TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Dark Triad on Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire Leadership Styles
TT  - Karanlık Üçlünün Dönüşümsel, Etkileşimsel ve Serbest Bırakıcı Liderlik Tarzları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
AU  - Ekizler, Hüseyin
AU  - Bolelli, Murat
PY  - 2020
DA  - December
Y2  - 2020
DO  - 10.26466/opus.780707
JF  - OPUS International Journal of Society Researches
JO  - opus
PB  - İdeal Kent Yayınları
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2528-9527
SP  - 4621
EP  - 4648
VL  - 16
IS  - 32
LA  - en
AB  - Aim of this research is to examine effects of dark triad personality traits (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) on Transformational, Transactional and Laissez Faire leadership styles. Data for the research are collected through questionnaire surveys using convenience sampling method. To measure Dark Triad traits Dirty Dozen scale developed by Jonason and Webster (2010), to measure leadership styles Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5x) developed by Bass and Avolio (1995) are used. Exploratory Factor Analyses are conducted to dirty dozen and MLQ 5x scales. Dark triad traits are extracted into three, transformational leadership is extracted into two, transactional leadership is extracted into three and laissez faire leadership is extracted into a single factor. Correlation, General Linear Model and multiple regression analyses are conducted using all factors obtained. Results showed significant effect of Dark Triad traits on leadership styles. Also, regression analyses indicated positive effect of dark triad constructs on laissez faire, negative effect of Machiavellianism and psychopathy on transformational and contingency reward, positive effect of narcissism and psychopathy on management by exception passive, positive effect of Narcissism on management by exception active leadership styles. The implications of the results are discussed and future research areas are suggested.
KW  - Dark Triad
KW  - Transformational Leadership
KW  - Transactional Leadership
KW  - Laissez Faire Leadership
KW  - General Linear Model
N2  - Bu çalışmanın amacı karanlık üçlüyü oluşturan kişilik özellikleri olan Makyavelizm, narsisizm ve psikopatinin dönüşümsel, etkileşimsel ve serbest bırakıcı liderlik tarzları üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma verileri kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak internet üzerinden anket uygulanması ile elde edilmiştir. Karanlık üçlüyü ölçmek için Jonason ve Webster tarafından 2010 yılında geliştirilen Karanlık Üçlü ölçeği (Dirty Dozen), liderlik tarzlarını ölçmek için ise Çok Faktörlü Liderlik Ölçeği (MLQ 5x) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerine öncelikle keşfedici faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Karanlık üçlü üç, dönüşümsel liderlik iki, etkileşimsel liderlik üç faktöre ayrılmış, serbest bırakıcı liderlik ise tek faktör olarak belirlenmiştir. Geçerliliği ve güvenirliliği tespit edilen faktörler kullanılarak korelasyon, genel lineer model ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar karanlık üçlü özelliklerinin liderlik tarzlarını anlamlı biçimde etkilediğine işaret etmektedir. Regresyon analizleri karanlık üçlünün tüm alt boyutlarının serbest bırakıcı liderlik üzerinde pozitif etkisinin bulunduğunu, Makyavelizm ve psikopatinin dönüşümsel ve koşullu ödüllendirme üzerinde negatif etkisinin bulunduğunu, narsisizm ve psikopatinin istisnalarla yönetim – pasif üzerinde pozitif etkisinin bulunduğunu ve narsisizmin istisnalarla yönetim- aktif üzerinde pozitif etkisinin bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma bulguları sonuç bölümünde tartışılmıştır.
CR  - Aasland, M. S., Skogstad, A., Notelaers, G., Nielsen, M. B., and Einarsen, S. (2010). The prevalence of destructive leadership behaviour. British Journal of management, 21(2), 438-452. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2009.00672.x
CR  - Amernic, J. H., and Craig, R. J. (2010). Accounting as a facilitator of extreme narcissism. Journal of Business 
Ethics, 96(1), 79-93.  doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0450-0
CR  - Aydoğan, E., and Serbest, S. (2017). İş yerinde karanlık üçlü: bir kamu kuruluşunun iç denetim biriminde 
araştırma. Sayıştay Dergisi, 101, 97–121.
CR  - Babiak, P. (1995). When psychopaths go to work: A case study of an industrial psychopath. Applied 
Psychology, 44(2), 171-188. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.1995.tb01073.x
CR  - Babiak, P., and Hare, R. D. (2006). Snakes in suits: When psychopaths go to work. New York, NY: Regan Books.
