TY - JOUR T1 - Global Climate Policy Uncertainty and Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence from BIST Sectoral Indices TT - Küresel İklim Politikası Belirsizliği ve Pay Getirileri: BIST Sektör Endekslerinden Kanıtlar AU - Suyadal, Mehmetcan PY - 2025 DA - October Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.30784/epfad.1813815 JF - Ekonomi Politika ve Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi JO - EPF Journal PB - Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Derneği WT - DergiPark SN - 2587-151X SP - 216 EP - 234 VL - 10 IS - Özel Sayı LA - en AB - This study examines the impact of Global Climate Policy Uncertainty (GCPU) on stock market returns in Türkiye at the sectoral level. To this end, the study employs the weekly GCPU Index proposed by Ma et al. (2024) and data for the Borsa Istanbul stock indices covering the period 2000–2023. Quantile regression results reveal not only the extent to which sectors are affected by the global index, but also how climate policy uncertainty influences returns across different market conditions. GCPU exerts a positive and significant effect on energy-intensive electricity sector shares across most market states, whereas the same results emerge in other sectors under different market states. In technology shares, GCPU generates positive effects in lower quantiles (bearish market conditions), while in the chemical, financial, and industrial sectors, such effects emerge in higher quantiles (bullish market conditions). On the other hand, positive and significant relationships are found in the basic metal sector at the top quantile, while similar effects are seen for the services sector at the lowest quantile and middle quantiles. Overall, the results are expected to provide valuable insights for global and local climate-related regulators as well as investors and researchers. KW - Global Climate Policy Uncertainty KW - Stock Markets KW - Quantile Regression CR - Alharbey, M. and Ben-Salha, O. (2024). Does climate policy uncertainty predict renewable energy stocks? A quantile-based (a) symmetric causality analysis. Energy Strategy Reviews, 54, 101465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2024.101465 CR - Apergis, N., Gavriilidis, K. and Gupta, R. (2023). Does climate policy uncertainty affect tourism demand? Evidence from time-varying causality tests. Tourism Economics, 29(6), 1484-1498. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166221110540 CR - Ayed, S., Ben-Amar, W. and Arouri, M. (2024). Climate policy uncertainty and corporate dividends. Finance Research Letters, 60, 104948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104948 CR - Azimli, A. (2023). The impact of climate policy uncertainty on firm value: Does corporate social responsibility engagement matter? Finance Research Letters, 51, 103456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103456 CR - Baker, S.R., Bloom, N. and Davis, S.J. (2016). Measuring economic policy uncertainty. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4), 1593-1636. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw024 CR - Berestycki, C., Carattini, S., Dechezleprêtre, A. and Kruse, T. (2022). Measuring and assessing the effects of climate policy uncertainty (OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1724). https://doi.org/10.1787/34483d83-en CR - Cepni, O., Demirer, R. and Rognone, L. (2022). Hedging climate risks with green assets. Economics Letters, 212, 110312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110312 CR - Chen, J. and Wang, X. (2025). Climate policy uncertainty and the Chinese sectoral stock market: A multilayer network analysis. Economic Systems, 49(1), 101250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2024.101250 CR - Chen, Z., Zhang, L. and Weng, C. (2023). Does climate policy uncertainty affect Chinese stock market volatility? International Review of Economics & Finance, 84, 369-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2022.11.030 CR - Çelik, B.S. and Doğan, B.Ö. (2024). Does uncertainty in climate policy affect economic growth? Empirical evidence from the U.S. Ekonomika, 103(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.15388/Ekon.2024.103.1.3 CR - Di Tommaso, C., Foglia, M. and Pacelli, V. (2024). The impact of climate policy uncertainty on the Italian financial market. Finance Research Letters, 69, 106094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106094 CR - Ding, S., Wu, X., Cui, T., Goodell, J.W. and Du, A.M. (2025). Modeling climate policy uncertainty into cryptocurrency volatilities. International Review of Financial Analysis, 102, 104030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104030 CR - Doğan, B.