TY - JOUR T1 - Sosyal Medyada ‘Benliğin Sunumu’: Benlik ve Mahremiyetin Sunumunun Bireysel ve Toplumsal Anlamı Üzerine Sosyolojik Bir Değerlendirme TT - ‘Presentation of Self’ in Social Media: A Sociological Evaluation of the Individual and Social Meaning of Presentation of Self and Privacy AU - Suveren, Yaşar AU - Zeren Kosal, Ayşe Gül PY - 2021 DA - December DO - 10.32709/akusosbil.990991 JF - Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi JO - AKÜSBD PB - Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1302-1265 SP - 1226 EP - 1241 VL - 23 IS - 4 LA - tr AB - Bu çalışma, günümüzde benliğin ve mahremiyetin sosyal medya ve ağlardaki sunumu sorunsalını ele almaktadır. Bunu yaparken Ervin Goffman’ın sunduğu kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçeveden yararlanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, günümüzde benliğin ve mahremiyetin sosyal medya ve ağlardaki sunumu ile gerçeklikteki halleri arasında önemli farklılıklar ve gerilimler olduğunu savunmaktadır. Çalışma, sosyal medya platformlarının ve kullanıcılarının benliklerini başkalarına sunma arzusu içinde olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu arzuyu karşılama doğrultusunda insanlar kendilerini çevrim içi dünyalardaki benlikleri ile ‘gerçek dünya’daki benliklerini sunarken sıklıkla manipülatif stratejiler izlemektedirler. İnsanın sosyal davranışlarının ve sosyal ilişkilerinin sonucu olarak, daha geniş toplumsal çevreler tarafından kabul görme ve takdir edilme ihtiyacından kaynaklanan iyi ve olumlu izlenimler yaratma niyeti, bireylerin benliklerini çevrimiçi ortamda en uygun şekilde sunma taktiklerini kullanmalarına yol açabilmektedir. Sosyal ağlar, bu hedeflere ulaşmak için benlik sunumları için oldukça çeşitlenen seçenekler sunmaktadır. Ancak bu her zaman istenilen sonuçlara ulaşılmasını sağlamamakta ve istenmeyen olumsuz izlenimler edinilmesi gibi sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu durum hem bireysel hem de toplumsal ilişkilere ve etkileşimlere zarar vererek yanılsamalar üzerine kurulu bir yaşam sürdürülmesine neden olmaktadır. KW - Benlik sunumu KW - sosyal medya KW - sosyal ağlar KW - izlenim yönetimi KW - sosyal etkileşim N2 - This study deals with the problem of self-presentation and privacy in social media and networks today. While doing this, it makes use of the theoretical and conceptual framework presented by Erving Goffman. In this context, the study argues important differences and tensions between self-presentation in social media and networks and reality. The study shows that social media platforms and their users have a desire to present their selves to others. To satisfy this desire, people often use manipulative strategies when presenting their selves online. As a normal characteristic of people, the intention to create good and positive impressions stemming from the need to be accepted and appreciated by the wider social circles leads individuals to use the tactics of presenting themselves most appropriately manners in online platforms. Social media and social networks offer a wide variety of options for self-presentations to achieve these goals. However, this does not always provide the desired results and may lead to undesired negative impressions. This situation harms both individual and social relations and interactions, leading to a life based on illusions. CR - Alvarez, K., & Hua Chen, V. H. (2021). Cultivating community: Presentation of self among women game streamers in Singapore and the Philippines. Conference Paper, Proceedings of the 54th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii. CR - Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, friendships, and online groups. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/11/28/teens-friendships-and-online-groups/ (Erişim tarihi: 17.08.2021). CR - Bange, S., Järventie-Thesleff, R., & Tienari, J. (2020). Boundaries, roles and identities in an online organization. Journal of Management Inquiry. 0 (00), 1-15. doi.org/10.1177/1056492620968913 CR - Beames, S., Andkjær, S., & Radmann, A. (2021). Alone with Goffman: Impression management and the TV series. Frontiers in Communication, 6, 1-9. doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.676555 CR - Birnholtz, J., Burke, M., & Steele, A. (2017). Untagging on social media: Who untags, what do they untag, and why? Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 166-173. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.008 CR - Boyd, D. (2008). Facebook’s privacy train wreck: Exposure, invasion, and social convergence. Convergence, 14(1), 13-20. CR - Boyd, D. (2011). Social network sites as networked publics: Affordances, dynamics, and implications. Z. Papacharissi (Ed), A networked self: Identity, community, and culture on social network sites içinde (ss. 39-58). London: Routledge. CR - Bullingham, L., & Vasconcelos, A. (2013). “The Presentation of Self in the Online World”: Goffman and the study of online identities. Journal of Information Science, 39(1), 101-112. doi.org/10.1177/0165551512470051 CR - Carter, M. J., & Montes Alvarado, A. (2019). Symbolic interactionism as a methodological framework. P. Liamputtong (Ed), Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences içinde (ss. 169-187). New York: Springer. doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_62 CR - Chen, A. (2019). From attachment to addiction: The mediating role of need satisfaction on social networking sites. