TY - JOUR TT - Gigahertz Channel Modeling for Wireless Sensor Networks Operating in LNG Environment AU - Akkaş, Mustafa Alper PY - 2017 DA - August Y2 - 2017 DO - 10.17482/uumfd.336405 JF - Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi JO - UUJFE PB - Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 2148-4155 SP - 75 EP - 84 VL - 22 IS - 2 KW - LNG KW - Telsiz Duyarga Ağları KW - Elektromanyetik Modelleme N2 - LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas)is a clear, colorless and non-toxic liquid which forms when natural gas iscooled to -162 ºC. The cooling process shrinks the volume of the gas 600 times,by this way making LNG easier and safer to store and ship. The density of LNGis around 0.46kg/liter, depending on pressure, temperature, andcomposition, compared to water at 1.0kg/liter. The lesser density of LNGis also an advantage for the propagation of the electromagnetic waves andcommunication of WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) in LNG medium. Then here inthis work LNG has analyzed according to path loss, multipath effect andproviding an evaluation about the Bit Error Rate (BER) of the modelled channeldepending on the LNG medium for WSNs. The propagation characteristics areinvestigated using a theoretical approach. The theoretical analysis and thesimulation results prove the feasibility of wireless communication about 10 mrange in the 10 GHz – 13 GHz band range in LNG medium. CR - Akkaş, M. A. ve Sokullu, R. (2015). Channel modeling and analysis for wireless underground sensor networks in water medium using electromagnetic waves in the 300–700 MHz range. Wireless Personal Communications, 84(2), 1449-1468. CR - Akkaş, M. A., Akyildiz, I. F. ve Sokullu, R. (2012, December). Terahertz channel modeling of underground sensor networks in oil reservoirs. In Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2012 IEEE (pp. 543-548). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/GLOCOM.2012.6503169. CR - Akyildiz, I. F., & Jornet, J. M. (2010). Electromagnetic wireless nanosensor networks. Nano Communication Networks, 1(1), 3-19. doi: 10.1016/j.nancom.2010.04.001. CR - Akyildiz, I. F., Sun, Z. ve Vuran, M. C. (2009). Signal propagation techniques for wireless underground communication networks. Physical Communication, 2(3), 167-183. doi: 10.1016/j.phycom.2009.03.004. CR - Cheng, D. K. (1989). Field and wave electromagnetics. Pearson Education India. CR - Elrashidi, A., Elleithy, A., Albogame, M. ve Elleithy, K. (2012, March). Underwater wireless sensor network communication using electromagnetic waves at resonance frequency 2.4 GHz. In Proceedings of the 15th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium (p. 13). Society for Computer Simulation International. CR - Gutierrez, G. ve Vincent, J. L. (Eds.). (2012). Tissue oxygen utilization (Vol. 12). Springer Science & Business Media. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-84169-9. CR - Jornet, J. M. ve Akyildiz, I. F. (2013). Fundamentals of electromagnetic nanonetworks in the terahertz band. Foundations and Trends® in Networking, 7(2-3), 77-233. doi: 10.1561/1300000045. CR - Li, L., Vuran, M. C. ve Akyildiz, I. F. (2007). Characteristics of underground channel for wireless underground sensor networks. Proc. Med-Hoc-Net’07. CR - Mao, G., Anderson, B. D. ve Fidan, B. (2007). Path loss exponent estimation for wireless sensor network localization. Computer Networks, 51(10), 2467-2483. doi: 10.1016/j.comnet.2006.11.007. CR - Paillou, P., Mitchell, K., Wall, S., Ruffié, G., Wood, C., Lorenz, R., ... & Encrenaz, P. (2008). Microwave dielectric constant of liquid hydrocarbons: Application to the depth estimation of Titan's lakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(5). doi: 10.1029/2007GL032515. CR - Remeljej, C. W. ve Hoadley, A. F. A. (2006). An exergy analysis of small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction processes. Energy, 31(12), 2005-2019. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2005.09.005. CR - Silva, A. R. (2010). Channel characterization for wireless underground sensor networks. CR - Silva, A. R. ve Vuran, M. C. (2009, June). Empirical evaluation of wireless underground-to-underground communication in wireless underground sensor networks. In International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (pp. 231-244). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-02085-8_17. CR - Vuran, M. C. ve Akyildiz, I. F. (2008, April). Cross-layer packet size optimization for wireless terrestrial, underwater, and underground sensor networks. In INFOCOM 2008. The 27th Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE (pp. 226-230). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/INFOCOM.2008.54. CR - Vuran, M. C. ve Akyildiz, I. F. (2010). Channel model and analysis for wireless underground sensor networks in soil medium. Physical Communication, 3(4), 245-254. doi: 10.1016/j.phycom.2010.07.001. CR - Zednik, J. J., Dunlavy, D. L. ve Scott, T. G. (2000). U.S. Patent No. 6,089,022. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. UR - https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.336405 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/338651 ER -