TY - JOUR T1 - Use of Stance Lexical Bundles by Turkish and Japanese EFL Learners and Native English Speakers in Academic Writing TT - Tutum Sözcük Örüntülerinin İngilizceyi Yabancı Dil Olarak Öğrenen Türk ve Japon Öğrenciler ve İngilizce Anadil Konuşucuları Tarafından Akademik Yazımda Kullanımı AU - Muşlu, Meltem PY - 2018 DA - September Y2 - 2018 DO - 10.21547/jss.444386 JF - Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi JO - GAUN-JSS PB - Gaziantep Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1303-0094 SP - 1319 EP - 1336 VL - 17 IS - 4 LA - en AB - Linguistshave been interested in the sequences of words that tend to occur for a longtime. The present study examines a particular type of recurrent chunks calledlexical bundles (LB). LBs are multi-word expressions and an important componentof the fluent linguistic production depends on the control of them (Hyland,2008a). The purpose of this study was to find out the most common stance LBsused in argumentative essays written by native English speakers and Turkish andJapanese EFL learners. It also aimed at finding the structural and functionalcharacteristics of these bundles, and to what extent these structures used bythe Turkish and Japanese EFL learners are similar to the ones used by thenative speakers. To answer these questions, Louvain Corpus of Native EnglishEssays (LOCNESS), Japanese International Corpus of Learner English (JPICLE) andTurkish International Corpus of Learner English (TICLE) were used. Thestructures of the stance LBs were determined by following Biber’s (2006)classification and the functions were determined by adapting theirclassification. The concordancing program WordSmith was used to find anddetermine the 3-4 word stance LBs. In the statistical analysis, Type-tokenratio and Log Likelihood were used. The results showed that native speakers uselexical bundles least; whereas, Japanese EFL learners use them most frequently.The functions and the structures of LBs vary in each group. Suggestionsregarding how to teach these devices in foreign language education were alsogiven. KW - Lexical bundles KW - Corpus Linguistics KW - stance KW - Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis KW - academic writing KW - Turkish and Japanese EFL learners N2 - Dilbilimcileruzun zamandan beri bir arada olma eğiliminde olan ardışık kelimeleriincelemektedirler. Bu çalışmada sözcük örüntüsü denilen ve sürekli tekrar edenbelirli bir kelime grubu incelenmektedir. Sözcük örüntüsü, ‘küme’ ya da ‘yığın’da denilen birkaç kelimenin yan yana gelmesi ile oluşan kelime gruplarıdır vedili akıcı bir şekilde kullanmanın önemli bir bölümü bu yapılara hakim olmaktangeçer (Hyland, 2008a). Bu çalışma, anadili İngilizce olan ve İngilizce’yi yabancıdil olarak öğrenen Türk ve Japon öğrenciler tarafından tartışma türündeyazılmış kompozisyonlarda en çok kullanılan ‘tutum sözcük örüntüleri’ni (TSÖ)bulmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma aynı zamanda, bu kelime grubunun yapısal veişlevsel olarak hangi özellikleri gösterdiğini ve bu özelliklerin anadiliİngilizce olan ve İngilizce’yi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen öğrenciler arasındanasıl bir farklılık gösterdiğini bulmayı hedeflemiştir. Bu amaçlara ulaşmakiçin veri toplama aracı olarakLouvain Corpus of Native English Essays(LOCNESS), Japanese International Corpus of Learner English (JPICLE) ve TurkishInternational Corpus of Learner English (TICLE)kullanılmıştır.Tutum sözcük örüntüleriyapısal ve işlevsel olarak analizedilirkenBiber’in (2006) sınıflandırması takip edilmiş ancak busınıflandırma çıkan sonuçlara göre adapte edilmiştir. 3-4 kelimeden oluşansözcük örüntülerini bulmak için WordSmith programı kullanılmştır. 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