CR  - Babiak, P., Neumann, C. S., and Hare, R. D. (2010). Corporate psychopathy: Talking the walk. Behavioral 
Sciences and the Law, 28(2), 174-193.  doi:10.1002/bsl.925
CR  - Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press.
CR  - Bass, B. M., and Avolio, B. J. (1995). Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire: Instrument and Scoring Guide 
(Form 5X-Short), English and Turkish Versions, Mind Garden, USA, 17-18.
CR  - Baughman, H. M., Dearing, S., Giammarco, E., and Vernon, P. A. (2012). Relationships between bullying 
behaviours and the Dark Triad: A study with adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(5), 571-575. 
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.020
CR  - Bentz, V. J. (1967). The Sears experience in the investigation, description and prediction of executive 
behavior. In F.R. Wickert and D.E. McFarland (Eds.), Measuring Executive Effectiveness (p. 147–206). New York: 
Appleton-Century-Crofts.
CR  - Bentz, V. J. (1985). Research findings from personality assessment of executives. In J.H. Bernardin and D.A. 
Bownas (Eds.), Personality assessment in organizations (p. 82–144). New York: Praeger.
CR  - Boddy, C. R. (2010). Corporate psychopaths and organizational type. Journal of Public Affairs, 10(4), 300-312.  
doi:10.1002/pa.365
CR  - MacGregor Burns, J. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
CR  - Busch, H., and Hofer, J. (2012). Self-regulation and milestones of adult development: Intimacy and 
generativity. Developmental Psychology, 48(1), 282–293.  doi:10.1037/a0025521
CR  - Carter, N. T., Guan, L., Maples, J. L., Williamson, R. L., and Miller, J. D. (2016). The downsides of extreme 
conscientiousness for psychological well‐being: The role of obsessive compulsive tendencies. Journal of 
Personality, 84(4), 510-522. doi:10.1111/jopy.12177
CR  - Castille, C. M., Buckner, J. E., and Thoroughgood, C. N. (2018). Prosocial citizens without a moral compass? 
Examining the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Journal 
of Business Ethics, 149(4), 919-930.  doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3079-9
CR  - Christie, R., and Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
CR  - Corry, N., Merritt, R. D., Mrug, S., and Pamp, B. (2008). The factor structure of the Narcissistic Personality 
Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90(6), 593-600.  doi:10.1080/00223890802388590
CR  - Crysel, L. C., Crosier, B. S., and Webster, G. D. (2013). The Dark Triad and risk behavior. Personality and 
Individual Differences, 54, 35–40.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.07.029
CR  - Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., and Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new 
Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35(2), 219-257.  doi:10.1177/0149206308318618
CR  - De Fruyt, F., Wille, B., and Furnham, A. (2013). Assessing aberrant personality in managerial coaching: 
Measurement issues and prevalence rates across employment sectors. European Journal of Personality, 
27(6), 555-564.  doi:10.1002/per.1911
CR  - DeLongis, A., Nathanson, C., and Paulhus, D. L. (2011). Revenge: Who, When, and Why. Unpublished 
manuscript, Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia.
CR  - Dicle, A., and Ertop, D. (2019). Liderlikte Etik, Toplumsal Sorumluluk, Kültür. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım 
A.Ş.
CR  - Dotlich, D., and Cairo, P. (2003). Why CEOs Fail. New York: Jossey-Bass.
CR  - Durmus B., Yurtkoru S., and Cinko M. (2016). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS’le Veri Analizi. 6th ed. İstanbul: Beta Basim 
Yayim Dağıtım.
CR  - Egan, V., and McCorkindale, C. (2007). Narcissism, vanity, personality and mating effort. Personality and 
Individual Differences, 43, 2105–2115.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.034
CR  - Ekizler, H., and Bolelli, M. (2020). The Effects of Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, Psychopathy) on the 
Use of Power Sources. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 27-44. Retrieved from 
http://www.dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/iticusbe/issue/54570/743664
CR  - Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., and Cannella, A. A. (2009). Strategic leadership: Theory and research on 
executives, top management teams and boards. New York: Oxford University Press.
CR  - Foster, J. D., Shenesey, J. W., and Goff, J. S. (2009). Why do narcissists take more risks? Testing the roles of 
perceived risks and benefits of risky behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 885–889.  
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.07.008
CR  - Furnham, A. (2010). The Elephant in the Boardroom: The Causes of Leadership Derailment. Basingstoke: 
Palgrave MacMillan.
