TY  - JOUR
T1  - Şehir içi toplu taşıma hizmetlerinin etkinlik değerlendirmesi: Mersin ili örneği
TT  - Evaluating the efficiancy of urban public transportation services: The case of Mersin
AU  - Cingöz, Kısmet
AU  - Demirci, Ayhan
PY  - 2025
DA  - September
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.30783/nevsosbilen.1724329
JF  - Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi
PB  - Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-3871
SP  - 1306
EP  - 1319
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
LA  - tr
AB  - Sürdürülebilirliğin üç boyutu olan ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal yönden önemli etkileri bulunan trafik sorununun çözümü için en fazla önerilen yöntem toplu taşıma kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması ve teşvik edilmesidir. Ancak toplu taşıma kullanımının arttırılması, yerel yönetimlerin ellerindeki kısıtlı kaynaklarla sunabildikleri hat sayısı ve sefer sıklığına bağlıdır. Bu da kaynakların etkin kullanımı ve yönetimiyle mümkündür. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, Mersin ilinin dört merkezî ilçesinde -Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar, Yenişehir- yerel yönetim tarafından 28 hat üzerinden sunulan toplu taşıma hizmetinin, hat bazında etkinlik değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, kâr amacından ziyade hizmet olarak sunulan toplu taşıma hatlarının etkinliklerinin belirlenmesinde girdi yönelimli ve ölçeğe göre sabit getiri yaklaşımıyla veri zarflama analizi kullanılmıştır. Frontier Analyst Application programı ile yapılan analizde; günlük sefer sayısı, durak sayısı, otobüs sayısı ve sefer aralıkları verileri girdi verileri, sefer süresi ve toplam mesafe verileri ise çıktı verileri olarak ele alınmıştır. Sadece sekiz hattın tam etkinlik skoruna ulaştığı belirlenen analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde diğer hatlar için etkinlik artırıcı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
KW  - Toplu Taşıma
KW  - Etkinlik
KW  - Veri Zarflama Analizi
N2  - The most recommended method for the solution of the traffic problem, which has important economic, environmental, and social effects, which are the three dimensions of sustainability, is to expand and encourage the use of public transportation. However, increasing the use of public transportation depends on the number of routes and the frequency of service that local governments can offer within the constraints of their limited resources. This is possible with the efficient use and management of resources.  In this study, the efficiency evaluation of the public transportation service, which is offered by the local government on 28 lines in four central districts – Akdeniz, Mezitli, Toroslar, Yenişehir- in Mersin, was made on a line basis. In this context, Data Envelopment Analysis with an input-oriented approach and constant returns to scale was employed to assess the efficiency of public transportation routes, which are provided as a service rather than for profit. In the analysis conducted with Frontier Analyst Application, the number of daily trips, frequency, number of stops, number of buses were considered inputs, while trips time, and total distance covered were treated as outputs. As a result, only eight lines were found to have achieved full efficiency scores, and efficiency-enhancing recommendations were proposed for the other lines.
CR  - Agarwal, S. (2016). Evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of public transport sector of india using dea approach. Data Envelopment Analysis and its Applications, 73-83.
CR  - Ali, I. A., & Lerme, C. S. (1997). Comparative advantage and disadvantage in DEA. Annals of Operations Research, 73(0), 215-232.
CR  - Bakırcı, F. (2006). Üretimde etkinlik ve verimlilik ölçümü, veri zarflama analizi, teori ve uygulama. Atlas Yayınları.
CR  - Banker, R. D., Charnes, A., & Cooper, W. W. (1984). Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis. Management science, 30(9), 1078-1092. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.9.1078
CR  - Bessent, A. M., & Bessent, E. W. (1980). Determining the comparative efficiency of schools through data envelopment analysis. Educational Administration Quarterly, 16(2), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X8001600207
CR  - Caulfield, B., Bailey, D., & Mullarkey, S. (2013). Using data envelopment analysis as a public transport project appraisal tool. Transport Policy, 29, 74-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2013.04.006
CR  - Chaabouni, S. (2019). China's regional tourism efficiency: A two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11, 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.09.002
CR  - Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W., Lewin, A.Y., & Seiford, L.M. (1997). Data envelopment analysis: Theory, methodology and application. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
CR  - Charnes, A., Cooper, W. W., & Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European journal of operational research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
CR  - Cingöz, K. (2021). Toplu taşıma araçlarını çizelgeleme problemine simülasyon modeli yaklaşımı: Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi örneği [Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi]. Mersin Üniversitesi.
