@article{article_310959, title={POISON TREATMENT}, journal={The Turkish Journal Of Occupational / Environmental Medicine and Safety}, volume={Volume 2}, pages={233–233}, year={2017}, author={Cumhur, Büşra}, keywords={POISON TREATMENT}, abstract={This article is to discuss therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin in medical fields. <o:p> </o:p> Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin which is produced by the gram (+) anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium botulinum). It was first discovered as the cause of systemic food poisoning  (botulism) in the late 19th century. <o:p> </o:p>  Botulinum is the most acutely lethal toxin known, with an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg intravenously or intramuscularly and 10–13 ng/kg when inhaled. Some food products such as honey can contain amounts of the bacteria. Botulism is nevertheless known to be transmitted through canned foods not cooked correctly before canning or after can opening, and so is preventable. <o:p> </o:p> Botulinum toxin has 7 subgroups (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). Nowadays A and B types are used in treatment. <o:p> </o:p> In December 1989 type A toxin was giving the license and approved by the Food and Drug administration and it has started being used widely to treat blepharospasm and strabismus. In December 2000 A and B types were approved to be used to treat cervical dystonia. As the effect of (efficacy) botulinum toxin was recognized by clinicians researches about it’s therapeutic effects have been made widely an as for now it’s used in a wide range of medical cases varying from smooth muscle diseases (gastrointestinal and genitourinary), different types at skeleton muscle diseases to cosmetics to treat wrinkles the cause of aging. <o:p> </o:p> <o:p>  </o:p> }, number={İssue 1 (1)}, publisher={Engin TUTKUN}