TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Immediate Reactions of EFL Learners towards Total Digitalization at Higher Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic
AU  - Yüce, Erkan
PY  - 2022
DA  - January
DO  - 10.30831/akukeg.939836
JF  - Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences
PB  - Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1308-1659
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - The current study focused on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ immediate reactions towards total digitalization at higher education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Accordingly, the perceptions of EFL learners on online foreign language learning during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of online foreign language classes during the pandemic from the viewpoints of the participants studying at a public university in Turkey, the study questioned whether the participants preferred online foreign language classes or traditional face-to-face foreign language classes. The study adopted the phenomenological method of qualitative design and employed open-ended questions to collect data. The data were analyzed by following a bottom-up strategy, and the categories were formed inductively. The results showed that online foreign language classes had both positive and negative aspects for the learners. Additionally, it was found that more than half of the participants preferred traditional face-to-face foreign language classes to online foreign language classes.
KW  - digitalization
KW  - EFL
KW  - higher education
KW  - COVID-19 pandemic
CR  - Alavi, M. (1994). Computer-mediated collaborative learning: an empirical evaluation. MIS Quarterly, 18(2), 159–174. https://doi.org/10.2307/249763
CR  - Allo, M. D. G. (2020). Is the online learning good in the midst of Covid-19 Pandemic ? The case of EFL learners. Jurnal Sinestesia, 10(1), 1–10.
CR  - Altam, S. (2020). Influence of social media on EFL Yemeni learners in Indian Universities during Covid-19 Pandemic. Linguistics and Culture Review, 4(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.37028/lingcure.v4n1.19
CR  - Atmojo, A. E. P., & Nugroho, A. (2020). EFL classes must go online! teaching activities and challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Register Journal, 13(1), 49–76. https://doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v13i1.49-76
CR  - Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S.-L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.10.005
CR  - Barr, R. B., & Tagg, J. (1995). From teaching to learning-a new paradigm for undergraduate education. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 27(6), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.1995.10544672
CR  - Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2013). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences: Pearson new international Edition. Pearson Education Limited.
CR  - Bernard, H. R. (2000). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications.
CR  - Bestari, A. C. Y., Faiza, D., & Mayekti, M. H. (2020). Instagram caption as online learning media on the subject of extended writing during pandemic of Covid-19. Surakarta English and Literature Journal, 3(1), 9–21. http://ejournal.unsa.ac.id/index.php/selju/article/view/359
CR  - Casey, D. M. (2008). A journey to legitimacy: The historical development of distance education through technology. TechTrends, 52(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-008-0135-z
CR  - Coffin, R. J., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1999). Motivational influences on computer-related affective states. Computers in Human Behavior, 15(5), 549–569. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(99)00036-9
CR  - Creswell, J W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson.
CR  - Creswell, J W, & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
CR  - Creswell, John W, & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice, 39(3), 124–130. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip3903\_2
CR  - Ellis, R. (1997). SLA and language pedagogy: An educational perspective. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19(1), 69–92. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44488668
CR  - Fansury, A. H., Januarty, R., Rahman, A. W., & Syawal. (2020). Digital content for millennial generations: Teaching the English foreign language learner on COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.55.3.40
CR  - Hakami, M. (2020). Using Nearpod as a tool to promote active learning in higher education in a BYOD learning environment. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n1p119
CR  - Handayani, F., & Handayani, N. D. (2020). The potential of online writing tools for EFL university students during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of English Education, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.30606/jee.v6i1.406
CR  - Harida, E. S. (2020). Students’ learning in Corona virus diseases 2019 (Covid-19) situation. ENGLISH EDUCATION English Journal for Teaching and Learning, 08(01), 25–37. http://jurnal.iainpadangsidimpuan.ac.id/index.php/EEJ
CR  - Hartshorn, K. J., & Mcmurry, B. L. (2020). The effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on ESL learners and TESOL practitioners in the United States. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 2, 140–156. https://doi.org/10.46451/ijts.2020.09.11
CR  - Juhary, J. (2012). Online comments for language learning: a pilot study. Procedia Technology, 1,297–302. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.02.063
CR  - Kanno, M. (2020). Maintaining and enhancing students’ collaborative learning in a Japanese EFL higher education context. Journal of Education, Innovation, and Communication, June Special Issue, 91–106. https://doi.org/10.34097/jeicom_sp_june2020_4
CR  - Knight, S. W. P. (2020). Establishing professional online communities for world language educators. Foreign Language Annals, 53(2), 298–305. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12458
CR  - Layali, K., & Al-Shlowiy, A. (2020). Students’ perceptions of e-learning for ESL / EFL in Saudi Universities and their implications during Coronavirus Pandemic: A review of literature. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 8(1), 64–72. http://www.eltsjournal.org/archive/value8%20issue1/9-8-1-20.pdf
CR  - Lee, A. R., & Bailey, D. R. (2020). Learning from experience in the midst of covid-19: Benefits, challenges, and strategies in online teaching. Call-Ej, 21(2), 176–196. http://callej.org/journal/21-2/Bailey-Lee2020.pdf
CR  - Lomicka, L. (2020). Creating and sustaining virtual language communities. Foreign Language Annals, 53(2), 306–313. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12456
CR  - Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. John Wiley \& Sons.
CR  - Njenga, J., & Fourie, L. (2010). The myths about e-learning in higher education. Br. J. Educ. Technol., 41, 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2008.00910.x
CR  - Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage.
CR  - Scott, D., & Morrison, M. (2007). Key ideas in educational research. Bloomsbury Academic.
CR  - Shaaban, S. S. A. (2020). TEFL professors’ e-learning experiences during the Covid 19 pandemic. European Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 5(1), 82–97. https://doi.org/10.46827/ejfl.v5i1.3202
CR  - Shahzad, S. K., Hussain, J., Sadaf, N., Sarwat, S., Ghani, U., & Saleem, R. (2020). Impact of virtual teaching on ESL learners’ attitudes under COVID-19 circumstances at postgraduate level in Pakistan. In English Language Teaching (Vol. 13, Issue 9, pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n9p1
CR  - Shaw, R.-S. (2012). A study of the relationships among learning styles, participation types, and performance in programming language learning supported by online forums. Computers & Education, 58(1), 111–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.08.013
CR  - Shaw, R.-S. (2013). The relationships among group size, participation, and performance of programming language learning supported with online forums. Computers & Education, 62, 196–207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.11.001
CR  - Thorne, S. (2000). EBN notebook data analysis in qualitative research. EBN Notebook, 3, 68–70. https://doi:10.1136/ebn.3.3.68
CR  - Tsai, M.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2003). Information searching strategies in web-based science learning: the role of internet self-efficacy. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 40(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1355800032000038822
CR  - Tuncay, N., & Uzunboylu, H. (2012). English language teachers’ success in blended and online e-learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 131–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.626
CR  - World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT-1. Accessed 16 September, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200121-sitrep-1-2019-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=20a99c10_4
CR  - World Health Organization (WHO) (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) SITUATION REPORT- 22. Accessed 16 September, 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fb6d49b1_2
CR  - Yang, Y., & Lin, N. C. (2010). Internet perceptions, online participation and language learning in Moodle forums: A case study on nursing students in Taiwan. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 2647–2651. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.388
CR  - Yi, Y., & Jang, J. (2020). Envisioning possibilities amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications from English language teaching in South Korea. TESOL Journal, 11(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.543
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.939836
L1  - http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1777721
ER  -