TY  - JOUR
TT  - ENERGY RECOVERY POTENTIAL FROM EXCESS PRESSURE in WATER SUPPLY and DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
AU  - Karadirek, I.Ethem
AU  - Kara, Selami
AU  - Ozen, Ozge
AU  - Gulaydin, Oguzhan
AU  - Bestas, Enes
AU  - Boyacilar, Mustafa
AU  - Muhammetoglu, Ayse
AU  - Gungor, Afsin
AU  - Muhammetoglu, Habib
PY  - 2016
DA  - June
DO  - 10.22531/muglajsci.269976
JF  - Mugla Journal of Science and Technology
JO  - MJST
PB  - Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-3596
SP  - 70
EP  - 76
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
KW  - İçme suyu iletim ve dağıtım sistemleri
KW  - yenilenebilir enerji
KW  - türbin
KW  - fazla su basıncının kırılması
N2  - Sustainability of water supply systems has started to become an important issue besides continuous and hygienic supply of water. Sustainable water supply systems require improvement of energy efficiency, reduction of energy and water losses in water distribution systems and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Pressure is one of the main design parameters for gravity water supply systems and water distribution networks. Therefore, pressure has to be between certain limits. An excess pressure occurs during water transmission from high elevations of water resources to low elevations. By use of break pressure tanks, water storage tanks or pressure reducing valves (PRV) excess pressure is reduced and damages on transmission pipes are prevented. However, energy recovery from excess pressure is possible at this stage by using turbines. Similarly, PRVs are used at certain locations of water distribution networks to control excess water pressure and to reduce it down to optimum operational levels. Energy recovery from excess pressure is also possible at this stage although energy recovery will be low. High pressure at water supply systems causes both energy and water losses. In Turkey, allowable water pressure at water distribution networks is between 20-60 m water column but excess pressure is commonly observed. At low pressure levels, water cannot reach water subscribers and this causes customer dissatisfaction. On the other side, at high pressure levels, water losses and pipe bursts increase which causes indirect increase in energy losses. For sustainable operation of water distribution networks, it is recommended to divide the network into smaller and independent subzones (District Metered Area, DMA). By placing a flow meter and a pressure meter at the entrance of a DMA, flow rate and pressure could be monitored on-line. However, in order to monitor spatial and temporal variations of flow rate and pressure at all pipes in the network, a hydraulic model is necessary. By using a hydraulic model, optimum operational pressure at each DMA of a network could be defined and excess pressure areas could be determined. Afterwards, suitable locations for energy recovery in the network can be estimated. In this study, existing applications for energy recovery from gravity water supply systems and water distribution networks are presented. Additionally, a pilot application of a Pump As Turbine in Antalya water distribution network is described for energy recovery form excess pressure.
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.22531/muglajsci.269976
L1  - http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/236473
ER  -