TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from plants
TT  - Bitkilerden biyoaktif bileşiklerin ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonu
AU  - Özdemir, Murat
AU  - Ak, İrem
AU  - Coşkun, Seray
AU  - Ünverdi, Nursima
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.56833/gidaveyem.1713475
JF  - Gıda ve Yem Bilimi Teknolojisi Dergisi
JO  - gidaveyem
PB  - GIDA VE YEM KONTROL MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1303-3107
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
IS  - 35
LA  - en
AB  - Objective: This study gives a comprehensive review of the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound-assisted extraction, important factors affecting the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds, and current applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction in extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from plant materials. The primary goal of this review is to gain a thorough understanding of the principles, benefits and impact of ultrasound-assisted extraction on phenolics and flavonoids from plants, investigate the equipment (ultrasonic probe and ultrasonic bath) used in ultrasound-assisted extraction, and provide an overview of ultrasound-assisted extraction in the recovery of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from plants. This review reveals that ultrasound-assisted extraction provides numerous advantages, including its ease of use, increased efficiency and reproducibility, reduced solvent usage, energy consumption, operating costs and processing time, improved product purity, better protection of bioactivity of thermosensitive compounds, and operable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Temperature, contact time, solvent type and solvent concentration, solid to solvent ratio, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency are the primary factors affecting ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds. Cavitation during ultrasound-assisted extraction accelerates the release of bioactive compounds from plant cells, thus resulting in more efficient extraction. Conclusion: It is considered that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an innovative method and efficient way to extract bioactive compounds from plants. In conclusion, applications regarding the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from plants show that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an environmentally friendly method, which is why it is known as green extraction.
KW  - Ultrasound-assisted extraction
KW  - plants
KW  - bioactive compounds
KW  - phenolics
KW  - flavonoids
N2  - Amaç: Bu çalışma, ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun mekanizması, avantajları ve dezavantajları, biyoaktif bileşiklerin ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonunu etkileyen önemli faktörler ve bitkilerden fenolik ve flavonoidlerin ekstraksiyonunda ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun mevcut uygulamaları hakkında kapsamlı bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasının temel amacı, bitkilerden fenolik ve flavonoidlerin elde edilmesinde ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun prensipleri, faydaları ve etkisi hakkında kapsamlı bilgiler vermek, ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonda kullanılan ekipmanları (ultrasonik prob ve ultrasonik banyo) incelemek, bitkilerden fenolik ve flavonoid bileşiklerin geri kazanılmasında ultrases destekli ekstraksiyon hakkında bir bakış açısı sunmaktır. Bu derleme, ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun kullanım kolaylığı, artan verimlilik ve tekrarlanabilirlik, azaltılmış solvent kullanımı, enerji tüketimi, işletme maliyetleri ve işlem süresi, iyileştirilmiş ürün saflığı, ısıya duyarlı bileşiklerin biyoaktivitesinin daha iyi korunması ile oda sıcaklığında ve atmosferik basınçta çalıştırılabilir olması gibi çok sayıda avantaj sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Sıcaklık, temas süresi, çözücü tipi, katı-çözücü oranı, ultrasonik güç ve ultrasonik frekans biyoaktif bileşiklerin ultrason destekli ekstraksiyonunu etkileyen başlıca faktörlerdir. Ultrases destekli ekstraksiyon sırasındaki kavitasyon, bitki hücrelerinden biyoaktif bileşiklerin salınımını hızlandırmakta ve böylece daha verimli bir ekstraksiyon sağlamaktadır.Sonuç: Ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun bitkilerden biyoaktif bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonu için yenilikçi bir yöntem ve etkili bir yol olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, bitkilerden fenolik ve flavonoid bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonuna ilişkin uygulamalar, ultrases destekli ekstraksiyonun çevre dostu bir yöntem olduğunu ve bu nedenle yeşil ekstraksiyon olarak bilindiğini göstermektedir.
