Aim: To investigate the primary hematuria-causing factors in our clinic and their importance in diagnose.

Material and method: In the present study, hematuria cases admitted to our clinic between January 1995 and December 1999 were retrospectively evaluated. Entity and frequency of these hematuria cases in the patient population of our clinic were also investigated.

Results: Fifty nine (53.2 %) of cases were male and 52 (46.8%) were female, and mean average age was 7.2 ± 3.4 (One month-16 years) year. Macroscopic hematuria was seen in only 29 patients (26.1 %). Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis was determined to be most frequent cause of hematuria in 39 cases (35.1%). Nephrotic syndrome and urinary tract infection were second and third causes, respectively.

Conclusion: In developing countries frequency of acute poststreptococcic glomerulonephrite the most common cause of hematuria in our serial, was diminished by decrease on streptococcal infections, maintain its importance in our region.