TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diazepam on biotester organisms AU - Irina Mihaela, İancu AU - Verginica, Schröder AU - Pavalache, Georgata PY - 2018 DA - December JF - Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life JO - TJHSL PB - Mümin POLAT WT - DergiPark SN - 2687-2730 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 1 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Benzodiazepines are the mostprescribed pharmaceuticals as depresses of the nervous system. Among these, thegroup of benzodiazepines with special relevance to diazepam, is the mostextensively studied as potential environmental contaminants. Diazepam has beendetected in WWTP originating from hospitals as well as in effluents frommunicipal WWTP plants.The purpose of thepresent study is to identify whether the diazepam solutions generate anyeffects at tested specie and from what concentrations these were recorded atcrustaceans organism.The adults ofGammarus pulexbalcanicus(Crustacea Amphipoda) were tested according toGamToxprotocol for aquatic toxicity.Diazepam injectablesolutions (5 mg/mL) were purchased from Terapia SA.Cluj Napoca, Romania. Fortesting, four dilutions were used: 1 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL and 20µg/mL.The behavior and mortality were evaluated at 12, 24,36, 48, 72 hours from start.The lethal effects (30 %) werepresented in the first 12 hours of the exposure at 20µg/mL at diazepam concentrations. In the next timemore extensive physiology reponses and the specimens mortality were graduallyrecorded.LC50was recorded at 7, 8 µg/mL, after 36 hours.The more lethal effects (LC 85 and LC100) were recorded at higher than 10µg/mLconcentrations.In conclusions, the diazepamsolutions induced changes quickly and more extensive on the physiology of thebio tester organism, which becoming in 12- 48 hours a toxic substance witheffects on all vital process. These results are representative data aboutbenzodiazepines effects at aquatic crustacean species, in current contextwhenthe effects of pharmaceuticals as potentialcontaminant at these aquatic communities were little known. KW - diazepam KW - aquatic crustacean KW - Gammarus CR - 1. Alves S. N., Melo A.L., 2013-Effects of benzodiazepine and ivermectin on Giardia tigrina (Platyhelminthes: Turbelaria), Biosci.J., Uberlandia, 29, 1, 209-215. CR - 2. EPA, “Gammarid acute toxicity test,” 850.1020 guideline. EPA 712-C-96-130, 1996, http://www.epa.gov. CR - 3. Ferreira A. P., 2014 - Environmental Investigation of Psychiatric Pharmaceuticals: Guandu River, Rio de janeiro State Southeast Brazil, Journal of Chemical Heath Risks, 4 (3), 25-32. CR - 4. Gerhardt A., 2011- GamTox: A Low-Cost Multiparametric Ecotoxicity Test with Gammarus ssp. For In and Ex Situ Application. International Journal of Zoology. Doi:10.1155/2011/574536. CR - 5. Gomez-Canela C., Miller T.H., Bury N.R., Tauler R., Barron L.P., 2016 – Targeted metabolomics of Gammarus pulex following controlled exposures to selected pharmaceuticals in water, Science of the Total Environment, 562, 777-788.6. http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/ CR - 7. Miller T.H., Bury N. R., Owen S.F., Barron L.P., 2017 - Uptake, biotransformation and elimination of selected pharmaceuticals in a freshwater invertebrate measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 183, 389-400. CR - 8. Moldovan Z. 2006 – Occurrences of pharmaceutical and personal care products as micropollutants in rivers from Romania, Chemosphere 64, 1808-1817. CR - 9. Netherton, M. J., 2011-Uptake and metabolism of pharmaceuticals in aquatic invertebrates, Phd Thesis, University of York. CR - 10. Pascoe D., Wanchamai Karntanut, Carsten T Müller, 2003 - Do pharmaceuticals affect freshwater invertebrates? A study with the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris, Chemosphere,Volume 51, Issue 6, Pages 521-528. CR - 11. Vânia C., Valdemar I.E., 2009- Psychiatric pharmaceuticals in the enviroment, Chemosphere, 77, 1257-1274. CR - 12. Whitacre, David M., 2012 - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Springer Science& Business Media, vol. 218, 156 p. UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjhsl/article/492959 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/605964 ER -