TY - JOUR T1 - From perceived maternal narcissism to anger expression: the role of borderline personality traits TT - Anneden algılanan narsisizmden öfke ifadesine: borderline kişilik özelliklerinin rolü AU - Köten, Esra PY - 2025 DA - July Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.32322/jhsm.1704671 JF - Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine JO - J Health Sci Med /JHSM /jhsm PB - MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık WT - DergiPark SN - 2636-8579 SP - 606 EP - 613 VL - 8 IS - 4 LA - en AB - Aims: Although the interpersonal challenges linked to narcissism are well recognized, their expressions in the context of parent-child relationships remain understudied. This study aimed to explore the relationships between perceived maternal narcissism (PMN), traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and anger, as well as the mediating effect of BPD on the relationship between PMN and anger.Methods: The Perceived Maternal Narcissism Scale (PMNS), the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ), and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) self-report scales were administered to a non-clinical sample of 434 adults in Turkiye. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 27, along with Process Macro 4.2.Results: The findings reveal significant correlations among PMN, BPD, and anger. PMN is a strong predictor of trait anger and anger-in and anger-out styles of expression, and BPD mediates each of these relationships.Conclusion: These results align with the broader literature on parent-child relationships, adverse childhood experiences, personality disorders, and emotional expressions, significantly contributing to the existing research by revealing PMN’s direct influence on anger and identifying BPD as a key mediator. KW - Perceived maternal narcissism KW - borderline personality traits KW - trait anger KW - anger expression styles KW - mediation analysis N2 - Amaç: Narsisizme bağlı kişilerarası sorunlar iyi bilinmekle birlikte, bu özelliklerin ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkileri bağlamındaki yansımaları yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, anneden algılanan narsisizm (AAN), borderline kişilik bozukluğu (BKB) özellikleri ve öfke arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve ayrıca BKB özelliklerinin AAN ile öfke arasındaki ilişkideki aracılık etkisini değerlendirmektir.Yöntem: Türkiye'de klinik dışı bir örneklemden elde edilen 434 yetişkine, Anneden Algılanan Narsisizm Ölçeği (AANÖ), Borderline Kişilik Özellikleri Ölçeği (BPQ- Türkçe) ve Sürekli Öfke ve Öfke İfade Tarzı Envanteri (STAXI- Türkçe) uygulanmıştır. Veriler IBM SPSS 27 ve Process Macro 4.2 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: AAN, BKB ve öfke değişkenleri arasında anlamlı korelasyonlar saptanmıştır. AAN, sürekli öfke ile hem içe hem dışa yöneltilmiş öfke ifade tarzlarının güçlü bir yordayıcısıdır. Ayrıca BKB özellikleri bu ilişkilerin her birinde aracılık rolü üstlenmektedir.Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkileri, olumsuz çocukluk deneyimleri, kişilik bozuklukları ve duygusal ifadelerle ilgili daha geniş literatürle örtüşürken, AAN'nin öfke üzerindeki doğrudan etkisini ve BKB özelliklerinin aracılık rolünü ortaya koyarak mevcut araştırmalara önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır. CR - Kohut H. The analysis of the self: a systematic approach to the psychoanalytic treatment of narcissistic personality disorders. New York: International Universities Press; 1971. CR - Kernberg O. Borderline conditions and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson; 1975. CR - Estlein R, Gewirtz-Meydan A, Finzi-Dottan R. Maternal narcissism and child maladjustment: a dyadic study. Curr Psychol. 2024;43:34705-34716. doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06993-4 CR - Alpay EH, Aydın A. Growing up with a narcissistic mother: mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship of maternal narcissistic traits with depression and anxiety. Curr Approaches Psychiatry. 2024;16(Suppl 1):87-97. doi:10.18863/pgy.1402000 CR - Dündar B. The relationship between narcissism, perceived maternal narcissism, selfobject needs and attachment [master’s thesis]. İzmir: İzmir University of Economics; 2022. CR - Türker Ö. The role of perceived maternal narcissism and depression on the later development of narcissistic personality organization [master’s thesis]. İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi; 2018. CR - Vignando M, Bizumic B. Parental narcissism and scapegoating. J Psychol. 2023;157(2):121-141. doi:10.1080/00223980.2022.2148088 CR - Faraji H, Bilğiş C, Darçın Z. The mediator role of rejection sensitivity between perceived maternal narcissism and self-disclosure in romantic relationship. Turk Psychol Couns Guid J. 2024;14(72):37-47. doi:10.17066/tpdrd.1237523_3 CR - Bach BN. The impact of parental narcissistic traits on self-esteem in adulthood [master’s thesis]. Northampton (MA): Smith College; 2014. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/theses/845 CR - Greenberg JR, Mitchell SA. Object relations in psychoanalytic theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1983. CR - American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. CR - Schulze A, Cloos L, Zdravkovic M, et al. On the interplay of borderline personality features, childhood trauma severity, attachment types, and social support. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2022;9:35. doi:10.1186/s40479-022-00206-9 CR - Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Reich DB, Marino MF, Haynes MC, Gunderson JG. Violence in the lives of adult borderline patients. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999;187(2):65-71. doi:10.1097/00005053-199902000-00001 CR - Reffi AN, Boykin DM, Orcutt HK. Examining pathways of childhood maltreatment and emotional dysregulation using self-compassion. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2018;28(10):1269-1285. doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1485810 CR - Fonagy P, Luyten P, Bateman A. Translation: mentalizing as treatment target in borderline personality disorder. Personal Disord. 2015;6(4):380-392. doi:10.1037/per0000113 CR - Lazarus SA, Cheavens JS. An examination of social network quality and composition in women with and without borderline personality disorder. Personal Disord. 2017;8(4):340-348. doi:10.1037/per0000201. PMID: 27347686 CR - Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V. The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(6):590-596. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.590 CR - Carpenter RW, Trull TJ. Components of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2013;15(1):335. doi:10.1007/s11920-012-0335-2 CR - Martino F, Caselli G, Berardi D, et al. Anger rumination and aggressive behaviour in borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2015;9(4):277-287. doi:10.1002/pmh.1310 CR - Mitolo M, D’Adda F, Evangelisti S, et al. Emotion dysregulation, impulsivity and anger rumination in borderline personality disorder: the role of amygdala and insula. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024;274(1):109-116. doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01597-8 CR - Spielberger CD, Jacobs G, Russell S, Crane RS. Assessment of anger: the State-Trait Anger Scale. In: Butcher JN, Spielberger CD, eds. Adv Personal Asses. Vol 2. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1983:159-187. CR - Özer AK. Sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzı ölçekleri: ön çalışma. Türk Psikol Derg. 1994;9(31):26-35. CR - Howells K, Day A. Readiness for anger management: clinical and theoretical issues. Clin Psychol Rev. 2003;23(2):319-337. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00228-3 CR - Bal CG, Gül N, Tumurbağa M. Sürekli öfke ve öfke ifade tarzının demografik özelliklerle ilişkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv İİBF Derg. 2019;9(2):63-72. CR - Guo Y, Zhang H, Gao J, et al. Study of genes associated with the ‘anger-in’ and ‘anger-out’ emotions of humans using a rat model. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9(4):1448-1454. doi:10.3892/etm.2015.2246 CR - Novaco RW, Taylor JL. Anger and assaultiveness of male forensic patients with developmental disabilities: Links to volatile parents. Aggress Behav. 2008;34(4):380-393. doi:10.1002/ab.20254 CR - Alpay E. Anneden algılanan narsisistik özellikler ile psikopatoloji arasındaki ilişkide kendini eleştirinin aracı rolü incelenmesi [unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Mersin: Mersin Üniversitesi; 2020. CR - Poreh AM, Rawlings D, Claridge G, et al. The BPQ: a scale for the assessment of borderline personality based on DSM-IV criteria. J Pers Disord. 2006;20(3):247-260. doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.3.247 CR - Ceylan V, Kose S, Akin E, Turkcapar MH. Normative data and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (Turkish BPQ). Psychiatry Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(2):143-151. doi:10.1080/24750573.2017.1298422 CR - Fitzner K. Reliability and validity: a quick review. Diabetes Educ. 2007;33(5):775-776, 780. doi:10.1177/0145721707308172 CR - Hahs-Vaughn DL, Lomax RG. Statistical concepts-a second course. 5th ed. Routledge; 2020. CR - Perry NB, Cavanaugh AM, Dunbar AS, Leerkes EM. Maternal punitive reactions to children’s negative emotions and young adult anger: the effect of gender and emotional closeness. Marriage Fam Rev. 2015;51(3):229-245. doi:10.1080/01494929.2015.1031421 CR - Witte TH, Callahan KL, Perez-Lopez M. Narcissism and anger: an exploration of underlying correlates. Psychol Rep. 2002;90(3):871-875. doi:10.2466/pr0.2002.90.3.871 CR - Bezirganian S, Cohen P, Brook JS. The impact of mother-child interaction on the development of borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150:1836-1842. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.12.1836 CR - Russ E, Heim A, Westen D. Parental bonding and personality pathology assessed by clinician report. J Pers Disord. 2003;17(6):522-536. doi:10.1521/pedi.17.6.522.25351 CR - Nickell AD, Waudby CJ, Trull TJ. Attachment, parental bonding and borderline personality disorder features in young adults. J Pers Disord. 2002;16(2):148-159. doi:10.1521/pedi.16.2.148.22544 CR - Boucher MÈ, Pugliese J, Allard-Chapais C, et al. Parent-child relationship associated with the development of borderline personality disorder: a systematic review. Personal Ment Health. 2017;11(4):229-255. doi:10.1002/pmh.1385 CR - Selby EA, Braithwaite SR, Joiner TE, Fincham FD. Features of borderline personality disorder, perceived childhood emotional invalidation, and dysfunction within current romantic relationships. J Family Psychol. 2008;22(6):885-893. doi:10.1037/a0013673 CR - Schuppert HM, Albers CJ, Minderaa RB, Emmelkamp PM, Nauta MH. Severity of borderline personality symptoms in adolescence: Relationship with maternal parenting stress, maternal psychopathology, and rearing styles. J Pers Disord. 2015;29(3):289-302. doi:10.1521/pedi_2104_28_155 CR - Hernandez A, Arntz A, Gaviria AM, Labad A, Gutiérrez-Zotes JA. Relationships between childhood maltreatment, parenting style, and borderline personality disorder criteria. J Pers Disord. 2012;26(5):727-736. doi:10.1521/pedi.2012.26.5.727 CR - Rohner RP, Brothers SA. Perceived parental rejection, psychological maladjustment, and borderline personality disorder. J Emotion Abuse. 1999;1(4):81-95. doi:10.1300/j135v01n04_05 CR - Akpınar F. Borderline kişilik bozukluğu olan bireylerin öfke tarzları ve saldırganlık davranışı üzerine bir inceleme [master’s thesis]. İstanbul: Maltepe Üniversitesi; 2010. CR - Kuhlken K, Robertson C, Benson J, Nelson-Gray R. The interaction of borderline personality disorder symptoms and relationship satisfaction in predicting affect. Personal Disord. 2014;5(1):20-25. doi:10.1037/per0000013 CR - Mancke F, Herpertz SC, Kleindienst N, Bertsch K. Emotion dysregulation and trait anger sequentially mediate the association between borderline personality disorder and aggression. J Pers Disord. 2017;31(2):256-272. doi:10.1521/pedi_2016_30_247 CR - Scott LN, Wright AGC, Beeney JE, Lazarus SA, Pilkonis PA, Stepp SD. Borderline personality disorder symptoms and aggression: a within-person process model. J Abnorm Psychol. 2017;126(4):429-440. doi:10.1037/abn0000272 CR - Oliva A, Ferracini SM, Amoia R, et al. The association between anger rumination and emotional dysregulation in borderline personality disorder: a review. J Affect Disord. 2023;338:546-553. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.036 CR - Sauer-Zavala SE, Geiger PJ, Baer RA. The effect of anger rumination in the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptoms and precursors. J Pers Disord. 2013;27(4):465-472. doi:10.1521/pedi_2013_27_098 CR - Messina I, Spataro P, Sorella S, Grecucci A. “Holding in anger” as a mediator in the relationship between attachment orientations and borderline personality features. Brain Sci. 2023;13(6):878. doi:10.3390/brainsci13060878 CR - Jacob GA, Guenzler C, Zimmermann S, et al. Time course of anger and other emotions in women with borderline personality disorder: a preliminary study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2008;39(3):391-402. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.009 CR - Bertsch K, Back S, Flechsenhar A, et al. Don’t make me angry: frustration-induced anger and its link to aggression in women with borderline personality disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:695062. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695062 CR - Gratz KL, Kiel EJ, Latzman RD, Elkin TD, Moore SA, Tull MT. Emotion: empirical contribution: maternal borderline personality pathology and infant emotion regulation: examining the influence of maternal emotion-related difficulties and infant attachment. J Personal Disorders. 2014;28(1):52-69. doi:10.1521/pedi.2014.28.1.52 CR - Kiel EJ, Viana AG, Tull MT, Gratz KL. Emotion socialization strategies of mothers with borderline personality disorder symptoms: the role of maternal emotion regulation and interactions with infant temperament. J Personal Disorders. 2017;31(3):399-416. doi:10.1521/pedi_2016_30_256 CR - Whalen DJ, Kiel EJ, Tull MT, Latzman RD, Gratz KL. Maternal borderline personality disorder symptoms and convergence between observed and reported infant negative emotional expressions. Personal Disorders Theory Research Treat. 2015;6(3):229-238. doi:10.1037/per0000116 CR - Herr NR, Hammen C, Brennan PA. Maternal borderline personality disorder symptoms and adolescent psychosocial functioning. J Pers Disord. 2008;22(5):451-465. doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.5.451 UR - https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1704671 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4894479 ER -