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 80-92. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.03.034 CR - Choi, T. R., & Sung, Y. (2018). Instagram versus Snapchat: Self-expression and privacy concern on social media. Telematics and Informatics, 35, 2289-2298. doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.09.009 CR - Çavuşoğlu, B. (2020). Yeni medya ve mahremiyet: İstanbul üniversitesi iletişim fakültesi öğrencilerinin facebook’a bakış açıları üzerine bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul. CR - DeVito, M. A., Birnholtz, J., & Hancock, J.T. (2017). Platforms, people, and perception: Using affordances to understand self-presentation on social media. Proceedings of ACM CSCW’17 (ss. 740-754). Portland. doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998192 CR - Dumas, T., Smith, M. M., Davis, J. P., & Giulietti, P. A. (2017). Lying or longing for likes? Narcissism, peer belonging, loneliness and normative versus deceptive like-seeking on Instagram in emerging adulthood. Computer Human Behavior, 71, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.037 CR - Evans, S. K., Pearce, K. E., Vitak, J., & Treem, J.W. (2017). Explicating affordances: A conceptual framework for understanding affordances in communication research. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 22(1), 35-52. doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12180 CR - Ezzat, H. (2020). The making of an Egyptian social media influencer. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(11), 76-93. doi.org/10.53333/IJICC2013/141108 CR - Facebook. What names are allowed on Facebook? (2020). Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/help/112146705538576/ (Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2021). CR - Franchina, V., & Lo Coco, G. (2018). The influence of social media use on body image concerns. International Journal of Psychoanalysis and Education, X(1), 5–14. CR - Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: The Overlook Press. CR - Goffman, E. (2009). Günlük Yaşamda Benliğin Sunumu (Barış Cezar, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis. CR - Gulmammadzada, U. ve Işıklı, Ş. (2020). Instagram’da benlik sunumu: Takipçi etkisi üzerine dramaturjik bir inceleme. AJIT-e: Bilişim Teknolojileri Online Dergisi, 11(43), 74-104. doi: 10.5824/ajite.2020.04.004.x CR - Gül Ünlü, D., Kuş, O. ve Göksu, O. (2020). “Videolarda gerçek hayattaki gibi değilim, rol yapmaktayım”: TikTok kullanıcılarının benlik performansları üzerine bir inceleme. Intermedia International E-journal, 7(12), 115- 128. doi: 10.21645/intermedia.2020.70 CR - Harkin, B., Yates, A., Riach, M., Clowes, A., Cole, S. ve Cummings, C. (2021). “I want to see people’s reactions to the selfies”: A Lefebvrian analysis of the impact of social networking sites on physical, mental, and emotional functioning. Social Science Computer Review, 20(10), 1-21. doi.org/10.1177/0894439321994222 CR - Harris, E., & Bardey, A.C. (2019). Do Instagram profiles accurately portray personality? An investigation into idealized online self-Presentation. Frontiers Psychology, 10, 871. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00871 CR - Hearn, A. (2017). Verified: Self-presentation, identity management, and selfhood in the age of big data. Popular Communication, 15(2), 62-77. doi:10.1080/15405702.2016.1269909 CR - Heston, M., & Birnholtz, J. (2016). (In)visible cities: An exploration of social identity, anonymity, and location-based filtering on Yik Yak. iConference 2016 Proceedings, İllinois. doi.org/10.9776/16152 CR - Hollenbaugh, E.E. (2019). Privacy management among social media natives: An exploratory study of Facebook and Snapchat. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 1-14. doi.org/10.1177/2056305119855144 CR - Hollenbaugh, E.E. (2021). Self-Presentation in social media: Review and research opportunities. Review of Communication Research, 9, 80-98. doi.org/10.12840/ISSN.2255-4165.027 CR - Jande, L. V., Ibrahim, N., Bahru, J., & Aireen, N. (2020). The presentation of self and identity construction in virtual world: A case study of Avakin life. LSP International Journal, 7(2), 107-118. doi.org/10.11113/lspi.v7.15271 CR - Jo, S., Yim, H.W., Lee, H., Lee, H.C., Choi, J. ve Baek, K. (2017). The internet game use-elicited symptom screen proved to be a valid tool for adolescents aged 10-19 years. Acta Paediatrica, 107(3), 511-516. doi.org/10.1111/apa.14087 CR - Jones, E. E., & Pittman, T.S. (1982). Toward a general theory of strategic self-presentation. J. Suls (Ed), Psychological Perspectives on the Self içinde (ss. 231-262). