TY  - JOUR
TT  - Comparison of Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Turkey with Denmark, Hungary, and Portugal
AU  - Alkan, Muhammet Fatih
AU  - Kartal, Şefik
PY  - 2018
DA  - January
JF  - Turkish Online Journal of English Language Teaching
JO  - TOJELT
PB  - Ahmet Selçuk AKDEMİR
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2458-9918
SP  - 10
EP  - 23
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
KW  - teaching English as a foreign language
KW  - comparison of countries
KW  - Turkey
KW  - TOEFL
KW  - Europe
N2  - In this study, systems of teaching English as a foreign language in different countries were compared. The focus country was Turkey, which has low achievement in English. Other countries compared were Denmark, Hungary, and Portugal, which had considerably higher achievements in teaching English. The selection of these countries was based on the mean scores for five years of Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and Education First Proficiency Index. The study was designed as a qualitative research. The data related to targeted countries were gathered from the web sites of the studied countries’ education ministries and governments, curriculums, Eurydice and OECD resources, and published articles. The data was analyzed using document analysis technique. The comparisons were made in terms of general educational systems, aims and goals, content, teaching and learning process, and evaluation. As a result of the study, Turkey’s more centralist structure was observed among countries. Moreover, Turkey’s primary objective in primary school is the positive attitude towards English. Finally, the system in Turkey views the language as a combination of four skills while other countries emphasize the communicative aspect of language.
CR  - Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. California: Sage.
CR  - Çiftçi, S., Sünbül, A. M., & Köksal, O. (2013). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin yapılandırmacı yaklaşıma göre düzenlenmiş mevcut programa ilişkin yaklaşımlarının ve uygulamalarının değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 281-295.
CR  - Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender. (2016-a). Overview of the Danish Education System. Received from http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/General/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System
CR  - Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender. (2016-b). Upper Secondary Education. Received from http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Upper-secondary-education
CR  - Dinç, E., & Doğan, Y. (2010). İlköğretim ikinci kademe sosyal bilgiler öğretim programı ve uygulanması hakkında öğretmen görüşleri. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 1(1), 17-49.
CR  - Direção-Geral da Educação. (2012). Modalidades de Avaliação. Received from http://www.dge.mec.pt/modalidades-de-avaliacao
CR  - Direção-Geral da Educação. (2015). Avaliação. Received from http://www.dge.mec.pt/avaliacao-8 adresinden alındı
CR  - Education First. (2011). EF EPI English Proficiency Index.
CR  - Education First. (2012). EF English Proficiency Index.
CR  - Education First. (2013). EF English Proficiency Index.
CR  - Education First. (2014). EF English Proficiency Index.
CR  - Education First. (2015). EF English Proficiency Index.
CR  - European Union. (2016). Member countries of the EU. Received from http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/index_en.htm#goto_2
CR  - Eurydice. (2012). Hungary; Teaching and Learning in Single Structure Education. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Hungary:Teaching_and_Learning_in_Single_Structure_Education
CR  - Eurydice. (2014). Hungary; Organisation of the Education System and of its Structure. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Hungary:Organisation_of_the_Education_System_and_of_its_Structure
CR  - Eurydice. (2015-a). Turkey; Teaching and Learning in Single Structure Education. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Turkey:Teaching_and_Learning_in_Single_Structure_Education
CR  - Eurydice. (2015-b). Denmark; Teaching and Learning in Single Structure Education. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Denmark:Teaching_and_Learning_in_Single_Structure_Education
CR  - Eurydice. (2016-a). Denmark: Ovewiev. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Denmark:Overview
CR  - Eurydice. (2016-b). Portugal; Teaching and Learning in Single Structure Education. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Portugal:Teaching_and_Learning_in_Single_Structure_Education
CR  - Eurydice. (2016-c). Portugal; Teaching and Learning in General Upper Secondary Education. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Portugal:Teaching_and_Learning_in_General_Upper_Secondary_Education
CR  - Eurydice. (2016-d). Portugal; Organisation of the Education System and of its Structure. Received from https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Portugal:Organisation_of_the_Education_System_and_of_its_Structure
CR  - Karahan, F. (2007). Language attitudes of Turkish students towards the English language and its use in Turkish context. Journal of Arts and Sciences(7), 73-87.
CR  - Khan, I. A. (2016). Positive attitude and English language learning: Psycho-pedagogic connections. Arab World English Journal, 7(1), 432-444.
CR  - Kirkgoz, Y. (2007). English Language Teaching in Turkey: Policy Changes and their Implementations. Regional Language Centre Journal, 38(2), 216-228.
CR  - Kurt, T. (2006). Eğitim Yönetiminde Yerelleşme Eğilimi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 14(1), 61-72.
