TY  - JOUR
T1  - Odaklanma: Gendlin’in Deneyimsel Fenomenolojisi ve Psikolojide Fenomenolojik Yöntem
TT  - FOCUSING: GENDLIN’S EXPERIENTIAL PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHOD IN PSYCHOLOGY
AU  - Aydın, Aysun
PY  - 2025
DA  - October
Y2  - 2025
JF  - Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
JO  - KFD
PB  - Mersin Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2148-9327
SP  - 302
EP  - 317
IS  - 2
LA  - tr
AB  - Eugene Gendlin, hem felsefe hem de psikoloji disiplinlerinde özgün fenomenolojik yaklaşımı ve geleneksel felsefe ve modern psikolojiye yönelik eleştirileri temelinde sunduğu kavramsal çerçevesi ile 20. Yüzyılın dikkat çeken düşünürlerinden biridir. Gendlin, Örtük Felsefe ve Deneyimsel Fenomenoloji olarak adlandırdığı yaklaşımını “olağan felsefi düzeni tersine çevirmek” şeklinde tanımlar. Düşünür geleneksel felsefenin kavramsal düşünme ve dilsel ifadelerden başlayan deneyim ve anlam kabulüne karşı, etkileşimsel bir bedenin deneyim sürecinden başlayan ve buradan ortaya çıkan bir anlam ve dil kabulü sunarak geleneksel yaklaşımın başlangıç noktasını tersine çevirir. İnsan yaşamının tüm öğelerinin, yaşama dair tüm bilginin, anlamın ve dilsel-kavramsal ifadelerin bedensel deneyimde örtük olarak içerildiğini iddia eden düşünür, bedensel deneyim odaklı bir felsefi soruşturma sunar. Öte yandan, bu felsefi soruşturmasını psikoloji alanına taşıyan ve deneyimsel bir terapi yöntemi olarak sunan Gendlin, Odaklanma adını verdiği bedensel deneyim ve süreç odaklı bir fenomenolojik terapi yöntemi tanımlar. Terapide danışanın bedensel deneyimleme sürecine odaklanan, değerleri ve anlamı şimdi ve burada yaşanan bedensel deneyimden çıkarsayan bu yöntem, geçmiş deneyimlere ve bilince odaklanan geleneksel terapi yöntemlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Gendlin’in bedensel deneyim ve örtük anlam temelindeki fenomenolojisini ve psikoloji disiplini ile kurduğu yöntemsel ilişkiyi araştırıp değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Düşünürün deneyimsel yaklaşımı, her iki disiplin için de özgün, tartışılmaya değer ve Türkçe literatüre kazandırılması bakımından önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır.
KW  - Eugene Gendlin
KW  - odaklanma
KW  - deneyim
KW  - beden
KW  - psikoloji
KW  - fenomenoloji
N2  - Eugene Gendlin is one of the most notable thinkers of the 20th century, known for his original phenomenological approach in both philosophy and psychology, and for the conceptual framework, he offers based on his critiques of traditional philosophy and modern psychology. He defines his approach, which he calls Implicit Philosophy and Experiential Phenomenology, as “a reversal of the usual philosophical order”. He reverses the starting point of the traditional approach by presenting a meaning and language acceptance that emerges in the experiential process of an interactive body, as opposed to the traditional philosophy's acceptance of experience and meaning based on conceptual thinking and linguistic expressions. Gendlin, who claims that all elements of human life, all knowledge about life, meaning, and linguistic-conceptual expressions are implicitly contained in bodily experience, presents a philosophical inquiry focused on bodily experience. On the other hand, Gendlin, who transfers this philosophical inquiry to the field of psychology and presents it as an experiential therapy method, offers a phenomenological therapy method focused on bodily experience and processes, which he calls Focusing. This method, which focuses on the client's bodily experiencing process in therapy and derives values and meaning from the bodily experience lived in here and now, differs from traditional therapy methods that focus on past experiences and consciousness. In this context, this study will investigate and evaluate Gendlin’s phenomenology based on bodily experience and implicit meaning and the methodological relationship he establishes with psychology. His experiential approach offers a unique, worthy of discussion, and significant contribution to both disciplines, particularly in terms of enriching the Turkish language literature.
CR  - Aydın, A. (2020). Örtük Felsefe: Eugene Gendlin ve Deneyimsel Fenomenolojisi. Kaygı (19) 2, 485-499.
CR  - Dewey, J. (1925). Experience and Nature, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1968). The Experiential Response. Use of Interpretation in Treatment içinde (208-227). United States of America: Grune & Stratton, Inc.,
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1969). Focusing. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice (6) 1, 4-15.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. & Olsen, L. (1970). The Use of Imagery in Experiential Focusing. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice (7) 4, 221-223.
CR  - Gendlin, E.T. (1973). Experiential phenomenology. M. Natanson (Ed.), Phenomenology and the Social Sciences içinde (281-319). Evanston: Northwestern University Press. https://focusing.org/gendlin/docs/gol_2101.html
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1981). Focusing. New York: Bantam Books.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1996a). Focusing-Oriented Psychotherapy-A Manuel of the Experiential Method. New York&London: The Guilford Press.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1996b). Making Concepts From Experience. Talk at the 1996 International Focusing Conference Gloucester, MA. https://focusing.org/gendlin/docs/gol_2154.html
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1997a). Experiencing and the Creation of Meaning-A Philosophical and Psychological Approach to the Subjective. United States of America: Northwestern University Press.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1997b). How Philosophy Cannot Appeal to Experience, and How It Can. David. M. Levin (Ed.), Language Beyond Postmodernism: Saying and Thinking in Gendlin's Philosophy içinde (3-42). Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (1999). Implicit Entry and Focusing. The Humanistic Psychologist (27) 1, 80-88.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (2004). The New Phenomenology of Carrying Forward. Continental Philosophy Review 37, 127–151.
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (2007). Focusing: The Body Speaks From the Inside. Talk given at the 18th Annual International Trauma Conference, Boston, MA, June 20-23. https://www.daf-focusing-akademie.com/media/the_body_speaks_from_the_inside.pdf
CR  - Gendlin, E. T. (2018). A Process Model. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
CR  - Harris, A. (2013) Gendlin and ecopsychology: focusing in nature, Person-Centered & Experiential 
Psychotherapies (12) 4, 330-343.
CR  - Ikemi, A. (2017). The radical impact of experiencing on psychotherapy theory: an examination of two kinds of crossings, Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies (16) 2, 159-172.
CR  - Morris, D. (2010). Empirical and Phenomenological Studies of Embodied Cognition. S. Gallagher & D. Schmicking (Ed.), Handbook of Phenomenology and Cognitive Science içinde (235-252). Dordrecht New York Heidelberg London: Springer.
CR  - Özkan, K. M. (2025). Deneysel Zihin Bilimleri ve Doğallaştırılmış Fenomenoloji. Felsefe Dünyası (81) 1, 108-131.
CR  - Puc, J. (2022). Felt Body as Myth and Reality: On the Bodily Dimension of Felt Sense. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 0, 1–19.
CR  - Sharma, R. (2011). Carrying Forward: Explicating Gendlin’s Experiential Phenomenological Philosophy and Its Influence on Humanistic Psychotherapy. Journal of Humanistic Psychology (51) 2, 172–194.
CR  - Young, D. C. (2013) Incongruencing. A Focusing-Oriented Approach, Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies (12) 3, 237-255.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kilikya/issue//1760436
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/5133083
ER  -