TY  - JOUR
T1  - URBAN SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY IRAN
TT  - URBAN SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT IN CONTEMPORARY IRAN
AU  - Shafıee, Mahmood
PY  - 2017
DA  - June
JF  - İnönü Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
JO  - INIJOSS
PB  - İnönü Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2147-0936
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - In Iran, despite the emergence of national andinternational commercial forces in the second half of the nineteenth century,they were not able to play their historical role in the sense that theycouldn't transform the agricultural society into an industrial capitalism dueto both external and internal obstacles. In the second half of the nineteenthcentury, after all-encompassing influence of the west (Russia and the UnitedKingdom) in Iran that put Iran a semi-colonial condition, there appeared newareas for growth and comprehensive development. Within this historical context,the new commercial forces of Iran emerged. Iranian businessmen following theirwestern counterparts ignored the local trade and turned to business in nationaland international spheres. Nevertheless, this socio-economic force couldn'tplay its historical role. In other words, it couldn't transform Iran into a newsocially, economically and politically developed country. So, due to domesticdespotism and foreign colonialism, Iran couldn’t move towards capitalism anddemocracy. 
KW  - Dependent urban system
KW  - Merchant forces
KW  - Despotism
KW  - Colonialism
N2  - In Iran, despite the emergence of national andinternational commercial forces in the second half of the nineteenth century,they were not able to play their historical role in the sense that theycouldn't transform the agricultural society into an industrial capitalism dueto both external and internal obstacles. In the second half of the nineteenthcentury, after all-encompassing influence of the west (Russia and the UnitedKingdom) in Iran that put Iran a semi-colonial condition, there appeared newareas for growth and comprehensive development. Within this historical context,the new commercial forces of Iran emerged. Iranian businessmen following theirwestern counterparts ignored the local trade and turned to business in nationaland international spheres. Nevertheless, this socio-economic force couldn'tplay its historical role. In other words, it couldn't transform Iran into a newsocially, economically and politically developed country. So, due to domesticdespotism and foreign colonialism, Iran couldn’t move towards capitalism anddemocracy. 
CR  - SOURCES
-Helfgott, L. M., "Tribalism as a Socioeconomic Formation in Iranian History" Iranian Studies, Vol. X. 1977 (Nos 1-2, Winter-spring 1977).
-Issawi, C., (1991), the Economic History of Iran, 1800-1914, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
-Kuznetsova, N.A., "Urban Industry in Persia during the 18th. And early 19th. Centuries" in Central Asiatic Review, VoL. XI, No.3. 1963, pp. 308-21.
-Loeffler, Reinhold; "Tribal order and the State: The Political Organization of Boir Ahmad",Iranian Studies, Vol. XI (1978)
-Picot, H., "Biographical Notices of Members of the Royal Family, Noables, Merchants, and Clergy" F.O. 881/7028, 1897(London: Foreign Office, December)
-Reid, J., "The Qajar Uymaq in the Safavid Period, 1500-1722",Iran studies,Vol. XI, 1978.
-Smith Jr. John M., "Turanian Nomadism and Iranian Politics",Iranian Studies. Vol. XI, 1978.
PERSIAN SOURCES
Ashraf, A., (1980), Mavanee Roşde Sermayedari der İran, (1. Baskı), Zemine, Tahran.
Ashraf, A., “VijegihayeTarikhiyeŞehrneşini Der İran: Doreye Kacar”, Nameye Ulume Ejtemaeei, Yaz 1975, (4).
Etemad-ol Saltaneh, M. H.,(1969). Habnameh, Tehuri, Tahran.
Etemad-ol Saltaneh, M. H., (1966).Hatirate Etemad- olSataneh, Mokademe ve Feharesaz İrac Avşar, Amir Kebir, Tahran.
Etemad-ol Saltaneh, M. H., (1927). El- Moser ve-l Asar, (3. Baskı), Cape Sangi, Tahran.
Seyyah, H.S., (1967), HatirateHacSeyyah, be Koşeşe Hamid Seyyah, Bi Na (YayınEviBelirsiz), Tahran.
Shamim, A.A., (1934), İran der DoreyeSaltaneteKacar, Elmi, Tahran.
Fesaeei, H.T., (1934), FarsnameyeNaseri, (2. Cilit), Bi Na,Eşraki, Tahran.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/inijoss/issue//427699
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/479004
ER  -