TY  - JOUR
T1  - TÜRKİYE'S RENEWABLE ENERGY LANDSCAPE: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS THROUGH SWOT AND PESTLE ANALYSIS
TT  - TÜRKİYE'NİN YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ GÖRÜNÜMÜ: SWOT VE PESTLE ANALİZİ İLE MEVCUT DURUM VE GELECEK BEKLENTİLERİ
AU  - Endiz, Mustafa Sacid
AU  - Coşgun, Atıl Emre
PY  - 2026
DA  - March
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.17780/ksujes.1768531
JF  - Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi
JO  - KSU J. Eng. Sci.
PB  - Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1309-1751
SP  - 94
EP  - 110
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Türkiye's strategic location in the Earth's sunbelt, along with its diverse geographical features, makes it a great place to harness renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass energy. At the end of 2024, Türkiye's renewable energy capacity reached approximately 68.5 GW, accounting for 59.4% of total capacity, reflecting an 8.5% growth compared to the previous year. During the same period, electricity production from renewable energy sources increased by 15.8% compared to the previous year, reaching 159.7 TWh, and accounted for 45.8% of total production. According to Türkiye's National Energy Plan, it is expected that by 2035, the share of renewable energy sources in total installed capacity will rise to 64.7%, reaching 122.7 GW, while the share of renewable energy in electricity generation will increase to 54.8%, accounting for 279.7 TWh. This paper explains the current state and future prospects of Türkiye’s renewable energy sector, employing SWOT and PESTLE analyses to provide a comprehensive assessment. With its abundant renewable resources, Türkiye has the potential to enhance energy security and sustainability by increasing the share of renewables in electricity production and reducing fossil fuel dependence.
KW  - Türkiye’s energy capacity
KW  - renewable energy
KW  - SWOT
KW  - PESTLE
KW  - sustainable development
N2  - Türkiye'nin dünyanın güneş kuşağında bulunan stratejik konumu ve çeşitli coğrafi özellikleri, hidroelektrik, rüzgar, güneş, jeotermal ve biyokütle enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından yararlanmak için ideal bir yer olmasını sağlamaktadır. 2024 yılı sonunda Türkiye'nin yenilenebilir enerji kapasitesi yaklaşık 68,5 GW’a ulaşmış ve toplam kapasitenin %59,4’ünü oluşturarak bir önceki yıla göre %8,5 artış göstermiştir. Aynı dönemde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından elektrik üretimi %15,8 artarak 159,7 TWh’ye ulaşmış ve toplam üretimin %45,8’ini oluşturmuştur. Türkiye Ulusal Enerji Planı’na göre, 2035 yılına kadar toplam kurulu kapasite içinde yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının payının %64,7’ye çıkarak 122,7 GW’a ulaşması, elektrik üretimindeki payının ise %54,8’e yükselerek 279,7 TWh olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma, SWOT ve PESTLE analizlerini kullanarak Türkiye'nin yenilenebilir enerji sektörünün mevcut durumunu ve gelecekteki gelişme potansiyelini kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmektedir. Türkiye, bol miktardaki yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları sayesinde elektrik üretiminde bu kaynakların payını artırarak enerji güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirliğini güçlendirme potansiyeline sahiptir.
CR  - Ağırkaya, M. B. (2022). Turkey ekonomik büyümesinde yenilenebilir enerji: mevcut durum, gelecek beklentileri, istihdam ve yatırım fırsatları. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 2327-2350. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1103005
CR  - Ahmad, T., & Zhang, D. (2020). A critical review of comparative global historical energy consumption and future demand: The story told so far. Energy Reports, 6, 1973-1991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.07.020
CR  - Akan, T. (2024). How central is renewable energy in economic systems? Journal of cleaner production, 470, 143345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143345
CR  - Artkın, F. (2018). The renewable energy sources and technologies of potential in Turkey. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(4), 285-295. https://izlik.org/JA27NU95FL
CR  - Azarpour, A., Suhaimi, S., Zahedi, G., & Bahadori, A. (2013). A review on the drawbacks of renewable energy as a promising energy source of the future. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 38, 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0436-6
CR  - Azni, M. A., Md Khalid, R., Hasran, U. A., & Kamarudin, S. K. (2023). Review of the effects of fossil fuels and the need for a hydrogen fuel cell policy in Malaysia. Sustainability, 15(5), 4033. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054033
CR  - Bilgili, F., Zarali, F., Ilgün, M. F., Dumrul, C., & Dumrul, Y. (2022). The evaluation of renewable energy alternatives for sustainable development in Turkey using intuitionistic fuzzy-TOPSIS method. Renewable Energy, 189, 1443-1458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31816-7
CR  - Bulut, U., & Muratoglu, G. (2018). Renewable energy in Turkey: Great potential, low but increasing utilization, and an empirical analysis on renewable energy-growth nexus. Energy Policy, 123, 240-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.057
CR  - Celik, A. N., & Özgür, E. (2020). Review of Turkey’s photovoltaic energy status: Legal structure, existing installed power and comparative analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 134, 110344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110344
