TY  - JOUR
T1  - YEREL FUTBOL KULÜPLERİNDE EKONOMİK ZORLUKLAR VE SPONSORLUK SÜRECİ: KÜÇÜK ÖLÇEKLİ BİR İNCELEME
TT  - ECONOMIC CHALLENGES AND SPONSORSHIP PROCESS IN LOCAL FOOTBALL CLUBS: A SMALL SCALE STUDY
AU  - Akoğlu, Halil Erdem
AU  - İnce, Uğur
AU  - Turhan, Fatih Harun
AU  - Balcı, Velittin
PY  - 2025
DA  - August
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.61962/bsd.1723733
JF  - Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi
JO  - BSD
PB  - Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1307-6477
SP  - 233
EP  - 248
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
LA  - tr
AB  - Bu araştırmanın amacı, küçük ölçekli spor kulüplerinin sponsorluk bulma süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları ekonomik, kurumsal ve iletişim temelli zorlukları ortaya koymak ve bu zorluklara karşı geliştirdikleri stratejileri incelemektir. Çalışma, kaynak bağımlılığı teorisi çerçevesinde yapılandırılmış olup, kulüplerin dış kaynaklara olan bağımlılıklarını ve bu bağımlılığı yönetme biçimlerini anlamaya odaklanmaktadır. Araştırma, nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından olgubilim desenine göre yürütülmüş ve Karabük ilinde faaliyet gösteren altı amatör futbol kulübü başkanıyla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiş, kodlar ve temalar aracılığıyla bulgular yapılandırılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları üç ana tema altında toplanmıştır: (1) Spor kulüplerinin yaşadıkları ekonomik zorluklar, (2) ekonomik zorluklarla başa çıkma stratejileri ve (3) sponsorların kulüplerden beklenti ve talepleri. Kulüplerin en temel ekonomik sorunları arasında sporcu giderleri, ulaşım ve malzeme temini öne çıkmaktadır. Bu sorunlarla başa çıkmak için sponsorluk arayışları, ikili ilişkiler, bağış toplama ve kulüp ismiyle yerel sahiplenmeyi artırma gibi stratejilere başvurulmaktadır. Sponsorlar ise sportif başarı, finansal şeffaflık, olumlu kamuoyu imajı ve sosyal medya görünürlüğü gibi unsurlara önem vermektedir. Çalışma, küçük ölçekli spor kulüplerinin sponsorluk süreçlerini anlamaya yönelik literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmakta ve yerel spor yapılarının sürdürülebilirliği açısından uygulayıcılara yol gösterici öneriler sunmaktadır.
KW  - Sponsorluk
KW  - Küçük İşletme
KW  - Futbol
KW  - Ekonomik Zorluk
N2  - The purpose of this study is to reveal the economic, institutional, and communication-based difficulties encountered by small-scale sports clubs in their sponsorship search processes and to examine the strategies they have developed to overcome these difficulties. The study is structured within the framework of resource dependency theory and focuses on understanding the clubs' dependence on external resources and how they manage this dependence. The research was conducted using a qualitative research approach based on the phenomenological design, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the presidents of six amateur football clubs operating in the province of Karabük. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using content analysis, and the findings were structured through codes and themes. The research findings were grouped under three main themes: (1) The economic difficulties faced by sports clubs, (2) strategies for coping with economic difficulties, and (3) sponsors' expectations and demands from clubs. Among the most fundamental economic problems faced by clubs are athlete expenses, transportation, and equipment procurement. To address these issues, clubs resort to strategies such as seeking sponsorships, building relationships, fundraising, and increasing local ownership through the club's name. Sponsors, on the other hand, prioritize factors such as athletic success, financial transparency, a positive public image, and social media visibility. This study fills a gap in the literature by examining the sponsorship processes of small-scale sports clubs and provides practical recommendations to enhance the sustainability of local sports structures.
CR  - 1.	Skinner J., Zakus D., Cowell J. (2008). Development through Sport: building social capital in disadvantaged communities. Sport Management Review. 11, 253-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3523(08)70112-8
CR  - 2.	Ivašković I. (2024). Non-profit sports clubs in (post)transitional Europe: A sustainable business strategy, the alternatives, and the role of stakeholders. Journal of East European Management Studies. 29(3), 516-539. https://doi.org/10.5771/0949-6181-2024-3-516
CR  - 3.	O’Brien J., Holden R., Ginesta X., Boyle R., Carvalho MJ., Solla S., Sellas T. (2020). Sport, globalisation and ıdentity. New Perspectives on Regions and Nation.