CR  - Aekthammarat, D., Tangsucharit, P., Pannangpetch, P., Sriwantana, T., and Sibmooh, N. (2020). Moringa oleifera leaf extract enhances endothelial nitric oxide production leading to relaxation of resistance artery and lowering of arterial blood pressure. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 130, 110605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110605
CR  - Agregán, R., Munekata, P.E., Feng, X., Astray, G., Gullón, B., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2021). Recent advances in the extraction of polyphenols from eggplant and their application in foods. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 146, 111381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111381
CR  - Alara, O.R., Abdurahman, N.H., and Ukaegbu, C.I. (2021). Extraction of phenolic compounds: A review. Current Research in Food Science, 4, 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.011
CR  - Ashokkumar, M. (2015). Applications of ultrasound in food and bioprocessing. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 25, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.08.012
CR  - Bi, Y., Lu, Y., Yu, H., and Luo, L. (2019). Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Sargassum henslowianum using response surface methodology. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 15(60), 156-163. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_347_18
CR  - Bouafia, M., Colak, N., Ayaz, F.A., Benarfa, A., Harrat, M., Gourine, N., and Yousfi, M. (2021). The optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of Centaurea sp. antioxidative phenolic compounds using response surface methodology. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 25, 100330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2021.100330
CR  - Brahmi, F., Blando, F., Sellami, R., Mehdi, S., De Bellis, L., Negro, C., Haddadi-Guemghar, H., Madani, K., and Makhlouf-Boulekbache, L. (2022). Optimization of the conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill. flowers and comparison with conventional procedures. Industrial Crops and Products, 184, 114977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114977
CR  - Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Meullemiestre, A., Turk, M., Perino, S., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., and Abert-Vian, M. (2017a). Review of green food processing techniques: Preservation, transformation, and extraction. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 41, 357-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2017.04.016
CR  - Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A.G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., and Abert-Vian, M. (2017b). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols, and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 540-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035
CR  - Chen, F.Y., Yu, W.W., Lin, F.X., Huang, J.W., Huang, W.M., Shuang, P.C., Bian, Y.T., and Luo, Y.M. (2021). Sesquiterpenoids with neuroprotective activities from the Chloranthaceae plant Chloranthus henryi. Fitoterapia, 151, 104871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104871
CR  - Chen, Y., Li, M., Dharmasiri, T.S.K., Song, X., Liu, F., and Wang, X. (2020). Novel ultrasonic-assisted vacuum drying technique for dehydrating garlic slices and predicting the quality properties by low field nuclear magnetic resonance. Food Chemistry, 306, 125625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125625
CR  - Clodoveo, M.L., Crupi, P., Muraglia, M., and Corbo, F. (2022). Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenols from ripe carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.): combined designs for screening and optimizing the processing parameters. Foods, 11(3), 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030284
CR  - Coelho, J.M.P., Johann, G., da Silva, E.A., Palú, F., and Vieira, M.G.A. (2021). Extraction of natural antioxidants from strawberry guava leaf by conventional and non-conventional techniques. Chemical Engineering Communications, 208(8), 1131-1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2020.1755658
CR  - Dias, M.C., Pinto, D.C.G.A., and Silva, A.M.S. (2021). Plant flavonoids: Chemical characteristics and biological activity. Molecules, 26(17), 5377. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175377
CR  - Freitas de Oliveira, C., Giordani, D., Lutckemier, R., Gurak, P.D., Cladera-Olivera, F., and Ferreira Marczak, L.D. (2016). Extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel assisted by ultrasound. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 71, 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.03.027
CR  - Fu, X., Wang, D., Belwal, T., Xie, J., Xu, Y., Li, L., Zou, L., Zhang, L., and Luo, Z. (2021). Natural deep eutectic solvent enhanced pulse-ultrasonication assisted extraction as a multi-stability protective and efficient green strategy to extract anthocyanin from blueberry pomace. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 144, 111220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111220
CR  - Kopustinskiene, D.M., Jakstas, V., Savickas, A., and Bernatoniene, J. (2020). Flavonoids as anti-cancer agents. Nutrients, 12(2), 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020457
CR  - Lama-Muñoz, A., and Contreras, M.D.M. (2022). Extraction systems and analytical techniques for food phenolic compounds: A review. Foods, 11(22), 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223671
CR  - Liao, J., Guo, Z., and Yu, G. (2021). Process intensification and kinetic studies of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoids from peanut shells. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 76, 105661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105661
CR  - Liga, S., Paul, C., and Péter, F. (2023). Flavonoids: Overview of biosynthesis, biological activity, and current extraction techniques. Plants, 12(14), 2732. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12142732
CR  - Lin, X., Wu, L., Wang, X., Yao, L., and Wang, L. (2021). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction for flavonoid compounds content and antioxidant activities of India Moringa oleifera L. leaves: Simultaneous optimization, HPLC characterization and comparison with other methods. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 20, 100284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100284
CR  - Mahindrakar, K.V., and Rathod, V.K. (2020). Ultrasonic assisted aqueous extraction of catechin and gallic acid from Syzygium cumini seed kernel and evaluation of total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity. Chemical Engineering and Processing-Process Intensification, 149, 107841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2020.107841
CR  - Mai, X., Liu, Y., Tang, X., Wang, L., Lin, Y., Zeng, H., Luo, L., Fan, H., and Li, P. (2020). Sequential extraction and enrichment of flavonoids from Euonymus alatus by ultrasonic-assisted polyethylene glycol-based extraction coupled to temperature-induced cloud point extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 66, 105073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105073