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. CR - Kellner, D. (2019). Media Culture. Cultural studies, identity and politics between the modern and the postmodern. London: Routledge. CR - Lankton, N. K., McKnight, D. H., & Tripp, J. F. (2017). Facebook privacy management strategies: A cluster analysis of user privacy behaviors. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 149-163. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.015 CR - Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R.M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34 CR - Morelock, J., & Narita, F. Z. (2018). Public sphere and world-system: Theorizing populism at the margins. J. Morelock (Ed), Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism içinde (ss. 135-153). London: University of Westminster Press. CR - Muñoz-Rodríguez, J. M., Hernández-Serrano, M. J., & Tabernero, C. (2020). Digital identity levels in older learners: A new focus for sustainable lifelong education and inclusion. Sustainability, 12(24), 10657. doi.org/10.3390/su122410657 CR - Nova, F. F., DeVito, M. A., Saha, P., Rashid, K. S., Roy Turzo, S., Afrin, S., & Guha, S. (2021). “Facebook promotes more harassment”. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 5(CSCW1), 1-35. doi.org/10.1145/3449231 CR - Omori, K. (2014). Cultural differences in self-presentation on social networking sites: A cross-cultural comparison between American and Japanese college students. International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 4(1):47-60. doi:10.4018/ijicst.2014010104 CR - Özkan, K. D. (2021). Küreselleşme, sosyal ağlar ve gözetim toplumu bağlamında mahremiyet sorunları: Instagram içerik analizi. Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(22), 69-88. doi: 10.34189/asbd.8.22.004 CR - Reinikainen, H., Tan, T. M., Luoma-aho, V., & Salo, J. (2021). Making and breaking relationships on social media: The impacts of brand and influencer betrayals. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171, 120990. doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120990 CR - Sá, M. J., Serpa, S., Ferreira, C. M., & Santos, A.I. (2020). Social media centrality in identity (Re)construction in higher education. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 10(1), 11-22. doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2020-0002 CR - Santoso, N. R., Nombrado, M., De Guzman, M. T., Yumul, S. D., & Mariano, R. M. (2021). Teachers’ professional identity construction on Facebook using the teacher-student interaction perspective. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 5(1-23). doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v5i1.2763 CR - Schlenker, B. R. (1985). Identity and self-identification. B.R. Schlenker (Ed), The self and social life içinde (ss. 65-99). New York: McGraw-Hill CR - Selim, H. A., Long, K. M., & Vignoles, V. L. (2014). Exploring Identity Motives in Twitter Usage in Saudi Arabia and the UK. B.K. Wiederhold ve G. Riva (Eds), Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine Positive Change: Connecting the Virtual and the Real içinde (ss. 128-132). Amsterdam: IOS Press. CR - Selim, H. A., Scott, G. G., & Kaye, L. K. (2021). A cross-cultural study to explore the differential impacts of online social capital on psychosocial outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3(1-10). doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100087 CR - Seo, J., Lee, C., Lee, Y., Bhang, S., & Lee, D. (2021). The type of daily life stressors associated with social media use in adolescents with problematic internet/Smartphone use. Psychiatry Investigation, 18(3), 241-248. doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0060 CR - Serpa, S., & Ferreira, C.M. (2018). Goffman’s backstage revisited: Conceptual relevance in contemporary social interactions. International Journal of Social Science Studies, 6(10), 74. doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i10.3659 CR - Solmaz, O. (2017). The presentation of self in social networking sites: An introduction, theory and the current state of the scholarship. Electronic Journal of New Media, 5(1), 49-59. doi.org/10.17932/iau.ejnm.25480200.2021/ejnm_v5i1005 CR - Tsay-Vogel, M., Shanahan, J., & Signorielli, N. (2018). Social media cultivating perceptions of privacy: A 5-year analysis of privacy attitudes and self-disclosure behaviors among Facebook users. New Media ve Society, 20 (1), 141-161. doi.org/10.1177/1461444816660731 CR - Wright, M. F. (Ed.). (2017). Identity, Sexuality, and Relationships among Emerging Adults in the Digital Age. Pennsylvania: IGI Global. CR - Yang, M., Cao, C., & Liao, H. (2018). Social media privacy concerns and self-presentation. International Joint Conference on Information, Media and Engineering (ICIME), Osaka, Japan. CR - Yıldız, İ. (2021). Sosyal medya ve mahremiyet sorunsalı: Panoptikondan süperpanoptikona mahremiyetin dönüşümü. Abant Kültürel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(11), 122-132. UR - https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.990991 L1 - http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1956817 ER -