TY  - JOUR
T1  - E-TİCARETİN ULUSLARARASI TİCARETE ETKİLERİNİN ANALİZİ: G20 ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
TT  - ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF E-COMMERCE ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE: A STUDY ON G20 COUNTRIES
AU  - Kalaycı, Cemalettin
AU  - Artan, Seyfettin
AU  - Acaravcı, Ali
AU  - Demirel, Selim Koray
PY  - 2021
DA  - October
DO  - 10.18092/ulikidince.986687
JF  - Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi
JO  - IJEAS
PB  - Kenan ÇELİK
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1307-9832
SP  - 103
EP  - 116
IS  - 33
LA  - tr
AB  - Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle birlikte 2000’li yıllardan sonra bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelere bağlı olarak ülkelerin ticaret yapılarında önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Özellikle internet kullanımının küresel düzeyde yaygınlaşması uluslararası ticaretin elektronik ortamda gerçekleşmesine imkan sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, e-ticaretin uluslararası ticaret üzerindeki etkileri panel çekim modeli kullanılarak 2014-2019 döneminde G20 ülkeleri için test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, e-ticaret, ithalatçı ülkelerin pazar büyüklü-ğü, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ve mobil telefon kullanımındaki artışın ülkeler arasındaki ikili ticareti pozitif olarak etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ticaretin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümenin temel belir-leyicilerinden biri olduğu dikkate alındığında politika uygulayıcılarının, internet kullanımını yaygınlaştırarak, e-ticareti arttıracak, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeleri destekleyen alt yapı yatırımlarına ağırlık vermeleri önem arz etmektedir.
KW  - E-ticaret
KW  - Uluslararası ticaret
KW  - Çekim modeli
KW  - Panel veri analizi
N2  - With the effect of globalization, significant changes have occurred in the trade structures of countries due to the developments in information and communication technologies after the 2000s. Especially, the widespread use of the internet at the global level has enabled international trade to take place in the electronic environment. In this study, the effects of e-commerce on international trade were tested for G20 countries in the 2014-2019 period using the panel gravity model. According to the results; e-commerce, market size of importing countries, developments in information and communication technologies and the increase in the use of mobile phones have a positive effect on bilateral trade between countries. Considering that trade is one of the main determinants of sustainable economic growth, it becomes more important for policy makers to focus on infrastructure investments that will expand the use of the internet, increase e-commerce and support developments in information and communication technologies.
CR  - Alfonso, V., Boar, C., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L. ve Liu, J. (2021). E-commerce in the Pandemic and Beyond. BIS Bulletin, No: 36. Erişim Adresi https://www.bis.org/publ/bisbull36.pdf
CR  - Anvari, R. D. ve Norouzi, D. (2016). The Impact of E-commerce and R&D on Economic Development in Some Selected Countries. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 229, 354-362.
CR  - Artan, S. ve Kalaycı, C. (2009). İnternetin Uluslararasi Ticaret Üzerindeki Etkileri: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 175-187.
CR  - Baltagi, B. H. (2021). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data (6th Edition). Germany: Springer.
CR  - Bankole, F. O., Osei-Bryson, K. M.ve Brown, I. (2015). The Impact of Information and Communications Technology Infrastructure and Complementary Factors on Intra-African Trade. Information Technology for Development, 21(1), 12-28.
CR  - Choi, C. (2010). The Effect of the Internet on Service Trade. Economics Letters, 109(2), 102-104.
CR  - Clarke, G. R. G. (2008). Has the Internet Increased Exports for Firms from Low and Middle-İncome Countries?. Information Economics and Policy, 20(1), 16-37.
CR  - Clarke, G. R. G. ve Wallsten, S. J. (2006). Has the Internet Increased Trade? Developed and Developing Country Evidence. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 465-484.
CR  - Freund, C.L. ve Weinhold, D. (2000a). On the Effect of the Internet on International Trade. Federal Reserve Board of Governors International Finance Working Paper 693. Erişim Adresi https://ideas.repec.org/p/fip/fedgif/693.html
CR  - Freund, C.L. ve Weinhold, D.(2000b). An Empirical Investigation of The Internet and International Trade: The Case Of Bolivia. Documentos de trabajo 5/2000, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Económicas (IISEC), Universidad Católica Boliviana. Erişim Adresi https://ideas.repec.org/p/ris/iisecd/2000_005.html
CR  - Freund, C. L. ve Weinhold, D. (2004). The Effect of the Internet on International Trade. Journal of International Economics, 62(1), 171-189.
CR  - IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2021). Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS). Erişim Adresi https://data.imf.org/?sk=9D6028D4-F14A-464C-A2F2-59B2CD424B85
CR  - Lin, F.(2014). Estimating the Effect of the Internet on International Trade. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 24(3), 409-428.
CR  - Nath, H. K. ve Liu, L. (2017). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Services Trade. Information Economics and Policy, 41, 81-87.
CR  - Özcan, B. (2018). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and International Trade: Evidence from Turkey. Eurasian Economic Review, 8(1), 93-113.
CR  - Pöyhönen, P. (1963). A Tentative Model for the Volume of Trade between Countries. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 90, 93-100.
CR  - Statista (2021). Retail E-commerce Sales Worldwide from 2014 to 2024. Erişim Adresi https://www.statista.com/statistics/379046/worldwide-retail-e-commerce-sales/
CR  - Tang, L. (2006). Communication Costs and Trade of Differentiated Goods. Review of International Economics, 14(1), 54-68.
CR  - Time and Date (2021). Distance Calculator. Erişim Adresi http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/distance.html
CR  - Timmis, J. (2012). The Internet and International Trade in Goods. Discussion Papers in Economics, No: 12/03, 1-43. Erişim Adresi 
http://beta.nottingham.ac.uk/economics/documents/discussion-papers/12-03.pdf
CR  - Tinbergen, J. (1962). Shaping the World Economy; Suggestions for an International Economic Policy. Twentieth Century Fund, New York.
CR  - UNCTAD (2017). UNCTAD Estimates of Global E-Commerce 2017: UNCTAD Technical Notes on ICT for Development, No: 9. Erişim Adresi https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tn_unctad_ict4d09_en.pdf
CR  - UNCTAD (2018). UNCTAD Estimates of Global E-Commerce 2018: UNCTAD Technical Notes on ICT for Development, No: 15. Erişim Adresi https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tn_unctad_ict4d15_en.pdf
CR  - UNCTAD (2020). The UNCTAD B2C E-Commerce Index 2020: Spotlight on Latin America and the Caribbean. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tn_unctad_ict4d17_en.pdf
CR  - Vemuri, V. K. ve Siddiqi, S. (2009). Impact of Commercialization of the Internet on International Trade: A Panel Study Using the Extended Gravity Model. The International Trade Journal, 23(4), 458-484.
CR  - Wang, Y., Wang, Y. ve Lee, S. H. (2017). The Effect of Cross-Border E-Commerce on China’s International Trade: An Empirical Study Based on Transaction Cost Analysis. Sustainability, 9(11), 1-13.
CR  - World Bank (2021). World Development Indicators. Erişim Adresi https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators
CR  - World Economic Forum (2020). The Global Information Technology Report. Erişim Adresi https://www.weforum.org/reports?year=2020#filter
CR  - Xing, Z. (2018). The Impacts of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and E-Commerce on Bilateral Trade Flows. International Economics and Economic Policy, 15(3), 565-586.
CR  - Zhiyuan, L. (2018). The Influences of E-Commerce on International Trade-Evidence from Zhejiang Province of China. 2nd International Conference on Management,  521-525, Qingdao, Çin.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.986687
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1940292
ER  -