TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Evaluation of Intramuscular, Intranasal, Oral and Intraosseal Administration of Midazolam, Ketamine Combination in Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
TT  - Bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Midazolam-Ketamin Kombinasyonunun İntramusküler, İntranasal, Oral ve İntraosseal Olarak Uygulanmasının Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
AU  - Yayla, Sadık
AU  - Kılıç, Engin
AU  - Aydın, Uğur
AU  - Dönmez, İlksen
AU  - Ermutlu, Celal Şahin
AU  - Baran, Vedat
AU  - Cihan, Mete
AU  - Özaydın, İsa
AU  - Yıldız, Uğur
PY  - 2018
DA  - December
Y2  - 2018
JF  - Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi
JO  - Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg
PB  - Dicle Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1307-9972
SP  - 60
EP  - 63
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - This study was aimed to compare the effects ofdifferent delivery routes of midazolam ketamine combination in quails. Thirtytwo adult male quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with a mean weight of180-220 gr and a 25-week-old were used in this study. The birds were divided into four groups ofeight animals each. In group I (Group IM), 6 mg/kg midazolam-100 mg/kg ketaminecombination was injected intramuscularly. It was given the same dose of thiscombination intranasal in the group II (Group IN) and orally in the group III(Group O). In the last group (Group IO), 2 mg/kg midazolam-20 mg/kg ketaminewas administered intraosseally. Induction, recovery time and depth ofanesthesia were evaluated. Pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic bloodpressure, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature were also monitored. Theanesthesia durations were determined as 28.88±5.87 min in group IM, 13.75±5.18min in group IN, 14.88±4.79 min in group O and 38.13±8.84 min in group IO,respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groupsin terms of both anesthesia duration and physiological values. As a result,intramuscular and oral administration of the midazolam ketamine combination maybe preferred to many operative interventions, but intranasal use can be usedfor clinical examination or diagnostic procedures because it does not provideadequate anesthesia. It can be said that oral and intraosseous use may bepreferred in cases requiring longer duration of anesthesia in birds.
KW  - Intranasal
KW  - Intraosseal
KW  - Midazolam-ketamine
KW  - Oral
KW  - Quail
N2  - Bu çalışmada midazolam ketamin kombinasyonununfarklı veriliş yollarının etkilerinin karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmesiamaçlandı. Çalışmada toplam 32 adet erkek, ortalama 180-220 gr ağırlığında ve25 haftalık erişkin bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica) kullanıldı. Kuşlarher birinde 8 hayvan olacak şekilde dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’de (Grup IM) 6mg/kg dozunda midazolam-100 mg/kg ketamin kombinasyonu intamusküler olarakenjekte edildi. Grup II’de aynı dozdaki kombinasyon intranasal (Grup IN), III.gruba ise oral (Grup O) olarak uygulandı. Son gruba da 2 mg/kg midazolam-20mg/kg ketamin intraosseal (Grup IO) olarak uygulandı. Anesteziye giriş ve çıkışsüreleri ve anestezi derinliği değerlendirildi. Ayrıca nabız, sistolik vediastolik kan basınçları ile solunum sayısı ve kloakal ısı takip edildi.Anestezi süreleri sırasıyla grup IM’de 28.88±5.87, grup IN’de 13.75±5.18, grupO’da 14.88±4.79 ve grup IO’de 38.13±8.84 olarak belirlendi. Gruplar arasındahem anestezi süreleri hem de fizyolojik değerler bakımından istatistikselolarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu. Sonuç olarak midazolam ketaminkombinasyonun intramusküler ve oral kullanımı birçok operatif girişim içintercih edilebilir, fakat intranasal kullanım yeterli derinlikte anestezisağlayamadığından dolayı sadece klinik muayene ve diagnostik işlemler için kullanılabilir.Oral ve intraosseal kullanımın daha uzun süreli bir anestezi gerektirenolgularda tercih edilebileceği söylenebilir.
