@article{article_1712236, title={Notes on the Consolidated Foreign Debt of teh Ottoman Empire}, journal={The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations}, volume={12}, pages={89–99}, year={2025}, author={Tezel, Yahya Sezai}, keywords={Ottoman, Empire, Foreign}, abstract={The roots of the 19 th and 20 th century Ottoman foreign borrowings lie in the chronic financial difficulties that the Ottoman central government faced from the late 16 th century onwards.}, publisher={Ankara Üniversitesi}