TY  - JOUR
T1  - SANAL GERÇEKLİK DEVRİMİ: HEMŞİRELİK EĞİTİMİNDE DEĞİŞEN TEKNOLOJİ
AU  - Erdem, Hatice
AU  - Sarı, Dilek
PY  - 2018
DA  - April
Y2  - 2018
JF  - Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi
JO  - EGEHFD
PB  - Ege Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-3463
SP  - 109
EP  - 117
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
LA  - tr
AB  - Başlık:SANALGERÇEKLİK DEVRİMİ: HEMŞİRELİK EĞİTİMİNDE DEĞİŞEN TEKNOLOJİÖzet:Sanalgerçeklik genellikle çeşitli bilgisayar ve aygıtları aracılığıyla üretilen üçboyutlu bir dünya olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sanal gerçeklik sağlıkçalışanlarının eğitimlerinde, alınan teorik bilginin uygulamaya aktarılması ileilgili yaşanan güçlüklerin çözüme ulaştırılması ve daha kısa sürede bir çoköğrenciye ulaşım imkanı sağlaması ile popüler hale gelmeye başlamıştır.Hastalara zarar vermemek, hataları en aza indirmek, etik ihlalleri önlemek,eğitiminin kalitesini artırmak, öğrencilerin uygulama etkinliğini arttırmak veeğitimle öğrencinin memnuniyetini sağlamak için simülasyon kullanımıgerekmektedir. Sanal gerçeklikleri sayesinde en karmaşık sağlık bakımortamlarını etkin bir şekilde canlandırabilmeleri bu tür eğitimlerin en güçlüözelliklerindendir. Liretatür incelendiğinde hemşirelik alanında nazotrekealaspirasyon, üriner kateterizasyon, İV kateterizasyon uygulamaları ve ağrıkontrolünde sanal gerçeklik simülatörlerinin kulanıldığı görülmektedir.Dolayısıyla risksiz bir ortamda klinik senaryoların sınırsız şekildeuygulanmasına izin vererek öğrencinin kaygısını azaltmayı ve kendine olangüvenini arttırmayı, klinik karar verme becerilerini geliştirmeyi ve öğrenciyeuygulama sonunda geribildirim vererek etkili öğrenmeyi sağlayan sanal gerçeklikhemşirelik eğitiminde yükselen bir değer olarak yer almaktadır.Anahtar kelimeler: Sanalgerçeklik, simülasyon, hemşirelik eğitimi.Destekleyen kurumlar:Kaynakça:AhlbergG, Hultcrantz R, Jaramillo E & et al. Virtual Reality Colonoscopy Simulation: A CompulsoryPractice For The Future Colonoscopist?. Endoscopy 2005; 37(12): 1198-1204. Albiol-Perez S, Gil-Gómez JA, Muñoz-Tomás MT & et al.The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’sDisease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System.Methods Inf Med2017; 56(2): 138-144.Alinier G,Hunt B, Gordon R & et al. Effectiveness Of İntermediate-Fidelity SimulationTraining Technology İn Undergraduate Nursing Education. J Adv Nurs. 2006;54(3): 359-369.Altun GP.Serebral Palsi’li Çocuklarda Sanal Gerçeklik Oyunlarının Üst EkstremiteFonksiyonları Üzerine Etkisi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2015Bayar K, Çadır G, Bayar B. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin KlinikUygulamaya Yönelik Düşünce ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi.TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin2009;8(1).BradleyP. The History of Simulation in Medical Education and Possible FutureDirections. Med Educ 2006; 40: 254-262.Cecil J,Gupta A,Pirela-Cruz M. An AdvancedSimulator For Orthopedic Surgical Training. IntJ Comput Assist Radiol Surg2018; 13(2): 305-319.ChangKKP, Chung JWY, Wong TKS. Learning Intravenous Cannulation: A Comparison Of TheConventional Method And The Cathsim Intravenous Training System. J Clin Nurs2002; 11(1): 73-78.ChoiKS. Virtual RealityinNursing:Nasogastric Tube Placement Training Simulator. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;245:1298.Coelho CM, Silva CF, Santos JA & et al. Contrasting The Effectiveness And Efficiency OfVirtual Reality And Real Environments İn The Treatment Of Acrophobia.PsychNology2008; 6(2): 203-216.FotheringhamD. Triangulation For The Assessment Of Clinical Nursing Skills: A Review OfTheory, Use And Methodology. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47: 386–391.GrantcharovTP, Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P & et al. Learning Curves And İmpact Of Previous Operative ExperienceOn Performance On A Virtual Reality Simulator To Test Laparoscopic SurgicalSkills. Am J Surg 2003;185(2):146-149. GündoğduH, Dikmen Y. Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Simülasyon: Sanal Gerçeklik Ve HaptikSistemler.J Hum Rhythm2017;3(4), 173-176.Herrmann MJ,Katzorke A,Busch Y& et al. Medial PrefrontalCortex Stimulation Accelerates Therapy Response Of Exposure Therapy İnAcrophobia. Brain Stimul 2017; 10(2):291-297.Hua Y,Qiu R,Yao WY & et al. The EffectOfVirtual RealityDistraction OnPainRelief DuringDressing Changes İn Children With Chronic Wounds On Lower Limbs. PainManagNurs.2015; 16(5): 685-691.İsmailoğluEG, Zaybak A. Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of A Virtual Simulator With APlastic Arm Model İn Teaching Intravenous Catheter Insertion Skills. ComputInform Nurs 2018;36(2): 98-105.Jamison RJ,Hovancsek MT, Clochesy JM. A Pilot Study Assessing Simulation Using TwoSimulation Methods For Teaching İntravenous Cannulation. Clinical Simulation inNursing 2006; 2(1): 9-12. Jamison RJ, Hovancsek MT, Clochesy JM. A Pilot StudyAssessing Simulation Using Two Simulation Methods For Teaching IntravenousCannulation.Clinical Simulationin Nursing 2006; 2(1):9-12.JasineviciusTR, Landers M, Nelson S & et al.An Evaluation Of Two Dental Simulation Systems: Virtual Reality VersusContemporary Non-Computer-Assisted.JDent Educ 2004; 68(11):1151-1162.Jenson CE, Forsyth DM. Virtual Reality Simulation: UsingThree-Dimensional Technology To Teach Nursing Students.Comput Inform Nurs2012; 30(6): 312-318.Jöud A,Sandholm A, Alseby L & et al. FeasibilityOf A Computerized Male Urethral Catheterization Simulator. Nurse Educ Pract2010; 10: 70-75. Jun L, WonJong K, AnnaS & et al. An Intravenous InjectionSimulator using Augmented Reality for Veterinary Education and its Evaluation2012. Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2018 Erişim adresi: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2410000/2407524/p31-lee.pdf?ip=155.223.64.100&id=2407524&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=956257EA1AE17323%2E7DF4DC657CAA076A%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&__acm__=1520709775_919f63bd4af0f8a86fe82fecee2355bb Doi:10.1145/2407516.2407524Jung EY, ParkDK, Lee YH & et al. Evaluation OfPractical Exercises Using An İntravenous Simulator İncorporating VirtualReality And Haptics Device Technologies. Nurse Educ Today 2012; 32(4): 458-463.Karaöz S. HemşirelikteKlinik Öğretime Genel Bir Bakış Ve Etkin Klinik Öğretim İçin Öneriler.Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003; 1: 15-21.KayabasıY. Sanal Gerçeklik Ve Eğitim Amaçlı Kullanılması. TOJET 2005; 4(3): 151-158.KhalifaYM, Bogorad D, Gibson V & et al. Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology Training.Surv Ophthalmol 2006; 51(3): 259-270.KhorshıdL, Eşer İ, Sarı D & et al. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde İnvaziv Ve İnvazivOlmayan İşlemleri Yapmaya Bağlı Korku Semptom Ve Belirtilerinin İncelenmesi.Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002; 5(2).KnollT, Trojan L, Haecker A &et al.Validation Of Computer‐Based Training İnUreterorenoscopy. BJU Int 2005; 95(9): 1276-1279. Koçak Ö, Demirel T,Karakuş T ve ark. Sanal Dünyalarda Kullanılan Öğretim Stratejileri, Yöntemlerive Teknikleri. e-Kafkas Üniversitesi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2016; 3(2): 40-51.Loukas C, Nikiteas N, Kanakis M & et al. AVirtual Reality Simulation Curriculum For İntravenous CannulationTraining.Acad Emerg Med2010;17(10): 1142-1145.McGaghieWC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER & et al. A Critical Review of Simulation-BasedMedical Education Research: 2003-2009. Med Educ 2010; 44: 50-63.MevlütoğluA. Uçuş Eğitiminde Simülatörler. (Erişim tarihi:10.02.2018) Erişim adresi: http://www1.mmo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/53c2460013df1fa_ek.pdf?dergi=1320Mıdık Ö, Kartal M. Simülasyona Dayalı Tıp Eğitimi[Simulation-Based Medical