CR  - Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., and Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review. Social 
and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(3), 199-216.  doi:10.1111/spc3.12018
CR  - Furnham, A., Trickey, G., and Hyde, G. (2012). Bright aspects to dark side traits: Dark side traits associated 
with work success. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(8), 908-913.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.01.025
CR  - Furtner, M. R., Rauthmann, J. F., and Sachse, P. (2011), The self-loving self-leader: An examination of the 
relationship between self-leadership and the Dark Triad. Social Behavior and Personality: an International 
Journal, 39(3), 369-379.  doi:10.2224/sbp.2011.39.3.369
CR  - Galperin, B. L., Bennett, R. J., and Aquino, K. (2011). Status differentiation and the protean self: A social-
cognitive model of unethical behavior in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 407-424.  
doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0556-4
CR  - Gentry, W.A., and Chappelow, C. (2009). Managerial derailment: Weaknesses that can be fixed. In R.B. Kaiser 
(Ed.), The perils of Accentuating the Positive (p. 97–114). Tulsa, OK: Hogan Press.
CR  - Goldberg, A. (1973). Psychotherapy of narcissistic injuries. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28(5), 722-726. 
doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750350090016
CR  - Greenbaum, R. L., Hill, A., Mawritz, M. B., and Quade, M. J. (2017). Employee Machiavellianism to unethical 
behavior: The role of abusive supervision as a trait activator. Journal of Management, 43(2), 585-609.  
doi:10.1177/0149206314535434
CR  - Grijalva, E., and Newman, D. A. (2015). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): Meta‐
analysis and consideration of collectivist culture, Big Five personality, and narcissism's facet structure. 
Applied Psychology, 64(1), 93-126.  doi:10.1111/apps.12025
CR  - Gustafson, S. B., and Ritzer, D. R. (1995). The dark side of normal: A psychopathy-linked pattern called 
aberrant self-promotion. European Journal of Personality, 9(3), 147–183.  doi:10.1002/per.2410090302.
CR  - Hare, R. D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and 
Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 7-16.  doi:10.1037/0022-006X.53.1.7
CR  - Harms, P. D., Spain, S. M., and Hannah, S. T. (2011). Leader development and the dark side of personality. The 
Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), 495-509. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.04.007
CR  - Harms, P. D., and Spain, S. M. (2015). Beyond the bright side: Dark personality at work. Applied Psychology, 
64(1), 15-24.  doi:10.1111/apps.12042
CR  - Hiller, N. J., and Hambrick, D. C. (2005). Conceptualizing executive hubris: the role of (hyper‐) core self‐
evaluations in strategic decision‐making. Strategic Management Journal, 26(4), 297-319.  
doi:10.1002/smj.455
CR  - Hogan, J., Hogan, R., and Kaiser, R.B. (2010). Management derailment. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of 
industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 3 (p.555–575). Washington, DC: American Psychological 
Association.
CR  - Hogan, R. (2007). Personality and the Fate of Organizations. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
CR  - Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., and Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. 
American Psychologist, 49(6), 493-504.  doi:10.1037/0003-066X.49.6.493
CR  - Hogan, R., and Hogan, J. (2001). Assessing leadership: A view from the dark side. International Journal of 
Selection and Assessment, 9(1‐2), 40-51.  doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00162
CR  - Jakobwitz, S., and Egan, V. (2006). The dark triad and normal personality traits. Personality and Individual 
Differences, 40, 331–339.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.07.006
CR  - Jonason, P. K., Li, N. P., Webster, G. D., and Schmitt, D. P. (2009). The dark triad: Facilitating a short‐term 
mating strategy in men. European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of 
Personality Psychology, 23(1), 5-18.  doi:10.1002/per.698
CR  - Jonason, P. K., and Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: A concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological 
Assessment, 22(2), 420.  doi:10.1037/a0019265
CR  - Jones, D. N. (2014). Risk in the face of retribution: psychopathic individuals persist in financial misbehavior 
among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 109–113. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.030
CR  - Jones, D. N., and Figueredo, A. J. (2013). The core of darkness: Uncovering the heart of the Dark Triad. 
European Journal of Personality, 27(6), 521-531.  doi:10.1002/per.1893
CR  - Jones, D. N., and Paulhus, D. L. (2009). Machiavellianism. In M. R. Leary and R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of 
Individual Differences in Social Behavior (p. 93–108). New York: Guilford.
CR  - Jones, D. N., and Paulhus, D. L. (2011). Differentiating the Dark Triad within the interpersonal circumplex. In L.M. 
Horowitz and S. Strack (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Psychology: Theory, Research, Assessment and 
Therapeutic Interventions (pp. 249–268). New York: Wiley.