CR  - Coelli, T. J. (1995). Recent developments in frontier modelling and efficiency measurement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 39(3), 219-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1995.tb00552.x
CR  - Cooper, W.W., Seiford, L.M., & Tone, K. (2006). Introduction to data envelopment analysis and its uses – with DEA-Solver software and references. Springer Science&Business Media, New York.
CR  - Daraio, C., Diana, M., Di Costa, F., Leporelli, C., Matteucci, G., & Nastasi, A. (2016). Efficiency and effectiveness in the urban public transport sector: A critical review with directions for future research. European Journal of Operational Research, 248(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.05.059
CR  - Demirci, A. (2018). Teori ve uygulamalarla veri zarflama analizi. Gazi Kitabevi.
CR  - Dhungana, B. R., Nuthall, P. L., & Nartea, G. V. (2004). Measuring the economic inefficiency of Nepalese rice farms using data envelopment analysis. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 48(2), 347-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2004.00243.x
CR  - Ergülen, A., Bolayır, B., Ünal, Z., & Harmankaya, İ. (2020). Covid-19 sürecinde Türkiye’nin etkinliğinin veri zarflama analizi ile değerlendirilmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 11(Ek): 275-286.
Farrell, M.J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General), 120(3): 253-290. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100
CR  - Golany, B., & Roll, Y. (1989). An Aplication procedure for DEA. International Journal of Management Science, 17 (3): 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(89)90029-7
CR  - Güner, S., Taşkın, K., & Gürler, G. (2017). Şehir içi toplu taşıma hatlarının hizmet etkinliğinin veri zarflama analizi ile ölçülmesi: özel ve kamu işletmelerinin karşılaştırılması. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi (JOBS), 5(3): 127-145. https://doi.org/ 10.22139/jobs.339869
CR  - Hansson, H. (2007). Strategy factors as drivers and restraints on dairy farm performance: Evidence from Sweden. Agricultural Systems, 94(3), 726-737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2007.03.002
CR  - Hawas, Y.E., Khan, M., & Basu, N., 2012. Evaluating and enhancing the operational per- formance of public bus systems using GIS-based data envelopment analysis. Journal of Public Transpprtation, 15 (2), 2. https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.15.2.2
CR  - Huang, W., Shuai, B., Sun, Y., Wang, Y., & Antwi, E. (2018). Using entropy-­ TOPSIS method to evaluate urban rail transit system operation performance: The China case. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 111, 292–­ 303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.03.025
CR  - Johnes, J. (2006). Data envelopment analysis and its application to the measurement of efficiency in higher education. Economics of Education Review, 25(3), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.02.005
CR  - Johnes, J., & Li, Y. U. (2008). Measuring the research performance of Chinese higher education institutions using data envelopment analysis. China Economic Review, 19(4), 679-696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2008.08.004
CR  - Lao, Y., & Liu, L. (2009). Performance evaluation of bus lines with data envelopment analysis and geographic information systems. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 33(4), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.01.005
CR  - Luo, X. (2003). Evaluating the profitability and marketability efficiency of large banks: An application of data envelopment analysis. Journal of Business Research, 56(8), 627-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00293-4
CR  - Mahmoudi, R., Emrouznejad, A., Shetab-Boushehri, S. N., & Hejazi, S. R. (2020). The origins, development and future directions of data envelopment analysis approach in transportation systems. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 69, 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2018.11.009
CR  - Mancebon, M. J., & Molinero, C. M. (2000). Performance in primary schools. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 51(7), 843-854. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600980
CR  - Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2023). Comparing the efficiency of technology and innovation of the EU and selected countries: The effects of EU framework programs. International Journal of Innovation - IJI, 11(2): 1-32. https://doi.org/10.5585/2023.23741
CR  - Manavgat, G., & Demirci, A. (2020). Decentralization matter of healthcare and effect on regional healthcare efficiency: evidence from Turkey. Sosyoekonomi, 28(44): 261-282. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2020.02.12
CR  - Markovits-Somogyi, R. (2011). Measuring efficiency in transport: the state of the art of applying data envelopment analysis. Transport, 26(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2011.555500
CR  - Masoumi, M., & Öcalır Akinal, E.V. (2018). Türkiye’deki kent içi raylı ulaşım sistemlerinin performanslarının veri zarflama analizi ile karşılaştırılması. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(4): 971-975. https://doi.org/ 10.2339/politeknik.39179
CR  - Melo, I. C., Junior, P. N. A., Perico, A. E., Guzman, M. G. S., & Rebelatto, D. A. D. N. (2018). Benchmarking freight transportation corridors and routes with data envelopment analysis (DEA). Benchmarking: An International Journal, 25(2), 713-742. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2016-0175
CR  - Naim, M. N. H., Adnan, M. S. G., Dewan, A., & Zannat, K. E. (2022). Assessing the performance of public transport services in a developing country: A case study using data envelopment analysis. Growth and Change, 53(1), 377-409. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12588
CR  - Nunamaker, T. R. (1983). Measuring routine nursing service efficiency: a comparison of cost per patient day and data envelopment analysis models. Health Services Research, 18(2 Pt 1), 183.
