@article{article_492959, title={Effects of diazepam on biotester organisms}, journal={Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life}, volume={1}, pages={1–6}, year={2018}, url={https://izlik.org/JA95NR98GS}, author={Verginica, Schröder and Irina Mihaela, İancu and Pavalache, Georgata}, keywords={diazepam,aquatic crustacean,Gammarus}, abstract={<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14.2pt;"> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">Benzodiazepines are the most
prescribed pharmaceuticals as depresses of the nervous system. Among these, the
group of  benzodiazepines with special relevance to diazepam, is the most
extensively studied as potential environmental contaminants. Diazepam has been
detected in WWTP originating from hospitals as well as in effluents from
municipal WWTP plants. </span> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14.2pt;"> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">The purpose of the
present study is to identify whether the diazepam solutions generate any
effects at tested specie and from what concentrations these were recorded at
crustaceans organism. <i>  </i>The adults of  <i>Gammarus pulex
balcanicus </i> (Crustacea Amphipoda) were tested according to <i>  </i>GamTox
protocol for aquatic toxicity. </span> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14.2pt;"> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">Diazepam injectable
solutions (5 mg/mL) were purchased from Terapia SA.Cluj Napoca, Romania. For
testing, four dilutions were used: 1 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20
µg/mL.  </span> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">The behavior and mortality were evaluated at 12, 24,
36, 48, 72 hours from start. </span> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14.2pt;"> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">The lethal effects (30 %) were
presented in the first 12 hours of the exposure at 20  </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">µg/mL at diazepam concentrations. In the next time
more extensive physiology reponses and the specimens mortality were gradually
recorded.   </span> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">LC50  </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">was recorded at 7, 8 µg/mL, after 36 hours </span> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">.
The more lethal effects (LC 85 and LC100) were recorded at higher than 10 </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us"> µg/mL </span> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro"> concentrations. </span> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:150%;"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14.2pt;"> <span lang="ro" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="ro">In conclusions, the diazepam
solutions induced changes quickly and more extensive on the physiology of the
bio tester organism, which becoming in 12- 48 hours a toxic substance with
effects on all vital process. These results are representative data about
benzodiazepines effects at aquatic crustacean species, in current context
when  </span> <span lang="en-us" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:’Times New Roman’, serif;" xml:lang="en-us">the effects of pharmaceuticals as potential
contaminant at these aquatic communities were little  known.  </span> <span style="font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>}, number={1}