TY  - JOUR
T1  - Glutamin Enema Might Have Helped Reversing İntestinal Mucosal İnjury Among Diarrheic Calves: Trophic Aminoacid For ‘Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis’
TT  - Glutamin Eneması İshalli Buzağılarda Bağırsak Mukozal Hasarının Tersine Çevrilmesine Yardımcı Olmuş Olabilir: 'Mikrobiyota-Bağırsak-Beyin Ekseni' İçin Trofik Aminoasit
AU  - Alıç Ural, Deniz
PY  - 2025
DA  - September
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.53493/avrasyasbd.1711822
JF  - Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi
JO  - AvrasyaSBD
PB  - Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2651-3501
SP  - 171
EP  - 176
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - Introduction: Glutamine (Gln) has been denoted as an effectual nutritional supplementation for improving the gastrointestinal barrier function of animals. Aim: In the present study evaluating the efficacy of Gln on intestinal morphology, as detected by Diamine oxidase (dAo), a valuable marker for detecting gastrointestinal toxicity and intestinal mucosal injury, among diarrheic calves. Materials and Methods: In a total of 20 calves with diarrhea, with unknown etiology, were enrolled at this study. Following physical examination performed by board certified veterinary surgeons (who were not involved other than technical intervention), rapid diagnostic test kits were applied without any responsible etiological agent detected, a total of 0.9 ml blood was withdrawn from each calf. Sandwich ELISA by use of commercially available bovine dAo test kits were deemed available. Glutamine (Gut-cumin I Liquid Sol.) was given via rectal route as 15 mg/kg for 7 consequtive days. Results: Mean± SE dAo (ng/mL) analysis were deemed available at days 0 (start of trial) and primary end point (day 7), presented 9.12±2.46 vs. 28.19±3.18 (p
KW  - damage
KW  - intestine
KW  - glutamine
KW  - diamine oxidase
KW  - diarrhea
N2  - Giriş: Glutamin (Gln), hayvanların gastrointestinal bariyer fonksiyonunu iyileştirmek için etkili bir besin takviyesi olarak gösterilmiştir. Amaç: Bu çalışmada, ishalli buzağılarda gastrointestinal toksisite ve intestinal mukozal hasarı tespit etmek için değerli bir belirteç olan Diamin oksidaz (dAo) ile tespit edilen intestinal morfoloji üzerindeki Gln'nin etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Materyal ve Metot: Etiyolojisi bilinmeyen toplam 20 buzağı bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Teknik müdahale dışında herhangi bir müdahalede bulunmayan kurul onaylı veteriner cerrahlar tarafından yapılan fiziksel muayenenin ardından, herhangi bir sorumlu etiyolojik ajan tespit edilmeden hızlı tanı test kitleri uygulandı ve her buzağıdan toplam 0,9 ml kan alındı. Ticari olarak temin edilebilen sığır dAo test kitleri kullanılarak sandviç ELISA'nın mevcut olduğu kabul edildi. Bulgular: Glutamin (Gut-cumin I Liquid Sol.) 7 ardışık gün boyunca rektal yoldan 15 mg/kg olarak verildi. Ortalama± SE dAo (ng/mL) analizi 0. günde (denemenin başlangıcı) ve birincil son noktada (7. gün) mevcut kabul edildi, sırasıyla 9,12±2,46'ya karşı 28,19±3,18 (p
CR  - Albrecht J, Sidoryk-Wegrzynowicz M, Zielinska M, Aschner M. (2010). Roles of glutamine in neurotransmission. Neuronal Glia Biol, 6 (4): 263-276. doi:10.1017/S1740925X11000093
CR  - Alıç Ural D. (2024a). Investigation of diamine oxidase as a biomarker of intestinal mucosal injury in calves exposed to antibacterial treatment. J Adv VetBio Sci Tech, 9 (3): 190- 196. doi:10.31797/vetbio.1423891
CR  - Alıç Ural D. (2024b). Intestinal mucosal damage and intestinal permeability in non-infectious and infectious diarrheic calves in relation to diamine oxidase activity. Int J Vet Anim Res, 7 (3): 83-86. doi:10.5281/zenodo.14583367
CR  - Alıç Ural D, Erdoğan S, Kılıç N, Erdoğan H, Turk E, Ural K. (2023). Probiotic enema protects intestinal mucosae and decreases plasma diamine oxidase activity among calves with diarrhea. Veterinaria, 72 (3): 283-289.
CR  - Alizadeh, A, Akbari P, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J, Braber S. (2022). Epithelial integrity, junctional complexes, and biomarkers associated with intestinal functions. Tissue Barriers, 10(3), 1996830.
CR  - Amores-Sanchez MI, Medina MA. (1999). Glutamine, as a precursor of glutathione, and oxidative stress. Mol Genet Metab, 67 (2): 100-105. doi:10.1006/mgme.1999.2857
CR  - Avşar FM, Şahin M, Saygun O, Özel İH, Hengirmen S, Vatansev H, Kafalı E, Yılmaz O. (2001). Effects of oral L-glutamine, insulin and laxative on the severity of acute pancreatitis. Turk J Med Sci, 31 (6): 555-560.