CR  - Paradi, J. C., Yang, Z., & Zhu, H. (2011). Assessing bank and bank branch performance: modeling considerations and approaches. In Handbook on data envelopment analysis (pp. 315-361). Boston, MA: Springer US.
CR  - Pedroso, G., Bermann, C., & Sanches-­ Pereira, A. (2018). Combining the functional unit concept and the analytic hierarchy process method for performance assessment of public transport options. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(4), 722–­ 736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.09.002
CR  - Ramanathan, R. (2003). An Introduction to data envelopment analysis – A tool for performance measurement. Sage Publications.
CR  - Rezaee, M.J., Izadbakhsh, H., & Yusefi, S. (2015). An improvement approach based on DEA-Game theory for comparison of operational and spatial efficiencies in urban transportation systems. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(4): 1526-1531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0345-9
CR  - Saatçioğlu, C., & Yaşarlar, Y. (2012). Kentiçi ulaşımda toplu taşımacılık sistemleri: İstanbul örneği. Kafkas Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(3). 117-144.
CR  - Sanchez, I.M.G., (2009). Technical and scale efficiency in spanish urban transport: estimating with data envelopment analysis. Advances in Operations Research, Volume: 2009: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/721279
CR  - Sherman, H. D., & Gold, F. (1985). Bank branch operating efficiency: Evaluation with data envelopment analysis. Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(2), 297-315.
CR  - Stoiljković, A., Marcikić Horvat, A., & Tomić, S. (2025). Assessing the tourism efficiency of european countries using data envelopment analysis: A sustainability approach. Sustainability, 17(4), 1493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041493
CR  - Tarudin, N. F., Sazalie, N. N., Adlan, M. A. A., & Abd Rashid, M. F. (2021, November). Assessing the Effectiveness of Using Cashless System for Public Transport Bus Service in Sub-Urban City. In 2021 IEEE 11th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET) (pp. 326-330). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSET53708.2021.9612529
CR  - Tomas, J., & Rahman, A. N. A. (2022, February). The effectiveness of public transport system. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering: TCCE 2021 (pp. 247-256). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
CR  - Wanke, P., Barros, C. P., & Figueiredo, O. (2016). Efficiency and productive slacks in urban transportation modes: A two-stage SDEA-Beta regression approach. Utilities Policy, 41, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2016.04.007
CR  - Wei, J., Xia, W., Guo, X., & Marinova, D. (2013). Urban transportation in Chinese cities: An efficiency assessment. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 23, 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.03.011
CR  - Worthington, A. C. (2004). Frontier efficiency measurement in health care: a review of empirical techniques and selected applications. Medical Care Research and Review, 61(2), 135-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558704263796
CR  - Wu, D., Li, H., & Wang, Y. (2023). Measuring sustainability and competitiveness of tourism destinations with data envelopment analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 31(6), 1315-1335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2022.2042699
CR  - Vaidya, O. S. (2014). Evaluating the performance of public urban transportation systems in India. Journal of Public Transportation, 17(4), 174-191. https://doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.17.4.10
CR  - Xu, T., You, J., Li, H., & Shao, L. (2020). Energy efficiency evaluation based on data envelopment analysis: A literature review. Energies, 13(14), 3548. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143548
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1724329
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4978948
ER  -