CR  - Cesur, F., Taş, N., & Taş, M. (2024). A Decision-Making Model Proposal for the Use of Renewable Energy Technologies in Buildings in Turkey. Energies, 17(10), 2354. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17102354
CR  - Cetin, M., Ecevit, E., & Yucel, A. G. (2018). The impact of economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, and financial development on carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Turkey. Environmental science and pollution research, 25(36), 36589-36603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3526-5
CR  - Dindar, S. (2022). A comprehensive analysis of strategies, challenges and policies on Turkish sustainable energy development. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 231-250. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1132618
CR  - Doğan, H., & Uludağ, A. S. (2018). Yenilenebilir enerji alternatiflerinin değerlendirilmesi ve uygun tesis yeri seçimi: Turkey’de bir uygulama. Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 14(2), 157-180. https://izlik.org/JA66RJ64FF
CR  - Dumrul, C., Bilgili, F., Zarali, F., Dumrul, Y., & Kiliçarslan, Z. (2024). The evaluation of renewable energy alternatives in Turkey using intuitionistic-fuzzy EDAS methodology. Environmental science and pollution research, 31(10), 15503-15524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31816-7
CR  - Elektrik Piyasası Düzenleme Kurumu. (2025). Elektrik Piyasası Aylık Sektör Raporu Listesi. Retrieved from https://www.epdk.gov.tr/Detay/Icerik/3-0-23-3/elektrikaylik-sektor-raporlar
CR  - Erat, S., Telli, A., Ozkendir, O. M., & Demir, B. (2021). Turkey’s energy transition from fossil-based to renewable up to 2030: milestones, challenges and opportunities. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 23, 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01949-1
CR  - Erdil, A., & Erbıyık, H. (2015). Renewable energy sources of Turkey and assessment of sustainability. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 207, 669-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.10.137
CR  - Erdogdu, E. (2009). A snapshot of geothermal energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(9), 2535-2543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.020
CR  - Global Solar Atlas. (2019). Photovoltaic power potential of Turkey. Retrieved from https://globalsolaratlas.info/download/turkey
CR  - Gökmenoğlu, K., & Taspinar, N. (2016). The relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth and FDI: the case of Turkey. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 25(5), 706-723. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2015.1119876
CR  - Halkos, G. E., & Gkampoura, E.-C. (2020). Reviewing usage, potentials, and limitations of renewable energy sources. Energies, 13(11), 2906. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112906
CR  - Hassan, Q., Algburi, S., Sameen, A. Z., Al-Musawi, T. J., Al-Jiboory, A. K., Salman, H. M., . . . Jaszczur, M. (2024). A comprehensive review of international renewable energy growth. Energy and built environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2023.12.002
CR  - Hassan, Q., Viktor, P., Al-Musawi, T. J., Ali, B. M., Algburi, S., Alzoubi, H. M., . . . Jaszczur, M. (2024). The renewable energy role in the global energy Transformations. Renewable Energy Focus, 48, 100545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2024.100545
CR  - Hoang, A. T., Nižetić, S., Olcer, A. I., Ong, H. C., Chen, W.-H., Chong, C. T., . . . Nguyen, X. P. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy system and the shift progress to renewable energy: Opportunities, challenges, and policy implications. Energy Policy, 154, 112322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112322
CR  - İlkiliç, C. (2012). Wind energy and assessment of wind energy potential in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1165-1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.021
CR  - Jurasz, J., Canales, F., Kies, A., Guezgouz, M., & Beluco, A. (2020). A review on the complementarity of renewable energy sources: Concept, metrics, application and future research directions. Solar Energy, 195, 703-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.11.087
CR  - Karatop, B., Taşkan, B., & Adar, E. (2022). Determination of the focus strategies related to renewable energy for Turkey by using the fuzzy sectional SWOT. Journal of Intelligent Systems: Theory and Applications, 5(1), 42-56. https://doi.org/10.38016/jista.979582
CR  - Keleş, S., & Bilgen, S. (2012). Renewable energy sources in Turkey for climate change mitigation and energy sustainability. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(7), 5199-5206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.05.026
CR  - Kilickaplan, A., Bogdanov, D., Peker, O., Caldera, U., Aghahosseini, A., & Breyer, C. (2017). An energy transition pathway for Turkey to achieve 100% renewable energy powered electricity, desalination and non-energetic industrial gas demand sectors by 2050. Solar Energy, 158, 218-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.030
CR  - Klepacka, A. M. (2019). Significance of renewable energy sources in sustainable development. Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agrobusiness Economists, 21(1). https://rnseria.com/article/130852/en
CR  - Melikoglu, M. (2013a). Hydropower in Turkey: Analysis in the view of Vision 2023. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, 503-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.05.025
CR  - Melikoglu, M. (2013b). Vision 2023: Feasibility analysis of Turkey's renewable energy projection. Renewable Energy, 50, 570-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.032