Education]. Marmara Medical Journal 2010;23(3):389-399.O’Shea E. Self-DirectedLearning İn Nursing Education: A Review Of The Literature. J Adv Nurs 2003;43(1): 62-70. ParkJ, MacRae H, Musselman LJ & et al.. Randomized Controlled Trial Of VirtualReality Simulator Training: Transfer To Live Patients. Am J Surg 2007; 194(2):205-211. Ravi DK, Kumar N, Singhi P. Effectiveness Of Virtual RealityRehabilitation For Children And Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: An UpdatedEvidence-Based Systematic Review.Physiotherapy2017;103(3): 245-258.Reyes SD,Stillsmoking K, Chadwick-Hopkins D. Implementation And Evaluation Of A VirtualSimulator System: Teaching İntravenous Skills. Clinical Simulation in Nursing2008; 4(1): 43-49. ReznekM, Harter P, Krummel, T. Virtual Reality And Simulation: Training The FutureEmergency Physician. Acad Emerg Med 2002; 9(1): 78-87.SarıkoçG. Sağlık Çalışanlarının EğitimindeSanal Gerçekliğin Kullanımı. HEAD2016; 13(1): 11-15.Sarmasoğlu Ş, Dinç L, Elçin M. HemşirelikÖğrencilerinin Klinik BeceriEğitimlerinde Kullanılan Standart Hasta ve Maketlere İlişkin Görüşleri. KUHEAD 2016; 13(2): 107-115.Scapin SQ,Echevarría-GuaniloME,Fuculo, PRB&et al. Use Of Virtual Reality For Treating Burned Children: Case Reports. RevBras Enferm 2017;70(6): 1291-1295.SilversteinJC, Dech F, Edison M & et al.Virtual Reality: İmmersive Hepatic Surgery Educational Environment.Surgery 2002; 132(2): 274-277.Small C,Stone R,Pilsbury J &et al. VirtualRestorative Environment Therapy As An AdjunctToPainControl During Burn Dressing Changes: Study Protocol For ARandomised Controlled Trial. Trials2015; 16: 329.Şendir M, Coşkun EY.Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Teknolojik Bir Adım: IMventro-sim. JAREN 2016;2(2):103-108.ŞendirM, Doğan P. Hemşirelik EğitimindeSimülasyonun Kullanımı: Sistematikİnceleme. F.N.Hem. Derg 2015;23(1): 49-56.Tashjian VC,Mosadeghi S,Howard AR& et al. VirtualRealityfor Management of Pain in Hospitalized Patients: Results of aControlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health2017;4(1): 9.Thomsen ASS, Bach-Holm D, Kjærbo H &et al. Operating Room PerformanceImproves after Proficiency-Based Virtual Reality Cataract SurgeryTraining.Ophthalmology2017; 124(4): 524-531.TsaiW, Fung C, Tsai S &et al. The Assessment Of Stability And Reliability Of A VirtualReality-Based İntravenous İnjection Simulator. Comput Inform Nurs 2008; 26(4):221-226. UzunÖ. Diş Hekimliğinde Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim (BDE): Sanal Gerçek HastaSimulatörleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006;9(2): 138-143. Vaughana N, Dubeya VN,Wainwright TW & et al. A Review Of Virtual Reality Based TrainingSimulators For Orthopaedic Surgery. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38(2): 59–71.Vega-MedinaL, Perez-Gutierrez B, Tibamoso G & et al. VR Central Venous Access Simulation System ForNewborns. İEEE 2014: 121-122.Vidal VL,Ohaeri BM, John P & et al. Virtual Reality And The Traditional Method ForPhlebotomy Training Among College Of Nursing Students İn Kuwait: ImplicationsFor Nursing Education And Practice. J Infus Nurs 2013; 36(5): 349-355.WattersonJD, Beiko DT, Kuan JK &et al.A Randomized Prospective Blinded Study Validating Acquistion Of UreteroscopySkills Using A Computer Based Virtual Reality Endourological Simulator. J Urol2002; 168(5): 1928-1932. WiederholdBK. The Potential For Virtual Reality To İmprove Health Care. 2006. (Erisim Tarihi:10.12.2017). Erişim adresi: http://www.iactor.eu/downloads/WP%20The%20Potential%20for%20VR%20to%20Improve%20Healthcare.pdfWilfong DN, FalsettiDJ, McKinnon JL & et al. The Effects Of Virtual Intravenous And PatientSimulator Training Compared To The Traditional Approach Of Teaching Nurses: AResearch Project On Peripheral IV Catheter Insertion.J Infus Nurs2011; 34 (1): 55-62. ZivA, Small SD, Wolpe PR. Patient Safety And Simulation-Based Medical Education.Med Teach 2000; 22(5): 489-495.