CR  - 4.	Tian M., Liu Z. (2021). Construction of the development model of youth sports clubs. Frontiers in Sport Research. 3(5). https://doi.org/10.25236/FSR.2021.030501
CR  - 5.	Hoye R., Smith AC., Nicholson M., Stewart B. (2018). Sport management: principles and applications. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351202190
CR  - 6.	Eime R., Payne W., Harvey J. (2008). Making sporting clubs healthy and welcoming environments: a strategy to increase participation. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 11(2), 146-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSAMS.2006.12.121
CR  - 7.	Hoye R., Smith AC., Nicholson M., Stewart B. (2015). Sport management: principles and applications. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315733371
CR  - 8.	Melović B., Rogić S., Cerović Smolović J., Dudić B., Greguš M. (2019). The impact of sport sponsorship perceptions and attitudes on purchasing decision of fans as consumers—relevance for promotion of corporate social responsibility and sustainable practices. Sustainability. 11(22), 6389. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226389
CR  - 9.	Elmose-Østerlund K., Seippel Ø., Llopis-Goig R., Van der Roest JW., Adler Zwahlen J., Nagel S. (2019). Social integration in sports clubs: ındividual and organisational factors in a european context. European Journal for Sport and Society. 16(3), 268-290.
CR  - 10.	Peachey JW., Cohen A., Shin N., Fusaro B. (2017). Challenges and strategies of building and sustaining inter-organizational partnerships in sport for development and peace. Sport Management Review. 21(2), 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SMR.2017.06.002
CR  - 11.	Kocet A. (2024). 8th FEB International Scientific Conference: Challenges in the Turbulent Economic Environment and Organizations’ Sustainable Development (Vols. 8). Univerzitetna založba Univerze v Mariboru. https://doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2024.59
CR  - 12.	Davies E. (2002). Sport in the city: Measuring economic significance at the local level. European Sport Management Quarterly. 2(2), 112-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184740208721915
CR  - 13.	Heere B., Wear H., Jones A., Breitbarth T., Xing X., Salcines JLP., ... Derom I. (2019). Inducing destination images among international audiences: The differing effects of promoting sport events on the destination image of a city around the world. Journal of Sport Management. 33(6), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0101
CR  - 14.	Roberts A., Roche N., Jones C., Munday M. (2016). What is the value of a Premier League football club to a regional economy? European Sport Management Quarterly. 16(5), 575-591.
CR  - 15.	Connor J., McEwen M. (2011). International development or white man’s burden? The IAAF’s regional development centres and regional sporting assistance. Sport in Society. 14(6), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2011.587295
CR  - 16.	Chen TC. (2025). Role of corporate social responsibility in the financial sustainability of sports organizations. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. 49(2-3), 196-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235251316639
CR  - 17.	Devecioğlu S., Çoban B., Karakaya YE., Karataş Ö. (2012). Türkiye’de spor kulüplerinin şirketleşmeye yönelimlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 10(2), 35-42.
CR  - 18.	Hindmarsh M. (2020). Sponsorship in Grassroots Football. https://doi.org/10.24377/LJMU.T.00013899
CR  - 19.	Söderman S. Demir, R., (2015). Strategic sponsoring in professional sport: a review and conceptualization. European Sport Management Quarterly. 15(3), 271-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1042000
CR  - 20.	Walzel S., Dick C., Brill M., Nowak G. (2024). Sustainability communications via sponsorship: Potential, characteristics and managerial challenges. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2904
CR  - 21.	Hills S., Walker M., Dixon M. (2019). The importance of theorizing social change in sport for development: A case study of magic bus in london. Journal of Sport Management, 33(5), 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0013
CR  - 22.	Shrivas S. (2024). Corporate Sponsorships and Arsenal F.C.'s Financial Evolution. International Journal of Advanced Research. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/19441
CR  - 23.	Farrelly F., Quester P., Clulow V. (2008). Exploring market orientation and satisfaction of partners in the sponsorship relationship. Australasian Marketing Journal, 16, 51- 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1441-3582(08)70014-4.
