@article{article_1753840, title={Stages of Development of Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of Azerbaijan After Gaining Independence (1991–2003)}, journal={Akademik Tarih ve Düşünce Dergisi}, volume={12}, pages={662–682}, year={2025}, DOI={10.5281/zenodo.17697916}, author={əzizova, Mahirə}, keywords={Azerbaycan, Dış Politika, Diplomasi, Haydar Aliyev, Çok Yönlü İşbirliği}, abstract={The year 2023 marked the 32nd anniversary of Azerbaijan’s restoration of state independence. Having regained sovereignty twice in the 20th century — in 1918 and 1991 — Azerbaijan continues its long-standing statehood tradition. Over three decades, the country has evolved from a stagnant post-Soviet economy into the leading state of the South Caucasus and a reliable international partner. This study examines the transformation of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy and diplomacy between 1991 and 2003, focusing on the differing approaches of its presidents during this formative period. Drawing mainly on archival documents and official state decisions, it provides an analytical assessment of the evolution of Azerbaijan’s diplomatic course. The research highlights key stages in the establishment of an independent foreign policy, the consolidation of international legitimacy, and the development of multi-vector cooperation that positioned Azerbaijan as an influential actor in regional and global politics.}, number={5}, publisher={Hakan YILMAZ}