KW  - Sanal gerçeklik
KW  - simülasyon
KW  - hemşirelik eğitimi
CR  - Ahlberg G, Hultcrantz R, Jaramillo E & et al. Virtual Reality Colonoscopy Simulation: A Compulsory Practice For The Future Colonoscopist?. Endoscopy 2005; 37(12): 1198-1204.
CR  - Albiol-Perez S, Gil-Gómez JA, Muñoz-Tomás MT & et al. The Effect of Balance Training on Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Using a Virtual Rehabilitation System. Methods Inf Med 2017; 56(2): 138-144.
CR  - Alinier G, Hunt B, Gordon R & et al. Effectiveness Of İntermediate-Fidelity Simulation Training Technology İn Undergraduate Nursing Education. J Adv Nurs. 2006; 54(3): 359-369.
CR  - Altun GP. Serebral Palsi’li Çocuklarda Sanal Gerçeklik Oyunlarının Üst Ekstremite Fonksiyonları Üzerine Etkisi Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, 2015
CR  - Bayar K, Çadır G, Bayar B. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Klinik Uygulamaya Yönelik Düşünce ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2009; 8(1).
CR  - Bradley P. The History of Simulation in Medical Education and Possible Future Directions. Med Educ 2006; 40: 254-262.
CR  - Cecil J, Gupta A, Pirela-Cruz M. An Advanced Simulator For Orthopedic Surgical Training. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2018; 13(2): 305-319.
CR  - Chang KKP, Chung JWY, Wong TKS. Learning Intravenous Cannulation: A Comparison Of The Conventional Method And The Cathsim Intravenous Training System. J Clin Nurs 2002; 11(1): 73-78.
CR  - Choi KS. Virtual Reality in Nursing: Nasogastric Tube Placement Training Simulator. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;245:1298.
CR  - Coelho CM, Silva CF, Santos JA & et al. Contrasting The Effectiveness And Efficiency Of Virtual Reality And Real Environments İn The Treatment Of Acrophobia. PsychNology 2008; 6(2): 203-216.
CR  - Fotheringham D. Triangulation For The Assessment Of Clinical Nursing Skills: A Review Of Theory, Use And Methodology. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 47: 386–391.
CR  - Grantcharov TP, Bardram L, Funch-Jensen P & et al. Learning Curves And İmpact Of Previous Operative Experience On Performance On A Virtual Reality Simulator To Test Laparoscopic Surgical Skills. Am J Surg 2003;185(2):146-149.
CR  - Gündoğdu H, Dikmen Y. Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Simülasyon: Sanal Gerçeklik Ve Haptik Sistemler. J Hum Rhythm 2017; 3(4), 173-176.
CR  - Herrmann MJ, Katzorke A, Busch Y & et al. Medial Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Accelerates Therapy Response Of Exposure Therapy İn Acrophobia. Brain Stimul 2017; 10(2):291-297.
CR  - Hua Y, Qiu R, Yao WY & et al. The Effect Of Virtual Reality Distraction On Pain Relief During Dressing Changes İn Children With Chronic Wounds On Lower Limbs. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015; 16(5): 685-691.
CR  - İsmailoğlu EG, Zaybak A. Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of A Virtual Simulator With A Plastic Arm Model İn Teaching Intravenous Catheter Insertion Skills. Comput Inform Nurs 2018;36(2): 98-105.
CR  - Jamison RJ, Hovancsek MT, Clochesy JM. A Pilot Study Assessing Simulation Using Two Simulation Methods For Teaching İntravenous Cannulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2006; 2(1): 9-12.
CR  - Jamison RJ, Hovancsek MT, Clochesy JM. A Pilot Study Assessing Simulation Using Two Simulation Methods For Teaching Intravenous Cannulation. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2006; 2(1): 9-12.
