Cao, R., Gao, T., Ren, H., Hu, Y., Qin, Z., Liang, L., & Mei, S. (2021). The relationship between bullying victimization and depression in adolescents: Multiple mediating effects of internet addiction and sleep quality. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26(5), 555-565. CR - Deniz, L., & Teke, S. (2020). Evaluation of school administrators' technology leadership roles in line with teachers' views. Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Faculty of Education, 17(1), 351-373. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.692949 CR - Du, Z., & Zhang, X. (2022). Analysis of the mediating effects of self-efficacy and self-control between physical activity and internet addiction among Chinese college students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002830 CR - Dorsemaine, B., Gaulier, J. P., Wary, J. P., Kheir, N., & Urien, P. (2015). Internet of things: A definition & taxonomy. In 9th International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services And Technologies (pp. 72-77). CR - Efe, Y. S., Erdem, E., & Vural, B. (2021). Cyberbullying and internet addiction in high school students. Journal of Addiction, 22(4), 465-473. https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.936930 CR - Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), Article 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98 CR - Ektiricioğlu, C., Arslantaş, H., & Yüksel, R. (2020). The disease of the age in adolescents: Technology addiction. Journal of Archival Resource Scanning, 29(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.498947 CR - Elvan, D., & Mutlubaş, H. (2020). The use of technology in education-teaching activities and the benefits of technology. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 4(6), 100-109. CR - Eryılmaz, A., & Deniz, M. E. (2019). Addiction in all its aspects. Pegem. CR - Gülbetekin, E., Güven, E. & Sökmen, Ö. (2025). The effect of internet addiction on physical activity and dietary habits in high school students. Journal of Public Health, 33, 925–932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02083-0 CR - Hazar, Z., Tekkurşun Demir, G., Namlı, S. & Türkeli, A. (2017). Investıgatıon of the relationshıp between digital game addiction and physical activity levels of secondary school students. Niğde University Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, 11(3), 320-332. CR - Karakuş, T., Çağıltay, K., Kaşıkcı, D., Kurşun, E., & Ogan, C. (2014). Children's internet habits and safe internet use in Turkey and Europe. Education and Science, 39(171), 230-243. CR - Karasar, N. (2012). Scientific research methods (24th edition). Nobel Publishing. CR - Khan, M. A., Shabbir, F., & Rajput, T. A. (2017). Effect of gender and physical activity on internet addiction in medical students. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 191-194. CR - Koc, M., & Tanrıkulu, C. (2021). University students' internet addiction status and relationship to their perceptions of internet. International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. (pp. 405-412). ISTES Organization. CR - Kutlu, M., Savcı, M., Demir, Y., & Aysan, F. (2016). Turkish adaptation of young internet addiction test short form: A validity and reliability study in university students and adolescents. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(1), 69-76. CR - Lozano-Blasco, R., Latorre-Martínez, M., & Cortés-Pascual, A. (2022). Screen addicts: A meta-analysis of internet addiction in adolescence. Children and Youth Services Review, 135, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106373 CR - Mari, E., Biondi, S., Varchetta, M., Cricenti, C., Fraschetti, A., Pizzo, A., ... & Quaglieri, A. (2023). Gender differences in internet addiction: A study on variables related to its possible development. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 9, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100247 CR - Marin, M. G., Nuñez, X., & De Almeida, R. M. M. (2021). Internet addiction and attention in adolescents: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(4), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0698 CR - McGannon, K. R., L'estrange, M., & Mcmahon, J. (2020). The role of ultrarunning in drug and alcohol addiction recovery: An autobiographic study of athlete journeys. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 46, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101585 CR - McLellan, A. T., Lewis, D. C., O'brien, C. P., & Kleber, H. D. (2000). Drug dependence, a chronic medical illness: Implications for treatment, insurance, and outcomes evaluation. Jama, 284(13), 1689-1695. CR - Montag, C., & Reuter, M. (2017). Internet addiction. Springer International Publishing. CR - Noroozi, F., Hassanipour, S., Eftekharian, F., Eisapareh, K., & Kaveh, M. H. (2021). Internet addiction effect on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Scientific World Journal, 2021(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2556679 CR - Omar, A. N. M., El Hamady, M. M., El Bakry, S. T., Samy, P. V., & Abd-Elmaksoud, S. F. (2023). A study of relation between sports addiction, internet use, and video gaming among a sample of Egyptian sports clubs’ attendants. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 30(33), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00284-7 CR - Paris, N., Samsuri, M., & Abas, H. (2024). Grammar and technology: A bibliometric exploration of research trends and influential works. Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 9(27), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v9i27.5692 CR - Patterson, M. S., Spadine, M. N., Graves Boswell, T., Prochnow, T., Amo, C., Francis, A. N., ... & Heinrich, K. M. (2022). Exercise in the treatment of addiction: A systematic literature review. Health Education & Behavior, 49(5), 801-819. https://doi.org/10.1177/10901981221090155 CR - Pawlikowski, M., Altstötter-Gleich, C., & Brand, M. (2013). Validation and psychometric properties of a short version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 1212–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.10.014 CR - Qiu, C., Qi, Y., & Yin, Y. (2023). Multiple intermediary model test of adolescent physical exercise and internet addiction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054030 CR - Ramsten, C., Martin, L., Dag, M., & Hammar, L. M. (2020). Information and communication technology use in daily life among young adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 24(3), 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629518784351 CR - Ren, T., Jiao, Y., & Liqiong, L. I. U. (2017). Social anxiety and internet addiction among rural left-behind children: The mediating effect of loneliness. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46(12), 1659-1668. CR - Sarıkol, C., & Öçalan, M. (2022). Investigation of high school students' internet addiction levels in terms of sports and different variables. Journal of Sports, Health and Education Research, 1(1), 18-28. CR - Seferoğlu, S. S. (2007). Primary school computer course curriculum: A critical view and problems in practice. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 29(1), 99-111. CR - Selen, H., & Koç, Ş. (2024). Evaluation of internet addiction and nutrition habits of middle and high school students. Journal of Nutrition and Diet, 52(1), 58-67. https://doi.org/10.33076/2024.BDD.1832 CR - Seyrek, S., Cop, E., Sinir, H., Ugurlu, M., & Senel, S. (2017). Factors associated with internet addiction: Cross-sectional study of Turkish adolescents. Pediatrics international, 59(2), 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13117 CR - Su, W., Han, X., Yu, H., Wu, Y., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Do men become addicted to internet gaming and women to social media? A meta-analysis examining gender-related differences in specific internet addiction. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106480 CR - Sussman, S., & Sussman, A. N. (2011). Considering the definition of addiction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(10), 4025-4038. CR - Taş, İ., Eker, H., & Anlı, G. (2014). Investigation of internet and game addiction levels of secondary school students. Online Journal of Technology Addiction and Cyberbullying, 1(2), 37-57. CR - TDK. (2024). https://Sozluk.Gov.Tr/ (21.04.2024). CR - TUIK. (2021). https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ (22.04.2024). CR - Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the net: How to recognize the signs of Internet addiction – And a winning strategy for recovery. John Wiley & Sons. CR - Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Qualitative research methods in social sciences. Seçkin. UR - https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.1698309 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4865561 ER -