TY  - JOUR
TT  - The Relationship Between Religion and Politics in Contemporary Turkish Novel: The Case of ‘Kar’ Novel
AU  - Erdiç, Şaban
PY  - 2017
DA  - December
DO  - 10.18505/cuid.314334
JF  - Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi
JO  - CUID
PB  - Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2528-9861
SP  - 977
EP  - 1012
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
KW  - Çağdaş Türk romanı
KW  - Orhan Pamuk
KW  - Din
KW  - Siyaset
KW  - Kar
N2  - Abstract: This article focuses on therelationship between religion and politics in contemporary Turkish novel, basedon Orhan Pamuk’s novel Kar. The study aims to understand andexplain paradigms of religion-politics relations in Kar, which approaches Turkey’s recent religious and political debates with a literary fiction, and reflects howreligious and political cultures are reflected in Turkey in this frame. In thenovel, a new development momentum after 1980, and with the right, conservativeand Islamist circles that motivated politics more actively during the 1990s,the modernization that has not undergone in Turkey in a way, in fact, withinthe framework of the approach of the writer, the values of provincialrepresentatives in Turkey conflicts have been brought forward. In a postmodern perspective,the Kar shared important photographsof religion and politics at this stage of the modernization struggle betweenIslamist-secular, Eastern-Western conflicts. Finally, religion in the novel wasdominated ideologically by the instrumentalist of poverty and deprivation,rather than the character of preventing change according to its place. Politicsis described as more Jacobean and secular, and also as provincial in relationto modernization there.Summary: There is no doubt that literaturein the process of transition from the empire to the republic; the novel,especially as a Western product played an important role in the consciousnesslevel of modern Turkey. This literary influence, rather than pursuing a certainline, took place within two centuries of adventurous journey, generally inharmony with the periodical historical, social and political conditions of theTurkish society. In this context, the Turkish novel was seen as a means ofproducing different powers and ideologies, especially at the points reached bythe modernization in the last half century, while at the beginning adopting alegitimizing attitude to make politics more intense. But with it, as animportant element of the cultural system, religion has always been one of themain themes in the journey of the novel.The article dealswith the study of religion-politics relations in the contemporary Turkish novelin terms of sociology of religion. As an example of the study, Orhan Pamuk waschosen as the Snow novel, which made its first publication in 2002 and took thesubject of tense religious-political relations matched by the 1980s conditionsin Turkey with a broad cultural background. The aim of the study is tounderstand and explain the approach of the contemporary Turkish novel to religion-politicsrelations which always created a tension environment in Turkey. By making ahistorical comparison in this framework, the place of the Snow is glanced inthe politics and religion perception of the Turkish novel, Orhan Pamuk wasemphasized as a social personality and writer, and then different levels ofconsciousness constructed by the social events, phenomena and processes in thenovel have been evaluated from a phenomenological perspective.In this study, theSnow was regarded as a novel whose recent religion-politics relations of modernTurkey were treated with a postmodern allegory through different sets ofmeanings of religious and political cultures. In this regard, the Snow haspresented itself as a literary product, as well as a text that sheds light onthe fundamental problems of today’s religion-politics relations, which includedifferent levels of consciousness about the religious, political andideological knowledge of society. From here it can be said that the novel, inthe context of literature-society relations, has brought wealth from the oneside by organizing the events within the framework of the religious andpolitical values of the society while offering postmodern points of view tothese values from the other side. Finally, in the Snow, Pamuk realized aliterary expression on the basis of society of religion and politics relationsin Turkey. This expression, however, has not been independent of the religiousand political accumulation that has been transferred from the Ottoman to theRepublic, as well as the social personality that it shapes around aninstitutional baggage.Clearly, Pamukhas put a number of meanings in religion and politics and their relationship toeach other, sometimes through different characters, sometimes through irony andcriticism in the Snow. Around the postmodern paradigm, the Snow has presenteddifferent meanings worlds of religion and politics and the different images ofthese two old social institutions in a philosophical and sociologicalperspective. In other words, Pamuk deals with the novel’s event pattern, socialtypologies, social classes and their epistemological accumulations in theirnatural socioeconomic, cultural, religious and political environments. The Snowis fictionalized around an identity struggle shaped by the Islamist-modernistthriller. Here, although the individual-compromising aspects of religion andpolitics “Kemalist” and “Islamist” have emphasized the imperative, populistpolitical understandings and the exclusionary and ideological aspects ofreligion. Thus, the novel inspired by the military intervention on February 28,1997, shed light on the religious and political culture of Turkey, and finallyattracted significant photographs of the society, which are reflected on the meaningnetworks of religious and political institutions.In the Snow,religion and politics are based on the meanings of concepts such as “coup”,“Kemalism”, “political Islam”, “turban”, “Islamist”, “secular”. In the novel,the social and political images put forward in the context of “coup” carried anumber of symbols representing the last half-century of the Republic in the2000s. As a matter of fact, the coup that was taken on the novel was madeespecially against the “religious” who organized and strengthened around thesocioeconomic, cultural, political, religious and ethnic problems that occurredafter 1980. On the other hand, in the novel “Kemalism” and his ideology havebecome another important theme in which politics is evaluated in Turkey. Inthis context, in general terms, the view of the “Kemalism” and the militarybureaucracy on the public and its values have been presented in a Jacobean andelitist attitude, which restricts individual rights and freedoms to the state,with different categorical characteristics.In addition tostressing the characteristics of being a subclass of religion, compensating forthe deprivations and preventing social change in place, in the novel emphasizedthe fact that, with its coup, it gained a political, ideological, populist andinstrumental identity. As a matter of fact, girls with headscarves have beenseen as a symbolic case by political Islamists and they have made this case apolitical material. In the Snow, religion and politics are regarded as socialinstitutions that are separate and sometimes in conflict with each other, butalso the mutual relations between the two institutions in the context of theinterest relations of Sheikh Efendi and some bureaucrats. Thus, the novel alsopoints to the old relations of religion-politics relations in Turkey that findtheir place on the symbolic plane.The Snow, whichmanifested itself as a literary attitude against all kinds of political andreligious impositions have proposed for religion and politics a pluralisticview. This situation which can be regarded as new in terms of the Turkish novelhas in fact provided new universes for the reader about religious and politicalculture. However, the proposals and perspectives are not shaped independentlyof their own dynamics of religious and political cultures.
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.18505/cuid.314334
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/373227
ER  -