CR  - Jasinevicius TR, Landers M, Nelson S & et al. An Evaluation Of Two Dental Simulation Systems: Virtual Reality Versus Contemporary Non-Computer-Assisted. J Dent Educ 2004; 68(11): 1151-1162.
CR  - Jenson CE, Forsyth DM. Virtual Reality Simulation: Using Three-Dimensional Technology To Teach Nursing Students. Comput Inform Nurs 2012; 30(6): 312-318.
CR  - Jöud A, Sandholm A, Alseby L & et al. Feasibility Of A Computerized Male Urethral Catheterization Simulator. Nurse Educ Pract 2010; 10: 70-75.
CR  - Jun L, WonJong K, Anna S & et al. An Intravenous Injection Simulator using Augmented Reality for Veterinary Education and its Evaluation 2012. Erişim tarihi: 15.02.2018 Erişim adresi: http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2410000/2407524/p31-lee.pdf?ip=155.223.64.100&id=2407524&acc=ACTIVE%20SERVICE&key=956257EA1AE17323%2E7DF4DC657CAA076A%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35%2E4D4702B0C3E38B35&__acm__=1520709775_919f63bd4af0f8a86fe82fecee2355bb  Doi:10.1145/2407516.2407524
CR  - Jung EY, Park DK, Lee YH  & et al. Evaluation Of Practical Exercises Using An İntravenous Simulator İncorporating Virtual Reality And Haptics Device Technologies. Nurse Educ Today 2012; 32(4): 458-463.
CR  - Karaöz S. Hemşirelikte Klinik Öğretime Genel Bir Bakış Ve Etkin Klinik Öğretim İçin Öneriler. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi 2003; 1: 15-21.
CR  - Kayabası Y. Sanal Gerçeklik Ve Eğitim Amaçlı Kullanılması. TOJET 2005; 4(3): 151-158.
CR  - Khalifa YM, Bogorad D, Gibson V & et al. Virtual Reality in Ophthalmology Training. Surv Ophthalmol 2006; 51(3): 259-270.
CR  - Khorshıd L, Eşer İ, Sarı D & et al. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde İnvaziv Ve İnvaziv Olmayan İşlemleri Yapmaya Bağlı Korku Semptom Ve Belirtilerinin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi 2002; 5(2).
CR  - Knoll T, Trojan L, Haecker A & et al. Validation Of Computer‐Based Training İn Ureterorenoscopy. BJU Int 2005; 95(9): 1276-1279.
CR  - Koçak Ö, Demirel T, Karakuş T ve ark. Sanal Dünyalarda Kullanılan Öğretim Stratejileri, Yöntemleri ve Teknikleri. e-Kafkas Üniversitesi Araştırmaları Dergisi 2016; 3(2): 40-51.
CR  - Loukas C, Nikiteas N, Kanakis M & et al. A Virtual Reality Simulation Curriculum For İntravenous Cannulation Training. Acad Emerg Med 2010; 17(10): 1142-1145.
CR  - McGaghie WC, Issenberg SB, Petrusa ER & et al. A Critical Review of Simulation-Based Medical Education Research: 2003-2009. Med Educ 2010; 44: 50-63.
CR  - Mevlütoğlu A. Uçuş Eğitiminde Simülatörler. (Erişim tarihi:10.02.2018) Erişim adresi: http://www1.mmo.org.tr/resimler/dosya_ekler/53c2460013df1fa_ek.pdf?dergi=1320
CR  - Mıdık Ö, Kartal M. Simülasyona Dayalı Tıp Eğitimi [Simulation-Based Medical Education]. Marmara Medical Journal 2010; 23(3):389-399.
CR  - O’Shea E. Self-Directed Learning İn Nursing Education: A Review Of The Literature. J Adv Nurs 2003; 43(1): 62-70.
CR  - Park J, MacRae H, Musselman LJ & et al.. Randomized Controlled Trial Of Virtual Reality Simulator Training: Transfer To Live Patients. Am J Surg 2007; 194(2): 205-211.
CR  - Ravi DK, Kumar N, Singhi P. Effectiveness Of Virtual Reality Rehabilitation For Children And Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: An Updated Evidence-Based Systematic Review. Physiotherapy 2017; 103(3): 245-258.
