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Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 34 - 46, 23.12.2021

Öz

The novel coronavirus – officially named COVID-19 – is rapidly spreading from its epicenter in Wuhan to the rest of China and the world. There have been 5,404,512 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 343,514 deaths, reported to World Health Organization in 25 May 2020. Business face revenue losses and quarantine policies propagate worldwide and restrict travel, trade and industry. The very crucial negative influences were on the demand side, with national and international civil aviation flights critically affected in the short-term. The aim of study analyzes the changes in the abnormal return of the relevant stocks around the date of COVID-19 to investigate the rebound of the stock market. The transportation economy's stock market value for Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe weakly impacted the region 's abnormal return that suffered from a global event-based pandemic. As a result, all civil aviation stakeholders should try to get rid of this global crisis with minimal damage, focusing on coordination, transparency and traceability by using information systems and tools.

Kaynakça

  • Abodunrin, O., Oloye, G., & Adesola, B. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and its implication on global economy. International journal of arts, languages and business studies, 4.
  • Abubakar, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19): Effect and Survival Strategy for Businesses. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2).
  • ACI, C., & IATA, I. ICCAIA, Aviation Benefits Report, 19, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/AVIATION-BENEFITS-2019-web.pdf
  • Akyildirim, E., Corbet, S., Efthymiou, M., Guiomard, C., O'Connell, J. F., & Sensoy, A. (2020). The financial market effects of international aviation disasters. International Review of Financial Analysis, 69, 101468.
  • Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Pierdzioch, C., & Wohar, M. E. (2018). Terror attacks and stock-market fluctuations: Evidence based on a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles test for the G7 countries. The European Journal of Finance, 24(4), 333-346.
  • Bastola, A., Sah, R., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Lal, B. K., Jha, R., Ojha, H. C., ... & Pandey, B. D. (2020). The first 2019 novel coronavirus case in Nepal. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(3), 279-280.
  • Blalock, G., Kadiyali, V., & Simon, D. H. (2007). The impact of post-9/11 airport security measures on the demand for air travel. The Journal of Law and Economics, 50(4), 731-755.
  • Blunk, S. S., Clark, D. E., & McGibany, J. M. (2006). Evaluating the long-run impacts of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on US domestic airline travel. Applied economics, 38(4), 363-370.
  • Bogoch, I. I., Creatore, M. I., Cetron, M. S., Brownstein, J. S., Pesik, N., Miniota, J., ... & Yoon, J. W. (2015). Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak. The Lancet, 385(9962), 29-35.
  • Borenstein, S., & Zimmerman, M. B. (1988). Market incentives for safe commercial airline operation. The American Economic Review, 913-935.
  • Bosch, J. C., Eckard, E. W., & Singal, V. (1998). The competitive impact of air crashes: Stock market evidence. The Journal of Law and Economics, 41(2), 503-519.
  • Brounen, D., & Derwall, J. (2010). The impact of terrorist attacks on international stock markets. European Financial Management, 16(4), 585-598.
  • Brown, S. J., & Warner, J. B. (1985). Using daily stock returns: The case of event studies. Journal of financial economics, 14(1), 3-31.
  • Chance, D. M., & Ferris, S. P. (1987). The effect of aviation disasters on the air transport industry: a financial market perspective. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 151-165.
  • Chen, C. J., Chen, S., & Su, X. (2001). Is accounting information value-relevant in the emerging Chinese stock market?. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 10(1), 1-22.
  • Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. Ieee Access, 4, 2292-2303.
  • Economics, I. A. T. A. (2018). Economic Performance of the Airline Industry.
  • Elyasiani, E., Mansur, I., & Odusami, B. (2011). Oil price shocks and industry stock returns. Energy Economics, 33(5), 966-974.
  • FCE, J. K. K., & Welbeck, B. A. The Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Impact On Economies And Employment. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/42784671/THE_CORONAVIRUS_PANDEMIC_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_ECONOMIES_AND_EMPLOYMENT
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Available at SSRN 3557504.
  • Forecasting, O. E. (2005). The economic and social benefits of air transport. Geneva, switzerland, air transport action group.
  • Goh, C. F., & Rasli, A. (2014). Stock Investors’ Confidence on Low-cost and Traditional Airlines in Asia during Financial Crisis of 2007–2009. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 31-38. Hagedorn, M., & Mitman, K. (2020). Corona Policy According to HANK.
  • Hammersley, J. S., Myers, L. A., & Shakespeare, C. (2008). Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Review of Accounting Studies, 13(1), 141-165.
  • Henderson, V. (2003). The urbanization process and economic growth: The so-what question. Journal of Economic growth, 8(1), 47-71.
  • Ito, H., & Lee, D. (2005). Assessing the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on US airline demand. Journal of Economics and Business, 57(1), 75-95.
  • Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long‐term alliance success: the role of the alliance function. Strategic management journal, 23(8), 747-767. Kaplanski, G., & Levy, H. (2010). Sentiment and stock prices: The case of aviation disasters. Journal of Financial Economics, 95(2), 174-201.
  • Kim, E., & Rhee, M. (2017). How airlines learn from airline accidents: An empirical study of how attributed errors and performance feedback affect learning from failure. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58, 135-143.
  • Kim, H., & Gu, Z. (2004). Impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the return and risk of airline stocks. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(2), 150-163.
  • Kolaric, S., & Schiereck, D. (2016). Are stock markets efficient in the face of fear? Evidence from the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. Finance Research Letters, 18, 306-310.
  • Lee, W. Y., Jiang, C. X., & Indro, D. C. (2002). Stock market volatility, excess returns, and the role of investor sentiment. Journal of banking & Finance, 26(12), 2277-2299.
  • Li, W. C., Harris, D., Hsu, Y. L., & Wang, T. (2011). Understanding pilots’ cognitive processes for making in-flight decisions under stress.
  • Liu, Y., Funk, S., & Flasche, S. (2020). The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019. Wellcome Open Research, 5(58), 58.
  • Loh, E. (2006). The Impact of SARS on the Performance and Risk Profile of Airline Stocks. The Impact of SARS on the Performance and Risk Profile of Airline Stocks., 1000-1022.
  • Lucchese, M., & Pianta, M. (2020). The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn?. Intereconomics, 55, 98-104.
  • MacDonald, M. (2017, March). Annual Analyses of the EU Air Transport Market 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2016_eu_air_transport_industry_analyses_report.pdfv
  • Mwangi, F. K. (2013). The effect of macroeconomic variables on financial performance of aviation industry in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation), University of Nairobi.
  • Nandha, M., & Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view. Energy economics, 30(3), 986-997.
  • Nseobot, I. R., Ahmed Soomro, M., Effiong, A. I., Muhiyuddin Solangi, G., Idongesit, M., & Ali Soomro, F. (2020). COVID-19: A Situation Analysis of Nigeria’s Economy. Abere, OJ, Survival Analysis of Novel Corona Virus (2019-Ncov) Using Nelson Aalen Survival Estimate. International Journal of Business Education and Management Studies, 3(1), P30-40.
  • O’Connell, J. F., & Bueno, O. E. (2018). A study into the hub performance Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways and their competitive position against the major European hubbing airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 69, 257-268.
  • Pearson, J., O'Connell, J. F., Pitfield, D. E., & Ryley, T. (2015). Competition between Asian Network Airlines and Low-Cost Carriers: Strategic Analysis. Transportation Research Record, 2501(1), 56-65.
  • Peng, P. W., Ho, P. L., & Hota, S. S. (2020). Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know. British journal of anaesthesia, 124(5), 497-501.
  • Pham, K. H., & Luengo-Oroz, M. (2020). From plague to coronavirus: On the value of ship traffic data for epidemic modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.02253.
  • Rodrigue, J. P. (2016). The geography of transport systems. Taylor & Francis. [Pearce, B. (2020, March 5). IATA Economics. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics/
  • Song, W., & Ma, Y. (2006). Hub-and-spoke system in air transportation and its implications to regional economic development. Chinese Geographical Science, 16(3), 211-216.
  • Tam, R., & Hansman, R. J. (2002). Impact of air transportation on regional economic and social connectivity in the United States.
  • The economic & social benefits of air transport, Air Transportation Action Group, 2005 http://www.iata.org/NR/rdonlyres/5C57FE77­67FF­499C­A071­4E5E2216D728/0/ ­ ATAG_EconomicSocial_Benefits_Air_Transport.pdf
  • Topham, G. (2015). Malaysia Airlines ‘technically bankrupt’as New Chief Seeks to Shed 6,000 Jobs, Christoph Mueller Remains Optimistic Carrier Can Regain Leading Regional Role Despite Financial Troubles and Legacy of MH370 and MH17 Disasters’. The Guardian.
  • Tsai, C. L. (2015). How do US stock returns respond differently to oil price shocks pre-crisis, within the financial crisis, and post-crisis?. Energy Economics, 50, 47-62.
  • Turnbull, P., Blyton, P., & Harvey, G. (2004). Cleared for take-off? Management-labour partnership in the European civil aviation industry. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 10(3), 287-307.
  • Twu, S. J., Chen, T. J., Chen, C. J., Olsen, S. J., Lee, L. T., Fisk, T., ... & Wu, Y. C. (2003). Control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan. Emerging infectious diseases, 9(6), 718. UNDP, Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/newscentre/news/2020/COVID19_Crisis_in_developing_countries_threatens_devastate_economies.html
  • Walker, T. J., Walker, M. G., Thiengtham, D. N., & Pukthuanthong, K. (2014). The role of aviation laws and legal liability in aviation disasters: A financial market perspective. International Review of Law and Economics, 37, 51-65.
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 4(2), 53-60.
  • Wilder-Smith, A., Chiew, C. J., & Lee, V. J. (2020). Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?. The lancet infectious diseases, 20(5), e102-e107.
  • Zitzewitz, E. (2003). Who cares about shareholders? Arbitrage-proofing mutual funds. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 19(2), 245-280.
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 34 - 46, 23.12.2021