Ö. (2023). The relationship between climate policy uncertainty and inflation: The case of the USA. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 675-687. https://doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1292370 CR - Eissa, M.A., Al Refai, H. and Chortareas, G. (2025). Climate policy uncertainty, geopolitical risk, oil volatility, and global food price volatility: A Time-varying analysis. Economic Modelling, 107272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107272 CR - Engle, R.F., Giglio, S., Kelly, B., Lee, H. and Stroebel, J. (2020). Hedging climate change news. The Review of Financial Studies, 33(3), 1184-1216. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz072 CR - Faccini, R., Matin, R. and Skiadopoulos, G. (2023). Dissecting climate risks: Are they reflected in stock prices? Journal of Banking & Finance, 155, 106948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.106948 CR - Fan, M., Mo, Z., Fu, H., Wu, T.H., Chen, Z. and He, Y. (2024). Does climate policy uncertainty matter for bank value? Economic Change and Restructuring, 57(2), 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-024-09651-8 CR - Fan, Y., Jia, J.J., Wang, X. and Xu, J.H. (2017). What policy adjustments in the EU ETS truly affected the carbon prices? Energy Policy, 103, 145-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.01.008 CR - Gavriilidis, K. (2021). Measuring climate policy uncertainty (SSRN Paper No. 3847388). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3847388 CR - Ghani, U., Zhu, B., Qin, Q. and Ghani, M. (2024). Forecasting US stock market volatility: Evidence from ESG and CPU indices. Finance Research Letters, 59, 104811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104811 CR - Guo-Rong, C.H.E.N., Su-Sa, W.A.N.G., Jing, D.E.N.G., Hao-Yi, H.O.U., Shu-Qi, Y.I.N., Wei, F.E.N. G. and Hao-Ze, Q.U. (2024). China climate policy uncertainty index: Construction, analysis and application prospects. Advances in Climate Change Research, 20(3), 361. https://doi.org/10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.034 CR - He, M. and Zhang, Y. (2022). Climate policy uncertainty and the stock return predictability of the oil industry. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 81, 101675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101675 CR - He, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y. and Wen, D. (2024). Modelling and forecasting crude oil price volatility with climate policy uncertainty. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03561-w CR - Huang, B., Punzi, M.T. and Wu, Y. (2021). Do banks price environmental transition risks? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 69, 101983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2021.101983 CR - Huang, T. and Sun, Z. (2024). Climate policy uncertainty and firm investment. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 29(4), 4358-4371. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2881 CR - Huang, T., Sun, Z. and Zhao, Z. (2025). Is climate policy uncertainty priced in China? Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-025-00475-8 CR - Ilgın, K.S. (2024). Analysis of the impact of climate policy and energy uncertainties on the stock exchange: The case of Türkiye and America. PressAcademia Procedia (PAP), 20, 34-40. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2024.1922 CR - Ilhan, E., Sautner, Z. and Vilkov, G. (2021). Carbon tail risk. The Review of Financial Studies, 34(3), 1540–1571. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa071. CR - Iqbal, N., Bouri, E., Shahzad, S.J.H. and Alsagr, N. (2024). Asymmetric impacts of Chinese climate policy uncertainty on Chinese asset prices. Energy Economics, 133, 107518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107518 CR - Irani, F., Athari, S.A. and Hadood, A.A.A. (2022). The impacts of country risk, global economic policy uncertainty, and macroeconomic factors on the Turkish tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 23(6), 1242-1265. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2021.1935393 CR - Lasisi, L., Omoke, P.C. and Salisu, A.A. (2024). Climate policy uncertainty and stock market volatility. Asian Economics Letters, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.46557/001c.37246 CR - Li, X. and Su, C.W. (2022). Does climate policy uncertainty matter for macroeconomic conditions? Evidence from China (SSRN Paper No. 4319781). Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=4319781 CR - Lian, Y., Li, J. and He, F. (2025). How does climate policy uncertainty affect banks loan loss provisions? Evidence from China. Managerial and Decision Economics, 46(5), 3039-3066. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4511 CR - Liang, C., Umar, M., Ma, F. and Huynh, T.L. (2022). Climate policy uncertainty and world renewable energy index volatility forecasting. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 182, 121810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121810 CR - Lin, B. and Zhao, H. (2023). Tracking policy uncertainty under climate change. Resources Policy, 83, 103699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103699 CR - Liu, G., Luo, K., Xu, P. and Zhang, S. (2023). Climate policy uncertainty and its impact on major grain futures. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104412 CR - Liu, W., Liu, Y., Wen, F. and Gong, X. (2025). Climate policy uncertainty and analyst earnings forecasts: Evidence from the Chinese energy sector. International Review of Financial Analysis, 100, 103960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2025.103960 CR - Lv, W. and Li, B. (2023). Climate policy uncertainty and stock market volatility: Evidence from different sectors. Finance Research Letters, 51, 103506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103506 CR - Ma, D., Zhang, D., Guo, K. and Ji, Q. (2024). 2000-2023 global climate policy uncertainty [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Global_Climate_Policy_Uncertainty_2000-2023_/24807627?file=49365187 Ma, D., Zhang, D., Guo, K. and Ji, Q. (2024). Coupling between global climate policy uncertainty and economic policy uncertainty. Finance Research Letters, 69, 106180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106180 CR - Ma, Y.R., Liu, Z., Ma, D., Zhai, P., Guo, K., Zhang, D. and Ji, Q. (2023). A news-based climate policy uncertainty index for China. Scientific Data, 10(1), 881. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02817-5 CR - Özkan, N. (2024). İklim politikası belirsizliğinin ve jeopolitik belirsizliğin BIST gıda ve içecek endeksi üzerine etkisi. Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 9(2), 198-209. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/joeep/ CR - Pijourlet, G. (2024). Climate policy uncertainty and US industry stock returns: A quantile regression approach. Economics Bulletin, 44(1), 182-189. Retrieved from https://www.accessecon.com/pubs/EB/ CR - Refinitiv. (2025). 2000-2023 Turkish stock market data [Dataset]. Retrieved from https://eikon.refinitiv.com/ CR - Ren, X., Li, J., He, F. and Lucey, B. (2023). Impact of climate policy uncertainty on traditional energy and green markets: Evidence from time-varying granger tests. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 173, 113058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.113058 CR - Ren, X., Zhang, X., Yan, C. and Gozgor, G. (2022). Climate policy uncertainty and firm-level total factor productivity: Evidence from China. Energy Economics, 113, 106209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106209 CR - Siddique, M.A., Nobanee, H., Hasan, M.B., Uddin, G.S., Hossain, M.N. and Park, D. (2023). How do energy markets react to climate policy uncertainty? Fossil vs. renewable and low-carbon energy assets. Energy Economics, 128, 107195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2023.107195 CR - Tedeschi, M., Foglia, M., Bouri, E. and Dai, P.F. (2024). How does climate policy uncertainty affect financial markets? Evidence from Europe. Economics Letters, 234, 111443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2023.111443 CR - Tran, V. (2025). Climate policy uncertainty and earnings management. Finance Research Letters, 71, 106393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.106393 CR - Treepongkaruna, S., Chan, K.F. and Malik, I. (2023). Climate policy uncertainty and the cross-section of stock returns. Finance Research Letters, 55, 103837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.103837 CR - Waldmann, E. (2018). Quantile regression: A short story on how and why. Statistical Modelling, 18(3-4), 203-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471082X1875914 CR - Xu, X., Huang, S., Lucey, B.M. and An, H. (2023). The impacts of climate policy uncertainty on stock markets: Comparison between China and the US. International Review of Financial Analysis, 88, 102671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102671 UR - https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.1813815 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/5376008 ER -