CR  - Medina-Torres, N., Ayora-Talavera, T., Espinosa-Andrews, H., Sánchez-Contreras, A., and Pacheco, N. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction for the recovery of phenolic compounds from vegetable sources. Agronomy, 7(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7030047
CR  - Mehta, D., Yadav, K., Chaturvedi, K., Shivhare, U.S., and Yadav, S.K. (2022). Impact of cold plasma on extraction of polyphenol from de-oiled rice and corn bran: Improvement in extraction efficiency, in vitro digestibility, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory responses. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 15(5), 1142-1156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02801-8
CR  - Mehta, N., Jeyapriya, S., Kumar, P., Verma, A.K., Umaraw, P., Khatkar, S.K., Khatkar, A.B., Pathak, D., Kaka, U., and Sazili, A.Q. (2022). Ultrasound-assisted extraction and the encapsulation of bioactive components for food applications. Foods, 11(19), 2973. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11192973
CR  - Muñiz-Márquez, D.B., Martínez-Ávila, G.C., Wong-Paz, J.E., Belmares-Cerda, R., Rodríguez-Herrera, R., and Aguilar, C.N. (2013). Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Laurus nobilis L. and their antioxidant activity. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 20(5), 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.02.008
CR  - Ozdemir, M., Gungor, V., Melikoglu, M., and Aydiner, C. (2024). Solvent selection and effect of extraction conditions on ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from galangal (Alpinia officinarum). Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 38, 100525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2023.100525
CR  - Pagano, I., Campone, L., Celano, R., Piccinelli, A.L., and Rastrelli, L. (2021). Green non-conventional techniques for the extraction of polyphenols from agricultural food by-products: A review. Journal of Chromatography A, 1651, 462295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462295
CR  - Pham, D.Q., Pham, H.T., Han, J.W., Nguyen, T.H., Nguyen, H.T., Nguyen, T.D., Nguyen, T.T.T., Ho, C.T., Pham, H.M., Vu, H.D., Choi, G.J., and Dang, Q.L. (2021). Extracts and metabolites derived from the leaves of Cassia alata L. exhibit in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. Industrial Crops and Products, 166, 113465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113465
CR  - Qian, J., Li, Y., Gao, J., He, Z., and Yi, S. (2020). The effect of ultrasound intensity on physicochemical properties of Chinese fir. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 64, 104985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.104985
CR  - Rao, M.V., Sengar, A.S., Sunil, C.K., and Rawson, A. (2021). Ultrasonication-A green technology extraction technique for spices: A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 116, 975-991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.006
CR  - Rodríguez De Luna, S.L., Ramírez-Garza, R.E., and Serna Saldívar, S.O. (2020). Environmentally friendly methods for flavonoid extraction from plant material: Impact of their operating conditions on yield and antioxidant properties. The Scientific World Journal, 2020, 6792069. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6792069
CR  - Sentkowska, A., Ivanova-Petropulos, V., and Pyrzynska, K. (2024). What can be done to get more-Extraction of phenolic compounds from plant materials. Food Analytical Methods, 17(4), 594-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-024-02594-w
CR  - Sim, Y.Y., Ong, W.T.J., and Nyam, K.L. (2019). Effect of various solvents on the pulsed ultrasonic assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Hibiscus cannabinus L. leaves. Industrial Crops and Products, 140, 111708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111708
CR  - Sridhar, A., Ponnuchamy, M., Kumar, P.S., Kapoor, A., Vo, D.V.N., and Prabhakar, S. (2021). Techniques and modeling of polyphenol extraction from food: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19, 3409-3443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01217-8
CR  - Stagos, D. (2020). Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic plant extracts. Antioxidants, 9(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010019
CR  - Tanase, C., Domokos, E., Coșarcă, S., Miklos, A., Imre, S., Domokos, J., and Dehelean, C.A. (2018). Study of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) bark. BioResources, 13(2), 2247-2267. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.13.2.2247-2267
CR  - Tiwari, B.K. (2015). Ultrasound: A clean, green extraction technology. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.013
CR  - Turker, I., and Isleroglu, H. (2021). Optimization of extraction conditions of bioactive compounds by ultrasonic-assisted extraction from artichoke wastes. Acta Chimica Slovenica, 68(3), 658-666. https://doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2021.6679
CR  - Wani, K.M., and Uppaluri, R.V. (2022). Efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive constituents from Psidium guajava leaves. Applied Food Research, 2(1), 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2022.100096
CR  - Wen, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Dzah, C.S., Zandile, M., Duan, Y., Ma, H., and Luo, X. (2018). Advances in ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from cash crops–A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 48, 538-549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.018
CR  - Yang, Q.Q., Gan, R.Y., Ge, Y.Y., Zhang, D., and Corke, H. (2019). Ultrasonic treatment increases extraction rate of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) antioxidants. Antioxidants, 8(4), 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8040083
CR  - Yu, M., Wang, B., Qi, Z., Xin, G., and Li, W. (2019). Response surface method was used to optimize the ultrasonic assisted extraction of flavonoids from Crinum asiaticum. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26(8), 2079-2084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.018
CR  - Yusoff, I.M., Taher, Z.M., Rahmat, Z., and Chua, L.S. (2022). A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Food Research International, 157, 111268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111268
CR  - Zahari, N.A.A.R., Chong, G.H., Abdullah, L.C., and Chua, B.L. (2020). Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process on thymol concentration from Plectranthus amboinicus leaves: Kinetic modeling and optimization. Processes, 8(3), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030322
CR  - Zhang, X., Zuo, Z., Yu, P., Li, T., Guang, M., Chen, Z., and Wang, L. (2021). Rice peptide nanoparticle as a bifunctional food-grade Pickering stabilizer prepared by ultrasonication: Structural characteristics, antioxidant activity, and emulsifying properties. Food Chemistry, 343, 128545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128545
UR  - https://doi.org/10.56833/gidaveyem.1713475
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4933058
ER  -