TY - JOUR T1 - Matematik İşlemlerinde Akıcılığın Geliştirilmesi: Dinleyerek İşlem Yapma Uygulamaları TT - Enhancing Math Facts Fluency: Taped Problems Interventions AU - Alptekin, Serpil PY - 2019 DA - September DO - 10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.504333 JF - Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi JO - AUFESJSE PB - Ankara Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1304-7639 SP - 629 EP - 649 VL - 20 IS - 3 LA - tr AB - Bir derleme çalışması olan bu makalenin amacı, matematikte işlemakıcılığının geliştirilmesinde kullanılan tekniklerden biri olan dinleyerekişlem yapmanın (DİY) temel uygulama basamaklarını açıklamak ve öğrencilere veuygulamacılara sağladığı katkıları alanyazında yer alan bilimsel araştırmalarışığında tartışmaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle alanyazın araştırmaları ışığındaDİY’in uygulama basamakları, uygulama öncesi hazırlıklar, uygulama vedeğerlendirme başlıkları altında ele alınarak açıklanmıştır. Uygulama öncesihazırlıklarda öğrencinin kullanacağı çalışma yaprakları ve ses kayıtlarınınnasıl hazırlanması gerektiği açıklanmıştır. Sonra birebir ya da gruba yönelikuygulamaların nasıl yapılması gerektiği açıklanarak değerlendirmede yapılmasıgereken önemli noktalara değinilmiştir. Daha sonra alanyazında, DİY uygulamalarınınetkilerini belirlemeye yönelik araştırmalar, katılımcı sayısı, cinsiyeti, yaşıve sınıf düzeyi, araştırma deseni, hedeflenen beceri (bağımlı değişken),uygulanan prosedür (bağımsız değişken), uygulama biçimi ve elde edilen sonuçlarele alınarak açıklanmıştır. Bu değişkenler ışığında sonuçların öğrenciler veuygulamacılar açısından yararları tartışılmış ve ileri araştırmalara yönelikönerilerde bulunulmuştur. KW - Dinleyerek işlem yapma KW - özel eğitim KW - matematikte akıcılık KW - temel matematik becerileri N2 - The aim of this paper, which is a review, is to explain basic intervention steps of taped problems (TP) techniquewhich is one of the techniques used in enhancing math facts fluency and to discuss the contributions that it providesto students and implementers in the light of scientific studies in the literature. In the light of the literature, first ofall, the steps of TP interventions were explained respectively by discussing the titles under preparations prior tothe intervention, intervention, and evaluation headings. The worksheets that students will use during thepreparation and how the sound recordings should be prepared were explained before the intervention. Then, byexplaining how one-to-one or group interventions should be done, important points that need to be addressed inthe assessment were referred. Besides, studies aiming to determine the effects of TP interventions, the number ofparticipants, their gender, age and class level, research design, targeted skill (dependent variable), appliedprocedure (independent variable) intervention method and results were explained. In the light of these variables,the benefits of the results for students and implementers were discussed and recommendations were made forfurther research. CR - Alberto, P. A. & Troutman, A. C. (2013). Applied behaviour analysis for teachers (9th ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. CR - Aspiranti, K. B., Skinner, C.H., McCleary, D.F. & Cihak, D.F. (2011). Using taped problems and rewards to increase addition-fact fluency in a first-grade general education classroom. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 4(2), 25-33. doi:10.1007/BF03391781 CR - Bliss, S.L., Skinner, C.H., McCallum, E., Saecker, L.B., Rowland-Bryant, E. & Brown, K.S. (2010). A comparison of taped problems with and without a brief posttreatment assessment on multiplication fluency. Journal of Behavioral Education, 19(2), 156-168. doi: 10.1007/s10864-010-9106-5 CR - Burns, M. K., Codding, R. S., Boice, C. H., & Lukito, G. (2010). Meta-analysis of acquisition and fluency math interventions with instructional and frustration level skills: Evidence for a skill by treatment interaction. School Psychology Review, 39, 69–83. CR - Cates, G. L., & Rhymer, K. N. (2003). Examining the relationship between mathematics anxiety and mathematics performance: An instructional hierarchy perspective. Journal of Behavioral Education, 12, 23 – 34. doi:1053-0819/03/0300-0023/0 CR - Carnine, D. (1997). Instructional design in mathematics for students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disablities, 30(2), 130-141. CR - Carnine, D., Jitendra, A. & Silbert, J. (1997). A descriptive analysis of mathematics curricular materials from a pedagogical perspective. Remedial and Special Education, 18(2),66-81. CR - Charlesworth, R. & Lind, K.K. (2010). Math and science for young children (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage. CR - Cressey, J. & Ezbicki, K. (2008). Improving automaticity with basic addition facts: do taped problems work faster than cover, copy, compare?. Paper 12 presented NERA Annunal ConferencE. Connecticut, USA. Retrived from https://opencommons.uconn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com.tr/&httpsredir=1&article=1003&context=nera_2008 CR - Freeman, T.J. & McLaughlin, T.F. (1984). Effects of a taped-words treatment procedure on learning disabled students' sight-word oral reading. Learning Disability Quarterly, 7(1), 49-54. CR - Gagne, R.M. (1982). Some issues in psychology of mathematics instruction. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 14, 7 – 18. CR - Geary, D. C. (2011). Cognitive predictors of achievement growth in mathematics: A 5-year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1539–1552. doi:10.1037/a0025510 CR - Gersten, R., Jordan, N. C., & Flojo, J. R. (2005). Early identification and interventions for students with mathematics difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38, 293–304. doi: 10.1177/00222194050380040301 CR - Gurganus, S.P. (2017). Math instruction for learning problems (2nd. ed). Newyork: Routledge. CR - Hasselbring, T. S., Goin, L. I. & Bradsford, J. D. (1987). Developing automaticity. Teaching Exceptional Children, 1, 30-33. CR - Hinton, V., Strozier, S.D., & Flores, M.M. (2014). Building mathematical fluency for students with disabilities or students at-risk for mathematics failure. International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, 2(4), 257-265. CR - Johnson, K.R. & Layng, T.J. (1996). On terms and procedures: Fluency. The Behavior Analyst, 19(2), 281-288. CR - Kame’enui, E.J., Carnine,D.W., Dixon, R.C. Simmons, D.C. & Coyne, M.D. (2002). Effective teaching strategies that accommodate diverse learners (2nd ed). New Jersey: Merrill Prentice Hall. CR - McCallum, E. (2006). The taped-problems intervention: Increasing multiplication fact fluency using a low-tech time delay intervention (Doctoral dissertation). Retriverd from https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=3251&context=utk_graddiss CR - McCallum, E. & Schmitt, A.J. (2011). The taped problems intervention: Increasing the math fact fluency of a student with an intellectual disability. International Journal of Special Education, 26(3), 276-284. CR - McCallum, E., Schmitt, A. J., Schneider, D. L, Rezzetano, K., & Skinner, C. H. (2010). Extending research on the taped-problems intervention: Do group rewards enhance math fact fluency development?. School Psychology Forum, 4, 44-61. doi: 10.1080/15377900903175861 CR - McCallum, E., Skinner, C. H., & Hutchins, H. (2004). The taped-problems intervention: Increasing division fact fluency using a low-tech self-managed time-delay intervention. Joumal of Applied School Psychology, 20(2), 129-147. doi: 10.1300/J370v20n02_08 CR - McCallum, E., Skinner, C. H., Turner, H., & Seacker, L. (2006). The taped-problem intervention: Increasing multiplication fact fluency using low-tech classwide, time delay intervention. School Psychology Review, 35, 419-434. CR - Mercer, C.D. & Miller, S.P. (1992). Teaching students with learning problems in math to acquire, understand, and apply basic math facts. Remedial and Special Education, 13(3), 19-35. CR - Miller, K. C., Skinner, C. H., Gibby, L., Galyon, C.E., & Meadows-Allen, S. (2011). Evaluating generalization of addition-fact fluency using the taped-problems procedure in a second-grade classroom. Journal of Behavioral Education, 20, 203-220. doi:10.1007/s10864-011-9126-9 CR - Mong, M. D. & Mong, K. W. (2010). Efficacy of two mathematics interventions for enhancing fluency with elementary students. Journal of Behavioral Education, 19, 273-288. doi: 10.1007/s10864-011-9143-8 CR - Özyürek, M. (2009). Bilişsel ve devimsel davranışları öğretmeyi kazandırma [To teach cognitive and knesthetic behaviors]. İstanbul: Daktylos Yayıncılık. CR - Poncy B.C., Jaspers, K.E., Hansmann, P.R., Bui, L. & Matthew. W.B. (2015) A comparison of taped-problem ınterventions to ıncrease math fact fluency: Does the length of time delay affect student learning rates?, Journal of Applied School Psychology, 31(1), 63-82. doi: 10.1080/15377903.2014.963273 CR - Poncy, B.C., Skinner, C.H. & Jaspers, K.E. (2007). Evaluating and comparing interventions designed to enhance math fact accuracy and fluency: Cover, copy, and compare versus taped problems. Journal of Behavioral Education, 16(1), 27- 37. doi: 10.1007/s10864-006-9025-7 CR - Poncy, B. C., Skinner, C. H., & McCallum, E. (2012). A comparison of class-wide taped problems and cover, copy, and compare for enhancing mathematics fluency. Psychology in the Schools, 49, 744- 755. doi:10.1002/pits.21631 CR - Shapiro, E.S. (2011). Academic skills problems, direct assessment and intervention (4th ed). New York: Guilford Press CR - Skinner, C. H., Pappas, D., & Davis, K. (2005). Enhancing academic engagement: Providing opportunities for responding and influencing students to choose to respond. Psychology in the Schools, 42, 389-403. doi: 10.1002/pits.20065. CR - Skinner, C. H., & Smith, E. S. (1992). Issues surrounding the use of self-managed interventions for increasing academic performance. School Psychology Review, 21, 202–210. CR - Snell, M.E. & Brown, F. (2014). Instruction of students with severe disabilities (7th ed). Edinburgh: Pearson. CR - Stein, M., Kinder, D., Silbert, J. & Carnine, D. (2006). Desining effective mathematics instruction a direct instruction approach, (3th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. CR - Tekin-İftar, E. & Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2016). Özel eğitimde yanlışsız öğretim yöntemleri [Responce promting methods in special education] (3. baski) [3rd ed]. Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık. CR - Uysal, H. (2017). Zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilere temel toplama işlemlerinde akıcılık kazandırmada iki farklı uygulamanın karşılaştırılması [The comparison of two treatments for enhancing basic addition facts fluency of students with intellectuel disabilities]. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi) [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir [Anadolu University Institute of Educational Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey]. CR - Windingstad, S., Skinner, C. H., Rowland, E., Cardin, E., & Fearrington, J. Y. (2009). Extending research on a math fluency building intervention: Applying taped problems in a second-grade classroom. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 25, 364–381. doi: 10.1080/15377900903175861. CR - Wolery, M., Ault, M. J. & Doyle, P. M. (1992). Teaching students with moderate to severe disabilities. New York: Longman Publishing Group CR - Woodward, J. (2006). Developing Automaticity in Multiplication Facts: Integrating Strategy Instruction with timed practice drills. Learning Diasbility Quarterly, 29(4)- 269-289. doi: org/10.2307/30035554 UR - https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.504333 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/797768 ER -