@article{article_321078, title={The effects of Brazilian tea (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis) and Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) seed meal on the growth and gonad development of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)}, journal={Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences}, volume={34}, pages={179–185}, year={2017}, DOI={10.12714/egejfas.2017.34.2.09}, url={https://izlik.org/JA56EK95GE}, author={Ekanem, Sunday Ben and Eyo, Victor Oscar and Okon, Esther Emmanuel}, keywords={Stachytarphetajamaicensis,Garcinia kola,growth,gonad development,fecundity,Clariasgariepinus}, abstract={<div style="border-top:solid 1pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid 1pt;border-right:none;padding:1pt 0cm 1pt 0cm;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;border:none;padding:0cm;"> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:8pt;font-family:’Arial Narrow’, sans-serif;" xml:lang="en-us">A 90-day study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of <i>Stachytarpheta jamaicensis </i>and <i>Garcinia
kola </i>seed meal on the growth and gonad development of the African catfish, <i>Clarias gariepinus </i>. Ninety
(90) fingerlings were stocked in nine rectangular concrete tanks (10 each)
labeled A <sub>l </sub>, A <sub>2 </sub>, A <sub>3 </sub>, B <sub>l </sub>, B <sub>2 </sub>,
B <sub>3 </sub>, C <sub>1 </sub>, C <sub>2 </sub> and C <sub>3 </sub> with a total
water volume of 887.04 m <sup>3 </sup>.Three isonitrogenous diets (A, B, and C)
with 40% crude protein including the control diet containing 0g of <i>S. jamaicensis </i>and 0g of <i>G. kola </i>meal, 70 of <i>S. jamaicensis </i>leaf meal and 35g of <i>G. kola </i>meal + 35g of <i>S.
jamaicensis </i>leaf meal in the feed were fed to the fish at 5% body weight.
Fish in A-series tanks were fed diet A, fish in B-series tanks were fed diet B
while fish in C-series tanks were fed diet C. Weight gain, length gain, SGR,
GR, and FCR were better in fish fed the diet A but not significantly different
(P>0.05) from fish fed diet B and diet C. Female GSI,  male and female gonad weight were better in
fish fed diet A but not significantly different (P>0.05) from fish fed diet
B and diet C. However, male GSI (1.39 ± 0.01) of fish fed the diet A was
significantly different (P<0.05) from male fish fed diet B (0.94 ± 0.15) and
diet C (0.95 ± 0.05). Fecundity of fish fed diet A (11,834 ± 1644eggs) was
significantly different (P<0.05) from fish fed diet B (6375 ± 995eggs) and
diet C (10,236 ± 896eggs). Histology of ovaries and testes of fish fed the
three experimental diets showed normal distribution of oocytes and testicular
cells. Our findings imply that the combination of <i>G. kola </i>seed meal and <i>S.jamaicensis </i> leaf meal in feed
negatively affects the growth, fecundity, and gonad development of <i>C.gariepinus </i>which can be detrimental to
aquaculture production. </span> </p> <p> </p> </div>}, number={2}