CR  - Reyes SD, Stillsmoking K, Chadwick-Hopkins D. Implementation And Evaluation Of A Virtual Simulator System: Teaching İntravenous Skills. Clinical Simulation in Nursing 2008; 4(1): 43-49.
CR  - Reznek M, Harter P, Krummel, T. Virtual Reality And Simulation: Training The Future Emergency Physician. Acad Emerg Med 2002; 9(1): 78-87.
CR  - Sarıkoç G. Sağlık Çalışanlarının Eğitiminde Sanal Gerçekliğin Kullanımı. HEAD 2016; 13(1): 11-15.
CR  - Sarmasoğlu Ş, Dinç L, Elçin M. Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Klinik Beceri Eğitimlerinde Kullanılan Standart Hasta ve Maketlere İlişkin Görüşleri. KUHEAD 2016; 13(2): 107-115.
CR  - Scapin SQ, Echevarría-Guanilo ME, Fuculo, PRB & et al. Use Of Virtual Reality For Treating Burned Children: Case Reports. Rev Bras Enferm 2017;70(6): 1291-1295.
CR  - Silverstein JC, Dech F, Edison M & et al.  Virtual Reality: İmmersive Hepatic Surgery Educational Environment. Surgery 2002; 132(2): 274-277.
CR  - Small C, Stone R, Pilsbury J & et al. Virtual Restorative Environment Therapy As An Adjunct To Pain Control During Burn Dressing Changes: Study Protocol For ARandomised Controlled Trial. Trials 2015; 16: 329.
CR  - Şendir M, Coşkun EY. Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Teknolojik Bir Adım: IMventro-sim. JAREN 2016;2(2): 103-108.
CR  - Şendir M, Doğan P. Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Simülasyonun Kullanımı: Sistematik İnceleme. F.N.Hem. Derg 2015; 23(1): 49-56.
CR  - Tashjian VC, Mosadeghi S, Howard AR & et al. Virtual Reality for Management of Pain in Hospitalized Patients: Results of a Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4(1): 9.
CR  - Thomsen ASS, Bach-Holm D, Kjærbo H & et al. Operating Room Performance Improves after Proficiency-Based Virtual Reality Cataract Surgery Training. Ophthalmology 2017; 124(4): 524-531.
CR  - Tsai W, Fung C, Tsai S & et al. The Assessment Of Stability And Reliability Of A Virtual Reality-Based İntravenous İnjection Simulator. Comput Inform Nurs 2008; 26(4): 221-226.
CR  - Uzun Ö. Diş Hekimliğinde Bilgisayar Destekli Eğitim (BDE): Sanal Gerçek Hasta Simulatörleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006; 9(2): 138-143.
CR  - Vaughana N, Dubeya VN, Wainwright TW & et al. A Review Of Virtual Reality Based Training Simulators For Orthopaedic Surgery. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38(2): 59–71.
CR  - Vega-Medina L, Perez-Gutierrez B, Tibamoso G & et al. VR Central Venous Access Simulation System For Newborns. İEEE 2014: 121-122.
CR  - Vidal VL, Ohaeri BM, John P & et al. Virtual Reality And The Traditional Method For Phlebotomy Training Among College Of Nursing Students İn Kuwait: Implications For Nursing Education And Practice. J Infus Nurs 2013; 36(5): 349-355.
CR  - Watterson JD, Beiko DT, Kuan JK & et al. A Randomized Prospective Blinded Study Validating Acquistion Of Ureteroscopy Skills Using A Computer Based Virtual Reality Endourological Simulator. J Urol 2002; 168(5): 1928-1932.
CR  - Wiederhold BK. The Potential For Virtual Reality To İmprove Health Care. 2006. (Erisim Tarihi: 10.12.2017). Erişim adresi: http://www.iactor.eu/downloads/WP%20The%20Potential%20for%20VR%20to%20Improve%20Healthcare.pdf
CR  - Wilfong DN, Falsetti DJ, McKinnon JL & et al. The Effects Of Virtual Intravenous And Patient Simulator Training Compared To The Traditional Approach Of Teaching Nurses: A Research Project On Peripheral IV Catheter Insertion. J Infus Nurs 2011; 34 (1): 55-62.
CR  - Ziv A, Small SD, Wolpe PR. Patient Safety And Simulation-Based Medical Education. Med Teach 2000; 22(5): 489-495.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/egehemsire/issue//406988
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/463928
ER  -