@article{article_508230, title={INVASION OF ORYZASATIVA L. (REDRICE) AND ECHINOCHLOA ORYZICOLA VASINGER (LATEWATERGRASS) IN RICE CULTIVATION}, journal={Turkish Journal of Weed Science}, volume={18}, pages={32–35}, year={2015}, author={Altop, Emine Kaya and Mennan, Hüsrev and Haghnama, Kianoosh}, keywords={Çeltik, Oryza sativa, Echinochloa oryzicola, istilacı bitki}, abstract={Rice plays an important part in global food security and it is also an important staple crop in Turkey because of high domestic consumption. Rice growing is concentrated in middle Black Sea and Trachea region, with small areas of rice growing in southeastern Anatolia. If there is no management with weed, it is caused a yield loss of more than 40% in rice cultivation depending on aquaculture system, rice varieties, the weed species and density. Turkish farmers have changed their seeding method from transplanting to wet seeding because of rising labor costs and also better control of weeds. The continuous cropping of rice in this system has resulted in the proliferation of highly competitive weed species strongly adapted to the aquatic environment. Many farmers depend on herbicides for weed control in water seeding system. Since the early 1990s (ALS) acetolactate synthase inhibitors have been used widely in rice fields. The other commonly used herbicide group is Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors that selectively control grass species. Continuous use of herbicides with the same mechanisms of action leads to evaluation of herbicide-resistant weed population and increased number of herbicide resistant populations in Turkey. When we look at the problems weed genus in countries with intensive rice cultivation in European, Asia and United States, it is showed that the control of the species belonging to the genus Echinochloa is so difficult particularly. The genus Echinochloa includes a number of the most important weeds occurring in rice throughout the world. It has about 50 species (including subspecies and varieties) and most of the mare adapted to grow in water throughout their life cycle. In recent years, E. oryzicola Vasinger. syn: E. phyllopogon] which was identification as a new species for rice area in Turkey, belongs to Echinochloa genus, is major problem in the rice in many countries of world, and also Marmara and the Black Sea region.Tokat/Turkey Despite the potential importance of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) in many countries, little is known on it in Turkey. This species has been introduced to Turkey recently and it was apparently adapted to rice cultivation and has become an important weed in many regions of rice fields. The presence of this weed is probably due to accidental introduction by seeds from European countries or probably from several subtropical areas where this species is a typical economic problem for flooded rice production. Because of problems caused by the E. oryzicola and O. sativa in rice cultivation and difficult of their management, there appears to be two invasive plants which is required more than study and the development of new management strategies.}, number={3}, publisher={Türkiye Herboloji Derneği}