CR  - Judge, T. A., and LePine, J. A. 2007. The bright and dark sides of personality: Implications for personnel 
selection in individual and team contexts. In J. Langan-Fox, C. L. Cooper, and R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Research 
companion to the dysfunctional workplace (pp. 332-355). Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
CR  - Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., and Kosalka, T. (2009). The bright and dark sides of leader traits: A review and 
theoretical extension of the leader trait paradigm. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(6), 855-875.  
doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.09.004
CR  - Kaiser, R. B., LeBreton, J. M., and Hogan, J. (2015). The dark side of personality and extreme leader behavior. 
Applied Psychology, 64(1), 55-92.  doi:10.1111/apps.12024
CR  - Kanten, P., Yeşiltaş, M., and Arslan, R. (2015), Kişiliğin karanlik yönünün üretkenlik karşiti iş davranişlarina 
etkisinde psikolojik sözleşmenin düzenleyici rolü. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 29(2), 
365-391. Retrieved from http://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2717/36085
CR  - Kessler, S. R., Bandelli, A. C., Spector, P. E., Borman, W. C., Nelson, C. E., and Penney, L. M. (2010). Re‐Examining 
machiavelli: A three‐dimensional model of machiavellianism in the workplace. Journal of Applied Social 
Psychology, 40(8), 1868-1896.  doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00643.x
CR  - Kets de Vries, M. (2006). The Leader on the Couch. New York: Jossey-Bass.
CR  - Kiazad, K., Restubog, S. L. D., Zagenczyk, T. J., Kiewitz, C., and Tang, R. L. (2010). In pursuit of power: The role of 
authoritarian leadership in the relationship between supervisors’ Machiavellianism and subordinates’ 
perceptions of abusive supervisory behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 44(4), 512-519.  
doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.004
CR  - Leslie, J., and Van Velsor, E. (1996). A look at derailment today. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative 
Leadership.
CR  - Lilienfeld, S. O., and Andrews, B. P. (1996). Development and preliminary validation of a self-report measure 
of psychopathic personality traits in noncriminal population. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(3), 488-
524.  doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_3
CR  - Lubit, R. (2004). Coping with Toxic Managers. New York: Prentice-Hall.
CR  - Maccoby, M. (2000). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. Harvard Business Review, 
78(1), 68–78.
CR  - Machiavelli, N. (2008). The prince. Hackett Publishing.
CR  - Mathieu, C. (2013). Personality and job satisfaction: The role of narcissism. Personality and Individual 
Differences, 55, 650-654.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.05.012
CR  - Mathieu, C., Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., and Babiak, P. (2014). A dark side of leadership: Corporate 
psychopathy and its influence on employee well-being and job satisfaction. Personality and Individual 
Differences, 59, 83-88.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.010
CR  - McCall, M.W., Jr. (2009). Every strength a weakness and other caveats. In R.B. Kaiser (Ed.), The perils of 
accentuating the positive (pp. 41–56). Tulsa, OK: Hogan Press.
CR  - McCall, M.W., Jr., and Hollenbeck, G.P. (2002). Developing global executives: The lessons of international 
experience. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
CR  - McCall, M.W., Jr., and Lombardo, M.M. (1983). Off the track: Why and how successful executives get derailed. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
CR  - Michel, J. S., and Bowling, N. A. (2013). Does dispositional aggression feed the narcissistic response? The role 
of narcissism and aggression in the prediction of job attitudes and counterproductive work behaviors. 
Journal of Business and Psychology, 28(1), 93-105.  doi:10.1007/s10869-012-9265-6
CR  - Miller, J. D., Dir, A., Gentile, B., Wilson, L., Pryor, L. R., and Campbell, W. K. (2010). Searching for a vulnerable dark 
triad: Comparing factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism, and borderline personality disorder. Journal of Personality, 78(5), 1529-1564.  doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00660.x
CR  - O'Boyle, E. H., Jr., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., and McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and 
work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557–579. 
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025679
CR  - Owens, B. P., Wallace, A. S., and Waldman, D. A. (2015). Leader narcissism and follower outcomes: The 
counterbalancing effect of leader humility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(4), 1203.  
doi:10.1037/a0038698
CR  - Özer, Ö., Uğurluoğlu, Ö., Kahraman, G., and Avcı, K. (2016). Hemşirelerin karanlık kişilik özelliklerinin sosyo-
demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 14(3), 203-
216.  doi:10.18026/cbusos.00288
CR  - Özsoy, E. and Ardiç, K. (2017). Karanlık Üçlü'nün (Narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve Psikopati) İş Tatminine Etkisinin 
İncelenmesi. Yonetim ve Ekonomi, 24(2), 391.  doi:10.18657/yonveek.297733
CR  - Özsoy, E., Rauthmann, J. F., Jonason, P. K., and Ardıç, K. (2017). Reliability and validity of the Turkish versions of 
dark triad dirty dozen (DTDD-T), short dark triad (SD3-T), and single item narcissism scale (SINS-T). 
Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 11-14. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.05.019
CR  - Paulhus, D. L., and Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of Research in Personality, 36(6), 556-563.  doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00505-6
CR  - Paunonen, S. V., Lönnqvist, J. E., Verkasalo, M., Leikas, S., and Nissinen, V. (2006). Narcissism and emergent 
leadership in military cadets. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(5), 475-486.  doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2006.06.003
CR  - Pethman, T. M., and Erlandsson, S. I. (2002). Aberrant self-promotion or subclinical psychopathy in a Swedish 
general population. The Psychological Record, 52(1), 33–50.  doi:10.1007/BF03395413
CR  - Petrenko, O. V., Aime, F., Ridge, J., and Hill, A. (2016). Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR 
motivations and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal, 37(2), 262-279.  
doi:10.1002/smj.2348
CR  - Raskin, R. N., and Hall, C. S. (1979). Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Psychological Reports, 45, 590.  
doi:10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
CR  - Rauthmann, J. F., and Kolar, G. P. (2012). How “dark” are the Dark Triad traits? Examining the perceived 
darkness of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(7), 
884-889.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.06.020
CR  - Ravindra, K., Rattan, P., Mor, S., and Aggarwal, A. N. (2019). Generalized additive models: Building evidence of 
air pollution, climate change and human health. Environment International, 132, 1-10.  
doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.104987
CR  - Ray, J. J., and Ray, J. A. B. (1982). Some apparent advantages of subclinical psychopathy. The Journal of 
Social Psychology, 117(1), 135-142.  doi:10.1080/00224545.1982.9713415
CR  - Robie, C., Brown, D. J., and Bly, P. R. (2008). Relationship between major personality traits and managerial 
performance: Moderating effects of derailing traits. International Journal of Management, 25(1), 131–139.
CR  - Skogstad, A., Einarsen, S., Torsheim, T., Aasland, M. S., and Hetland, H. (2007). The destructiveness of laissez-
faire leadership behavior. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(1), 80. doi:10.1037/1076-8998.12.1.80
CR  - Smith, M. B., and Webster, B. D. (2017). A moderated mediation model of Machiavellianism, social 
undermining, political skill, and supervisor-rated job performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 
104, 453–459. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.010
CR  - Smith, M. B., Hill, A. D., Wallace, J. C., Recendes, T., and Judge, T. A. (2018). Upsides to dark and downsides to 
bright personality: A multidomain review and future research agenda. Journal of Management, 44(1), 191-217.  doi:10.1177/0149206317733511
CR  - Smith, M. B., Craig Wallace, J., and Jordan, P. (2016). When the dark ones become darker: How promotion 
focus moderates the effects of the dark triad on supervisor performance ratings. Journal of Organizational 
Behavior, 37(2), 236-254.  doi:10.1002/job.2038
CR  - Spain, S. M., Harms, P., and LeBreton, J. M. (2014). The dark side of personality at work. Journal of 
Organizational Behavior, 35(S1), 41-60.  doi:10.1002/job.1894
CR  - Wille, B., De Fruyt, F., and De Clercq, B. (2013). Expanding and reconceptualizing aberrant personality at work: 
Validity of five‐factor model aberrant personality tendencies to predict career outcomes. Personnel 
Psychology, 66(1), 173-223.  doi:10.1111/peps.12016
CR  - Wisse, B., and Sleebos, E. (2016). When the dark ones gain power: Perceived position power strengthens the 
effect of supervisor Machiavellianism on abusive supervision in work teams. Personality and Individual 
Differences, 99, 122-126.  doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.019
CR  - Wu, J., and Lebreton, J. M. (2011). Reconsidering the dispositional basis of counterproductive work behavior: 
The role of aberrant personality. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), 593-626.  doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01220.x
CR  - Yurtkoru, S. (2001). The role of leadership in the organizational change process. Yayımlanmamış Doktora 
Tezi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
CR  - Zettler, I., Friedrich, N. and Hilbig, B. (2011), Dissecting work commitment: the role of Machiavellianism, Career 
Development International, 16(1), 20-35.  doi:10.1108/13620431111107793
UR  - https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.780707
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1241195
ER  -