CR  - 1. 	Maiti SK, Tiwary R, Vasan P, Dutta A. (2006). Xylazine, diaze-pam and midazolam premedicated ketamine anaesthesia in White Leghorn cockerels for typlectomy. S Afr Vet Ver, 77 (1): 12-18.
CR  - 2. 	Mans C. (2014) Sedation of pet birds. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 23, 152-157.
CR  - 3. 	Durrani UF, Khan MA, Ahmad SS. (2008). Comparative efficacy (sedative and anesthetic) of detomidine, ketamine and detomidine-ketamine cocktail in peigeons (Culumbia livia). Pa-kistan Vet J. 28 (3): 115-118.
CR  - 4. 	Durrani UF, Ashraf M, Khalid A. (2005). Comparative efficacy of detomidine and detomidine cocktail in quails. Pakistan Vet J. 25 (4): 197-199.
CR  - 5.	Durrani UF, Ashraf M, Khan MA. (2009). A comparison of the clinical effects associated with xylazine, ketamine and a xylazine-ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia). Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 33 (5): 413-417.
CR  - 6. 	Kamiloglu A, Yayla S, Kamiloglu NN, Ozaydin I, Kurt B: Clinical evaluation of intramuscular and intraosseous xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 11(3): 169-174, 2014.
CR  - 7. 	Yayla S, Kamiloglu N, Kamiloglu A, Ozaydin I: Comparision of intravenous and intraosseous administration of propofol-ketamine combination for anesthesia in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Kocatepe Vet J.  7 (1): 11-16, 2014.
CR  - 8. Yayla S, Kamiloglu NN, Kamiloglu A, Ozaydın I, Ermutlu CS. (2015). Comparison of the effects of intramuscular and in-traosseal administration of detomidine/ ketamine combina-tion for general anaesthesia in quails (Coturnix coturnix japon-ica). Bulg J Agric Sci. 21, 220-224.
CR  - 9. 	Akgul MB, Sindak N, Gulaydin A, Ozen D. (2017). Clinical evaluation of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 14 (3): 169-176.
CR  - 10. Schaffer DPH, Araujo NNLJ, Raposa ACS, Filho AFM, Vieira JVR, Oria AP. (2017). Sedative effect of intranasal midazolam administration in wild caught blue-fronted amazon (Amozona aestiva) and orange-winged amazon (Amozona amazonica) parrots. J Avian Med Surg. 31(3): 213-218.
CR  - 11. Day TK, Roge CK. (1996). Evaluation of sedation in quail in-duced by use of midazolam and reversed by use of flumazenil. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 209 (5): 969-971.
CR  - 12. Sadegh AB. (2013). Comparison of intranasal administration of xylazine, diazepam, and midazolam in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undalatus): Clinical evaluation. J Zoo Wild Med. 44 (2): 241-244.
CR  - 13. Moghadam AZ, Sadegh AB, Sharifi S, Habibian S. (2009). Comparison of intranasal administration of diazepem midazolam and xylazine in pigeons: Clinical evaluation. IJVST, 1 (1): 19-26.
CR  - 14.	Schaffer DPH, Raposa ACS, Liberiou FA, Silva RMM, Araujo NLLJ, Oria AP. (2016). Intranasal administration of midazolam in blue and yellow macaws (Ara araruana): Evaluation of sedative effects. Veterinary Anest Analg. 43, 459-460.
CR  - 15. Kamiloglu A, Atalan G, Kamiloglu NN. (2007). Comparison of intraosseous and intramuscular drug administration for induc-tion of anesthesia in domestic pigeons. Res Vet Sci. 85, 171-175.
CR  - 16. Guzman DSM. (2014). Advances in avian clinical therapeutics. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine 23, 6-20.
CR  - 17.	Valverde AD, Bienzle D, Smith DA, Dyson DH, Valliant AE. (1993). Intraosseus cannulation and drug administration for induction of anesthesia in chickens. Vet Surg. 22, 240-244.
CR  - 18. English MJ, Papenberg R, Farias E, Scott WAC, Hinchey J. (1991). Heat loss in an animal experimental model. J Trauma. 31, 36-38.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/duvetfd/article/513949
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/628174
ER  -