CR  - 24.	Wilson B., Stavros C., Westberg K. (2008). Player transgressions and the management of the sport sponsor relationship. Public Relations Review, 34(2), 99-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2008.03.012
CR  - 25.	Alonso Dos Santos M., Velasco Vizcaíno F., Pérez Campos C. (2019). The influence of patriotism and fans’ fulfilment of sponsorship activation in the sponsor’s image transfer process. Sport in Society, 23(2), 280–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2019.1619700
CR  - 26.	Aissa SAH., Matar A. (2016). The impact of sport sponsorship on brand value: Evidence from Algeria. Business and Economic Research, 6(1), 363-380.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i1.9453
CR  - 27.	Amis J., Slack T., Berrett T. (1999). Sport sponsorship as distinctive competence. European Journal of Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569910253044
CR  - 28.	Yang Y., Goldfarb A. (2015). Banning controversial sponsors: Understanding equilibrium outcomes when sports sponsorships are viewed as two-sided matches. Journal of Marketing Research, 52(5), 593-615. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmr.14.0225
CR  - 29.	Dolores L., Macchiaroli M., De Mare G. (2021). Sponsorship’s financial sustainability for cultural conservation and enhancement strategies: an innovative model for sponsees and sponsors. Sustainability, 13(16), 9070. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169070
CR  - 30.	Maldonado-Erazo CP., Durán-Sánchez A., Álvarez-García J., Del Río-Rama MDLC. (2019). Sports sponsorship: scientific coverage in academic journals. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 8(1), 163-186. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-03-2019-106
CR  - 31.	Chadwick S., Thwaites D. (2004). Advances in the management of sport sponsorship: Fact or fiction? Evidence from English professional soccer. Journal of General Management, 30(1), 39–60.
CR  - 32.	Farrelly F., Quester P., Burton R. (2006). Changes in sponsorship value: Competencies and capabilities of successful sponsorship relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 35(8), 1016-1026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2006.05.006
CR  - 33.	Naidenova I., Parshakov P., Chmykhov A. (2016). Does football sponsorship improve company performance?. European Sport Management Quarterly, 16(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1124900
CR  - 34.	Pfeffer J., Salancik GR. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc.
CR  - 35.	Febrianti D., Oktarini KW., Firza E. (2024). The external control of organization; A resource dependence perspective (The book review). Journal of Management, Entrepreneur and Cooperative, 3(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.56869/jmec.v3i1.534
CR  - 36.	Kurtuluş K. (2011). Araştırma Yöntemleri. Türkmen Kitabevi, İstanbul.
CR  - 37.	Groenewald T. (2004). A phenomenological research design ıllustrated. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 3, 42- 55. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690400300104.
CR  - 38.	Creswell JW. (2013). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (S. B. Demir, Çev.). Siyasal Kitabevi.
CR  - 39.	Patton MQ. (2014). Nitel Araştırma ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri. 3. Baskıdan Çeviri. Bütün, M. ve Demir, S. B. (Edt.). Pegem Akademi. Ankara
CR  - 40.	Yıldırım A., Şimşek H. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (12. Baskı). Seçkin YayıncılıkS. B. Demir). Eğiten Kitap.
CR  - 41.	Hillman AJ., Withers MC., Collins BJ. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206309343469
CR  - 42.	Froelich KA. (1999). Diversification of revenue strategies: Evolving resource dependence in nonprofit organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 28(3), 246–268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764099283002
CR  - 43.	Slack T., Parent MM. (2006). Understanding sport organizations: The application of organization theory. Human Kinetics.
CR  - 44.	Cornwell TB., Roy DP., Steinard EA. (2001). Exploring managers' perceptions of the impact of sponsorship on brand equity. Journal of Advertising, 30(2), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2001.10673636
CR  - 45.	Irwin RL., Asimakopoulos MK. (1992). An approach to the evaluation and selection of sport sponsorship proposals. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 1 (2), pp.43-51.
CR  - 46.	Chadwick S., Thwaites D. (2004). Advances in the management of sport sponsorship: fact or fiction? Evidence from Engliah professional soccer. The Journal of General Management, 30, 39-60.
CR  - 47.	Babiak K., Wolfe R. (2009). Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717–742. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.23.6.717
UR  - https://doi.org/10.61962/bsd.1723733
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4976519
ER  -