TY - JOUR T1 - DETERMINATION OF THE BIOETHANOL RATIO IN GASOLINE FROM 14C ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING IN TURKEY TT - TÜRKİYE’DE BENZİNLERİN SIVI SİNTİLASYON TEKNİĞİ İLE 14C AKTİVİTESİNİN BELİRLENEREK BİYOETANOL ORANLARININ BELİRLENMESİ AU - Gündoğdu, Gençay AU - Tükenmez, İbrahim PY - 2019 DA - June JF - Turkish Journal of Nuclear Sciences PB - T.C. Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu WT - DergiPark SN - 2791-7185 SP - 49 EP - 59 VL - 31 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Liquid Scintillation Counting (LSC) technique is commonly applied indetermining the fraction of bioethanol-gasoline blending. The basic principleof the technique is to measure the radioactivity level of 14Cisotope with the half-life of 5730 years, which is formed naturally and reachesto equilibrium in the bodies of all the living organisms. Gasoline is producedfrom petroleum, which is formed by the organisms that had died millions yearsago and exposed to pressure and heat under the ground. In addition, bioethanolis a type of biofuel, obtained from fermentation of such crops like sugar beet,sugar cane, corn and sweet sorghum. Owing to the fact that the 14C radioactivitylevel in gasoline becomes to the unmeasurable levels within millions years andthe bioethanol has 14C level in equilibrium with the atmosphere, itis possible to determine the blending ratios of gasoline and bioethanol.In this study, the applicability of the determinationof the ratio of biological additives in gasoline by the liquid scintillationcounting technique was investigated. Gasoline-bioethanol mixture ratios weredetermined successfully in the commercially available gasoline and bioethanolmixtures. KW - Liquid Scintillation Counting KW - 14C KW - Bioethanol KW - Activity concentration KW - biofraction N2 - Benzin-biyoetanolkarışım oranının deneysel olarak tespit edilmesinde Sıvı Sintilasyon SayımTekniği (LSC) yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Tekniğin ana prensibi atmosferdedoğal yollarla oluşan ve zamanla bütün canlıların vücudunda bir dengeye gelenve yarı ömrü 5730 yıl olan 14C izotopunun radyoaktivite seviyesininölçülmesidir. Benzin, milyonlarca yıl önce ölüp toprak altında kalmış olancanlıların ısı ve basınç etkisiyle dönüşmüş olduğu petrolden üretilmektedir.Biyoetanol ise şeker pancarı, şeker kamışı, mısır, tatlı sorgum gibi bitkilerinfermente edilmesi ile üretilen bir çeşit biyoyakıttır. Benzinde bulunan 14Cradyoaktivite seviyesinin milyonlarca yıl içerisinde yarılanarak ölçülemeyecekseviyelere gerilemesi, biyoetanolün ise atmosferle denge halinde 14Cseviyesine sahip olması benzin-biyoetanol karışım oranlarının belirlenmesineolanak sağlamaktadır.Bu çalışmadasıvı sintilasyon sayımı ile ticari olarak temin edilebilen benzin ve biyoetanolkarışımLarının karışım oranları belirlenmiştir. CR - 1) https://unfccc.int/documents CR - 2) Yunoki, S., Saito, M., 2009, A simple method to determine bioethanol content in gasoline using two-step extraction and liquid scintillation counting, Bioresource Technology, 100, 6125-6128. CR - 3) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 On the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, 2009 Off J Eur Commun, L140 (2009), pp. 16-62 CR - 4) https://www.iea.org/tcep/transport/biofuels/ CR - 5) R. Idoeta, E. Pérez, M. Herranz, F. Legarda, 2014, Characteristic parameters in the measurement of 14C of biobased diesel fuels by liquid scintillation Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 110-113. CR - 6) Dijs, I.J., Van Der Windt, E., Kaihola, E., Van Der Borg, E., 2006, Quantitative determination by 14C analysis of the biological component in fuels Radiocarbon, 48 (3), pp. 315-323. CR - 7) Edler, R., Kaihola, L., 2010, Differentiation between fossil and biofuels by liquid scintillation beta spectrometry-direct method, Nukleonika, 55 (1), pp. 127-131. CR - 8) Norton, G.A., Cline, A.M., Thompson, G.C., 2012, Use of radiocarbon analyses for determining levels of biodiesel in fuel blend – comparison with ASTM method D7371 for FAME, Fuel, 96, pp. 284-290. CR - 9) Kristof, R., Logar, J.K., 2013, Direct LSC method for measurements of biofuels in fuel, Talanta, 111, pp. 183-188 CR - 10) Kristof, R., Hirsch, M., Logar, J.K., 2014, Implementation of direct LSC method for diesel samples on the fuel market Appl Radiat Isot, 93, pp. 101-105. CR - 11) Bronić, I.A., Barešić, J., Horvatinčić, N., Sironić, A., 2016, Determination of biogenic component in liquid fuels by the 14C direct LSC method by using quenching properties of modern liquids for calibration Radiat Phys Chem, 137, 248-253. CR - 12) http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/07/20120707-35.htm CR - 13) https://www.perkinelmer.com.cn/CMSResources/Images/46-73870SPC_1220Quantulus.pdf UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/tjns/issue//570975 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/744156 ER -