TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Hybridization on the Ballistic Impact Behavior of Nanostructured Hybrid Composite Plates TT - Hibritleştirmenin Nano Takviyeli Hibrit Kompozit Plakaların Balistik Darbe Davranışlarına Etkisi AU - Yumak, Nihal AU - Aslantaş, Kubilay AU - Pekbey, Yeliz PY - 2020 DA - January Y2 - 2019 DO - 10.31202/ecjse.594734 JF - El-Cezeri JO - ECJSE PB - Tayfun UYGUNOĞLU WT - DergiPark SN - 2148-3736 SP - 124 EP - 134 VL - 7 IS - 1 LA - en AB - Hybrid composites arethe material group largely preferred for use in space, aerospace and ballisticapplications, where superior mechanical properties and low density arerequired. Hybrid composites produced using high-strength Kevlar fiber andS-glass fiber materials and nano particle added matrix in this study. Nineteencombinations of hybrid composite materials were produced using three matrixmaterials—nano-calcite, nano-clay and carbon nano-tube which have high-energyabsorption properties. To compare the ballistic test results of hybridcomposites, 1 control sample were tested. Nano particles were added into thecomposites in the ratio of 0.5, 1 to 2 percent, corresponding to the ratiosthat achieved the most desirable mechanical properties in other literature.Deflections occurring at composites’ back surfaces were measured after testsand evaluation of whether there would be perforation was done. As a result ofthis study, was seen that ballistic strength positively affected with nanoparticle addition and different stacking sequences of composite layers. Inhybrid composites produced by S-glass reinforcement, the weight decreased by20% while the ballistic strength decreased significantly. It was found thatcalcites adding hybrid composite plates at the front sites and clay addedplates at the back sites showed superior ballistic performance. It was observedthat the ballistic strength of hybrid composites increased with increasingcalcite ratio at the front sites. KW - polymer–matrix composites KW - ballistic impact KW - hybrid composite KW - nano-clays KW - nano-calsit KW - nano-carbon KW - polymer–matrix composites N2 - Hibrit kompozitler, özellikle yüksekmekanik özelliklere karşılık düşük yoğunluk istenen havacılık, uzay ve balistikuygulanmalarda en çok tercih edilen malzeme çeşididir. Hibrit kompozitler buçalışmada, takviye malzemesi olarak, yüksek dayanımlı Kevlar fiber ve S-cam fiberolarak kullanılmıştır. Matris olarak ise yüksek enerji emilimi sağlayansağlayan üç tip (nano-kalsit, nano-kil ve nano-karbon tüp) kullanılarak 19 farklıkombinasyonda hibrit kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Hibrit kompozitlerinbalistik test sonuçlarını karşılaştırmak için 1 nano malzeme takviyesi olmayankontrol numunesi test edilmiştir. Nano-parçacıklar dolgu malzemeleri kompozitmalzeme içerisine 0,5, 1 ve % 2 oranlarında, literatürden elde edilen maksimummekanik özelliklere karşılık gelen optimum oranlarda katılmıştır. Testlersonrası malzeme arka yüzeyinde meydana gelen çökme değerleri ölçülmüş vemalzemede delinme olup olmama durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda,nano parçaçık takviyesi yapılarak malzemenin balistik dayanımınınarttırılabileceği, sıralamanın değiştirilmesiyle birlikte balistik dayanımınarttığı görülmüştür. S-glass eklenerek üretilen hibritlerde, ağırlık %20oranında düşürülse de, balistik dayanım azalmıştır. Kalsit takviyeli plakalarınön yüzeyde, kil takviyeli tabakaların arka yüzeyde olduğu durumda balistikdayanım artmıştır. Kalsit miktarının arttırılmasıyla birlikte malzemeninbalistik dayanımı artmıştır. CR - Randjbaran E., Zahari R., Jalil A., Aswan N., Majid A. A., Laila D., “Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with kevlar/carbon/glass woven fabrics for ballistic impact testing”, The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1-7. CR - Bandaru A. K., Vetiyatil L., Ahmad S., “The effect of hybridization on the ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composite armors”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015, 76, 300-319. CR - Pandya K. S., Pothnis J. R., Ravikumar G., Naik N. K., “Ballistic impact behavior of hybrid composites”, Materials & Design, 2013, 44:128-135. CR - Pol M.H., Liaghat G., “Investigation of the high velocity impact behavior of nanocomposites”, Polymer Composites, 2016, 37(4):1173-1179. CR - Jena P.K., Ramanjeneyulu K., Kumar K. S., Bhat T. B., “Ballistic studies on layered structures”, Materials & Design, 2009, 30(6):1922-1929. CR - Iqbal K., Khan S.U., Munir A., Kim J. K., “Impact damage resistance of CFRP with nanoclay-filled epoxy matrix”, Composites Science and Technology, 2009, 69(11-12):1949-1957. CR - Safri S. N. A., Sultan M. T. H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., “Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review”, Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121. CR - Avila A. F., Soares M. I., Neto A. S., “A study on nanostructured laminated plates behavior under low-velocity impact loadings”, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007, 34(1):28-41. CR - Mahfuz H., Adnan A., Rangari V. K., Jeelani S., Jang B.Z., “Carbon nanoparticles/whiskers reinforced composites and their tensile response”, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2004, 35(5):519-527. CR - Davies G.A.O., Zhang X., "Impact damage prediction in carbon composite structures", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 1995, 16(1): 149-170. CR - Haque A., Shamsuzzoha, M., Hussain F., Dean D., "S2-glass/epoxy polymer nanocomposites: manufacturing, structures, thermal and mechanical properties", Journal of Composite Materials, 2004, 37(20):1821-1837. CR - Safri S.N.A., Sultan M.T.H., Jawaid M., Jayakrishna K., "Impact behaviour of hybrid composites for structural applications: A review", Composites Part B: Engineering, 2018, 133:112-121. CR - Reis P.N.B., Santos P., Ferreira J.A.M., Richardson M.O.W., "Impact response of sandwich composites with nano-enhanced epoxy resin", Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2013, 32(12):898-906. CR - Grujicic M., Pandurangan B., Angstadt D.C., Koudela K.L., Cheeseman B.A., "Ballistic-performance optimization of a hybrid carbon-nanotube/E-glass reinforced poly-vinyl-ester-epoxy-matrix composite armor", Journal of Materials Science, 2007, 42(14):5347-5359. CR - Liu S., Wang J., Wang Y., Wang Y., "Improving the ballistic performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene fiber reinforced composites using conch particles", Materials & Design, 2010, 31(4):1711-1715. CR - Park J. H., Jana S. C., "Mechanism of exfoliation of nanoclay particles in epoxy− clay nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 2003, 36(8):2758-2768. CR - Chowdhury F.H., Hosur M.V., Jeelani S., "Studies on the flexural and thermomechanical properties of woven carbon/nanoclay-epoxy laminates", Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2006, 421(1-2):298-306. CR - Pekbey Y., Aslantaş K., Yumak N., "Ballistic impact response of Kevlar Composites with filled epoxy matrix", Steel and Composite Structures, 2017, 22(4):191-200. CR - Pol M.H., Liaghat G.H., Hajiarazi F., "Effect of nanoclay on ballistic behavior of woven fabric composites: Experimental investigation", Journal of Composite Materials, 2013, 47(13):1563-1573. CR - Luo J.J., Daniel I.M., "Characterization and modeling of mechanical behavior of polymer/clay nanocomposites", Composites Science and Technology, 2003, 63(11):1607-1616. CR - Xu X., Zhou Z., Hei Y., Zhang B., Bao J., Chen X., "Improving compression-after-impact performance of carbon–fiber composites by CNTs/thermoplastic hybrid film interlayer", Composites Science and Technology, 2014, 95:75-81. CR - Reis P.N.B., Ferreira J.A.M., Santos P., Richardson M. O.W., Santos J.B., "Impact response of Kevlar composites with filled epoxy matrix", Composite Structures, 2012, 94(12):3520-3528. CR - Young R.J., Beaumont P.W.R., "Failure of brittle polymers by slow crack growth", Journal of Materials Science, 1977, 12(4):684-692. CR - Fu S.Y., Lauke B., "Characterization of tensile behaviour of hybrid short glass fibre/calcite particle/ABS composites", Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 1998, 29(5-6):575-583. CR - Zhu Z.K., Yang Y., Yin J., Qi Z.N., "Preparation and properties of organosoluble polyimide/silica hybrid materials by sol–gel process", Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1999, 73(14):2977-2984. CR - Loos M.R., Abetz V., Schulte K., "Dissolution of MWCNTs by using polyoxadiazoles, and highly effective reinforcement of their composite films", Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2010, 48(22), 5172-5179. CR - Barai P., Weng G.J., "A theory of plasticity for carbon nanotube reinforced composites", International Journal of Plasticity, 2011, 27(4), 539-559. UR - https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.594734 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/948407 ER -