CR  - Mineral Research and Exploration General Directorate. (2018). Turkey's Geothermal Energy Potential and Exploration Studies. Retrieved from https://www.mta.gov.tr/en/arastirmalar/jeotermal-enerji-arastirmalari
CR  - Mukhtarov, S., Yüksel, S., & Dinçer, H. (2022). The impact of financial development on renewable energy consumption: Evidence from Turkey. Renewable Energy, 187, 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.01.061
CR  - Ocal, O., & Aslan, A. (2013). Renewable energy consumption–economic growth nexus in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 28, 494-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.036
CR  - Osakede, U. A., Adigun, G. T., Dick-Tonye, A. O., Adeyemo, J. T., Olagunju, O. E., & Adenikinju, O. O. (2025). Carbon footprints and mortality in Africa: The role of renewable energy consumption. Journal of cleaner production, 492, 144872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144872
CR  - Our World in Data. (2024a). Per capita CO₂ emissions. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions
CR  - Our World in Data. (2024b). Per capita electricity generation from fossil fuels, nuclear and renewables. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/per-capita-electricity-fossil-nuclear-renewables?country=~OWID_WRL
CR  - Our World in Data. (2024c). Share of electricity production from renewable sources. Retrieved from https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-electricity-renewables
CR  - Ozdemir, Y. S. (2021). Evaluation of Renewable Energy Resources for Business Investments in Turkey by Using Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision-Making Methods. In Financial Ecosystem and Strategy in the Digital Era: Global Approaches and New Opportunities (pp. 193-216): Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72624-9
CR  - Ozturk, I., & Acaravci, A. (2010). CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 3220-3225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.005
CR  - Pamuk, N. (2024). Techno-economic feasibility analysis of grid configuration sizing for hybrid renewable energy system in Turkey using different optimization techniques. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(3), 102474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2023.102474
CR  - Panwar, N. L., Kaushik, S. C., & Kothari, S. (2011). Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), 1513-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.037
CR  - Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2007). Turkey’s Wind Energy Potential Atlas. Retrieved from https://repa.enerji.gov.tr/REPA/bolgeler/TURKIYE-GENELI.pdf
CR  - Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2024). Great Interest in 2035 Roadmap in Renewable Energy. Retrieved from https://enerji.gov.tr/news-detail?id=21410
CR  - Republic of Turkey Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. (2025). Electricity. Retrieved from https://enerji.gov.tr/infobank-energy-electricity
CR  - Sharma, A. K., Jaryal, S., Sharma, S., Dhyani, A., Tewari, B. S., & Mahato, N. (2025). Biofuels from Microalgae: A Review on Microalgae Cultivation, Biodiesel Production Techniques and Storage Stability. Processes, 13(2), 488. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020488
CR  - Strielkowski, W., Civín, L., Tarkhanova, E., Tvaronavičienė, M., & Petrenko, Y. (2021). Renewable energy in the sustainable development of electrical power sector: A review. Energies, 14(24), 8240. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248240
CR  - Tırmıkçı, C. A. (2021). Emerging Strategies for the Sustainable Development of Solar Energy Sector in Turkey: A SWOT Analysis. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-927841/v1
CR  - Toklu, E. (2013). Overview of potential and utilization of renewable energy sources in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 50, 456-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.035
CR  - Toklu, E. (2017). Biomass energy potential and utilization in Turkey. Renewable Energy, 107, 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.008
CR  - TRT World. (2024). Powering tomorrow: Turkey achieves milestone in renewable energy. Retrieved from https://www.trtworld.com/turkiye/powering-tomorrow-turkiye-achieves-milestone-in-renewable-energy-17171916
CR  - Tutar, H., & Atas, M. (2022). A review on turkey’s renewable energy potential and its usage problems. International journal of energy economics and policy, 12(4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.12876
CR  - Türkiye Elektrik İletim A.Ş. (2021). TEİAŞ Electricity Demand Forecasts. Retrieved from https://www.teias.gov.tr/ilgili-raporlar
CR  - Türkiye Elektrik İletim A.Ş. (2024). Turkey Elektrik Üretim-İletim İstatistikleri. Retrieved from https://www.teias.gov.tr/turkiye-elektrik-uretim-iletim-istatistikleri
CR  - U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2024). Electricity. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world
CR  - Uddin, R., Shaikh, A. J., Khan, H. R., Shirazi, M. A., Rashid, A., & Qazi, S. A. (2021). Renewable energy perspectives of Pakistan and Turkey: Current analysis and policy recommendations. Sustainability, 13(6), 3349. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063349
CR  - World Bank Group. (2024a). GDP (current US$) - Turkiye. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=TR
CR  - World Bank Group. (2024b). Population, total - Turkiye. Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=TR
UR  - https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1768531
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/5169465
ER  -