CR  - Brooks HW, White DG, Wagstaff AJ, Michell AR. (1996). Evaluation of a nutritive oral rehydration solution for the treatment of calf diarrhea. Br Vet J, 152 (6): 699-708. doi:10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80112-0
CR  - Buffoni F. (1966). Histaminase and related amine oxidases. Pharmacol Rev, 18 (4): 1163-1199. doi:10.1124/pr.18.4.1163
CR  - Calder P. (1994). Glutamine and the immune system. Clin Nutr, 13 (1): 2-8. doi:10.1016/0261-5614(94)90003-5
CR  - Ceja G, Boerman JP, Neves RC, Jorgensen MW, Johnson JS. (2023). L-glutamine supplementation reduces gastrointestinal permeability and biomarkers of physiological stress in preweaning Holstein heifer calves. J Dairy Sci, 106 (12): 9663-9676. doi:10.3168/jds.2023-23456
CR  - Coster J, McCauley R, Hall J. (2004). Glutamine: Metabolism and application in nutrition support. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 13: 25-31.
CR  - D'Agostino L, D'Argenio G, Ciacci C, Daniele B, Macchia V, Mazzacca G. (1984). Diamine oxidase in rat small bowel: Distribution in different segments and cellular location. Enzyme, 31 (4): 217-220. doi:10.1159/000469529
CR  - DeBell RM, Ledney GD, Snyder SL. (1987). Quantification of gut injury with diamine oxidase activity: development of a fission neutron RBE and measurements with combined injury in mouse models. Radiat Res, 112(3):508-516.
CR  - Dong X, Zhai R, Liu Z, Lin X, Wang Z, Hu Z. (2019). The effect of intravenous infusions of glutamine on duodenal cell autophagy and apoptosis in early-weaned calves. Animals (Basel), 9 (7): 404. doi:10.3390/ani9070404
CR  - Fukuda T, Tsukano K, Otsuka M, Murakami Y, Kitade Y, Nakatsuji H, Sera K, Suzuki K. (2020). Relationship between postnatal days, serum Cu concentration and plasma diamine oxidase activity in Japanese Black calves. J Vet Med Sci, 82 (10): 1488-1491. doi:10.1292/jvms.20-0200
CR  - Fukudome I, Kobayashi M, Dabanaka K, Maeda H, Okamoto K, Okabayashi T, Baba R, Kumagai N, Oba K, Fujita M, Hanazaki K. (2014). Diamine oxidase as a marker of intestinal mucosal injury and the effect of soluble dietary fiber on gastrointestinal tract toxicity after intravenous 5-fluorouracil treatment in rats. Med Mol Morphol, 47 (2): 100-107. doi:10.1007/s00795-013-0060-0
CR  - Karinch AM, Pan M, Lin CM, Strange R, Souba WW. (2001). Glutamine metabolism in sepsis and infection. J Nutr, 131 (9 Suppl): 2535S–2538S. doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2535S
CR  - Kaya E, Ceylan A, Kara N, Güven H, Yıldız L. (2007). The effect of L-glutamine on mucosal healing in experimental colitis is superior to short-chain fatty acids. Turk J Gastroenterol, 18 (2): 89–94.
CR  - Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. (1990). Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid? Nutr Rev, 48 (8): 297–309. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02967.x
CR  - Larson LL, Owen FG, Albright JL, Appleman RD, Lamb RC, Muller LD. (1977). Guidelines toward more uniformity in measuring and reporting calf experimental data. J Dairy Sci, 60 (6): 989–991. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)83975-1
CR  - Luk GD, Bayless TM, Baylin SB. (1980). Diamine oxidase (histaminase): A circulating marker for rat intestinal mucosal maturation and integrity. J Clin Invest, 66 (1): 66– 70. doi:10.1172/JCI109836
CR  - McGuirk SM. (2008). Disease management of dairy calves and heifers. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 24 (1): 139–153. doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.10.003
CR  - Newsholme P. (2001). Why is L-glutamine metabolism important to cells of the immune system in health, postinjury, surgery or infection? J Nutr, 131 (9 Suppl): 2515S–2522S. doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2515S
CR  - Newsholme P, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Murphy CJ, Garcia C, Pires de Melo M. (1999). Glutamine metabolism by lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils: Its importance in health and disease. J Nutr Biochem, 10 (6): 316–324. doi:10.1016/ S0955-2863(99)00022-4
CR  - Ono M, Ishii A, Aritsune M, Horikita T. (2023). Changes in serum concentration and activity of diamine oxidase during the first month of life in calves. J Vet Med Sci, 85 (4): 417–419. doi:10.1292/jvms.22-0343
CR  - Patience JF. (1990). A review of the role of acid-base balance in amino acid nutrition. J Anim Sci, 68 (2): 398–408. doi:10.2527/1990.682398x
CR  - Shakir KM, Margolis S, Baylin SB. (1977). Localization of histamine (diamine oxidase) in rat small intestinal mucosa: Site of release by heparin. Biochem Pharmacol, 26 (23): 2343–2347. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(77)90438-5
CR  - Song Z, Cheng K, Zhang L, Wang T. (2017). Dietary supplementation of enzymatically treated Artemisia annua could alleviate the intestinal inflammatory response in heat-stressed broilers. J Therm Bio, 69: 184-190.
CR  - Wang S, Wang F, Kong F, Cao Z, Wang W, Yang H, Wang Y, Bi Y, Li S. (2022). Effect of supplementing different levels of L-glutamine on Holstein calves during weaning. Antioxidants, 11 (3): 542. doi:10.3390/antiox11030542
CR  - Wolvekamp MC, de Bruin RW. (1994). Diamine oxidase: An overview of historical, biochemical and functional aspects. Dig Dis, 12 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1159/000171439
CR  - Zhou Y, Zhang P, Deng G, Liu X, Lu D. (2012). Improvements of immune status, intestinal integrity, and gain performance in the early-weaned calves parenterally supplemented with L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 145 (1–2): 134–142. doi:10.1016/j. vetimm.2011.10.020
UR  - https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1711822
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4926197
ER  -