CR  - Ministeriet for Børn, Undervisning og Ligestilling. (2016). Timetal. Received from http://uvm.dk/Uddannelser/Folkeskolen/Fag-timetal-og-overgange/Timetal
CR  - Ministério Da Educação. (2001). Programa de Inglês Nível de Iniciação 10º, 11º e 12º Anos. Received from http://www.dge.mec.pt/sites/default/files/Secundario/Documentos/Documentos_Disciplinas_novo/Curso_Ciencias_Tecnologias/Linguas_Estrangeiras_I_II_III/ingles_inic_10_11_12.pdf
CR  - Ministério Da Educação. (2014-a). Metas Curriculares de Inglês. Received from http://ebsv.edu.azores.gov.pt/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/INGLES_1CEB.pdf
CR  - Ministério Da Educação. (2014-b). Programa De Inglés. Received from http://www.dge.mec.pt/sites/default/files/ficheiros/eb_ing_programa.pdf
CR  - Ministério Da Educação. (2014-c). Programa de Inglês 3.° Ciclo Le I. Received from http://www.dge.mec.pt/sites/default/files/ficheiros/eb_ing_programa_3c.pdf
CR  - Ministry of National Education. (2012). Genelge 2012/20. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Received from http://www.meb.gov.tr/haberler/2012/12YillikZorunluEgitimeYonelikGenelge.pdf
CR  - Ministry of National Education. (2013). İngilizce Dersi Öğretim Programı. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı. Received from http://ttkb.meb.gov.tr/program2.aspx
CR  - Ministry of National Education. (2014). Ortaöğretim İngilizce Dersi Öğretim Programı. Ankara: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı.
CR  - Mirici, İ. H. (2003). Ülkemizde neden İngilizce Ögretemiyoruz? Bilim Yolu(3), 377-386.
CR  - Nemzeti Erőforrás Minisztérium. (2002-a). Az Alapfokú Nevelés-Oktatás Első Szakasza. Received from http://www.nefmi.gov.hu/kozoktatas/tantervek/alapfoku-neveles
CR  - Nemzeti Erőforrás Minisztérium. (2002-b). Az Alapfokú Nevelés-Oktatás Második szakasza. Received from http://www.nefmi.gov.hu/kozoktatas/tantervek/alapfoku-neveles-090803-1
CR  - Nemzeti Erőforrás Minisztérium. (2002-c). Gimnázium. Received from http://www.nefmi.gov.hu/kozoktatas/tantervek/gimnazium
CR  - Nemzeti Erőforrás Minisztérium. (2007). 243/2003. (XII. 17.) Korm. rendelet a Nemzeti alaptanterv kiadásáról, bevezetéséről és alkalmazásáról. Nemzeti Erőforrás Minisztérium. http://www.nefmi.gov.hu/kozoktatas/tantervek/nemzeti-alaptanterv-nat
CR  - OECD. (2015). Education At A Glance 2015: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eag-2015-en
CR  - Paker, T. (2012). Türkiye’de Neden Yabancı Dil (İngilizce) Öğretemiyoruz ve Neden Öğrencilerimiz İletişim Kurabilecek Düzeyde İngilizce Öğrenemiyor? Pamukkale University Journal of Education, 32(11), 89-94.
CR  - Sadighi, F., & Zarafshan, M. (2006). Effects of attitude and motivation on the use of language learning strategies by Iranian EFL university students. Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities of Shiraz University, 23(1), 71-80.
CR  - Styrelsen For It Og Læring. (2016-a). Mundtlig kommunikation. Received from http://www.emu.dk/omraade/gsk-l%C3%A6rer/ffm/engelsk/10-klasse/mundtlig-kommunikation
CR  - Styrelsen For It Og Læring. (2016-b). Vejledning For Faget Engelsk. Received from http://www.emu.dk/modul/vejledning-faget-engelsk#afsnit-4-engelskfagets-kompetenceomraader
CR  - Szabó, I. (2008). Foreign language teaching in Primary Education in Hungary. Encuentro(17), 23-27.
CR  - TOEFL. (2010). Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL Internet-based and Paper-based Tests. Educational Testing Service.
CR  - TOEFL. (2011). Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL IBT Tests and TOEFL PBT Tests. Educational Testing Service.
CR  - TOEFL. (2012). Test and Score Data Summary for the TOEFL ITP Test. Educational Testing Service.
CR  - TOEFL. (2013). Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL iBT Tests. Educational Testing Service.
CR  - TOEFL. (2014). Test and Score Data Summary for the TOEFL ITP Test. Educational Testing Service.
CR  - TOEFL. (2015). Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL IBT Tests. Educational Testing Service.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tojelt/issue//331658
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/427443
ER  -