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abodunrin, O., Oloye, G., & Adesola, B. (2020). Coronavirus pandemic and its implication on global economy. International journal of arts, languages and business studies, 4.
  • Abubakar, A. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19): Effect and Survival Strategy for Businesses. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2).
  • ACI, C., & IATA, I. ICCAIA, Aviation Benefits Report, 19, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Documents/AVIATION-BENEFITS-2019-web.pdf
  • Akyildirim, E., Corbet, S., Efthymiou, M., Guiomard, C., O'Connell, J. F., & Sensoy, A. (2020). The financial market effects of international aviation disasters. International Review of Financial Analysis, 69, 101468.
  • Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Pierdzioch, C., & Wohar, M. E. (2018). Terror attacks and stock-market fluctuations: Evidence based on a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles test for the G7 countries. The European Journal of Finance, 24(4), 333-346.
  • Bastola, A., Sah, R., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., Lal, B. K., Jha, R., Ojha, H. C., ... & Pandey, B. D. (2020). The first 2019 novel coronavirus case in Nepal. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(3), 279-280.
  • Blalock, G., Kadiyali, V., & Simon, D. H. (2007). The impact of post-9/11 airport security measures on the demand for air travel. The Journal of Law and Economics, 50(4), 731-755.
  • Blunk, S. S., Clark, D. E., & McGibany, J. M. (2006). Evaluating the long-run impacts of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on US domestic airline travel. Applied economics, 38(4), 363-370.
  • Bogoch, I. I., Creatore, M. I., Cetron, M. S., Brownstein, J. S., Pesik, N., Miniota, J., ... & Yoon, J. W. (2015). Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 west African outbreak. The Lancet, 385(9962), 29-35.
  • Borenstein, S., & Zimmerman, M. B. (1988). Market incentives for safe commercial airline operation. The American Economic Review, 913-935.
  • Bosch, J. C., Eckard, E. W., & Singal, V. (1998). The competitive impact of air crashes: Stock market evidence. The Journal of Law and Economics, 41(2), 503-519.
  • Brounen, D., & Derwall, J. (2010). The impact of terrorist attacks on international stock markets. European Financial Management, 16(4), 585-598.
  • Brown, S. J., & Warner, J. B. (1985). Using daily stock returns: The case of event studies. Journal of financial economics, 14(1), 3-31.
  • Chance, D. M., & Ferris, S. P. (1987). The effect of aviation disasters on the air transport industry: a financial market perspective. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 151-165.
  • Chen, C. J., Chen, S., & Su, X. (2001). Is accounting information value-relevant in the emerging Chinese stock market?. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 10(1), 1-22.
  • Christidis, K., & Devetsikiotis, M. (2016). Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things. Ieee Access, 4, 2292-2303.
  • Economics, I. A. T. A. (2018). Economic Performance of the Airline Industry.
  • Elyasiani, E., Mansur, I., & Odusami, B. (2011). Oil price shocks and industry stock returns. Energy Economics, 33(5), 966-974.
  • FCE, J. K. K., & Welbeck, B. A. The Coronavirus Pandemic and Its Impact On Economies And Employment. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/42784671/THE_CORONAVIRUS_PANDEMIC_AND_ITS_IMPACT_ON_ECONOMIES_AND_EMPLOYMENT
  • Fernandes, N. (2020). Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) on the world economy. Available at SSRN 3557504.
  • Forecasting, O. E. (2005). The economic and social benefits of air transport. Geneva, switzerland, air transport action group.
  • Goh, C. F., & Rasli, A. (2014). Stock Investors’ Confidence on Low-cost and Traditional Airlines in Asia during Financial Crisis of 2007–2009. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 31-38. Hagedorn, M., & Mitman, K. (2020). Corona Policy According to HANK.
  • Hammersley, J. S., Myers, L. A., & Shakespeare, C. (2008). Market reactions to the disclosure of internal control weaknesses and to the characteristics of those weaknesses under Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. Review of Accounting Studies, 13(1), 141-165.
  • Henderson, V. (2003). The urbanization process and economic growth: The so-what question. Journal of Economic growth, 8(1), 47-71.
  • Ito, H., & Lee, D. (2005). Assessing the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on US airline demand. Journal of Economics and Business, 57(1), 75-95.
  • Kale, P., Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (2002). Alliance capability, stock market response, and long‐term alliance success: the role of the alliance function. Strategic management journal, 23(8), 747-767. Kaplanski, G., & Levy, H. (2010). Sentiment and stock prices: The case of aviation disasters. Journal of Financial Economics, 95(2), 174-201.
  • Kim, E., & Rhee, M. (2017). How airlines learn from airline accidents: An empirical study of how attributed errors and performance feedback affect learning from failure. Journal of Air Transport Management, 58, 135-143.
  • Kim, H., & Gu, Z. (2004). Impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the return and risk of airline stocks. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(2), 150-163.
  • Kolaric, S., & Schiereck, D. (2016). Are stock markets efficient in the face of fear? Evidence from the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. Finance Research Letters, 18, 306-310.
  • Lee, W. Y., Jiang, C. X., & Indro, D. C. (2002). Stock market volatility, excess returns, and the role of investor sentiment. Journal of banking & Finance, 26(12), 2277-2299.
  • Li, W. C., Harris, D., Hsu, Y. L., & Wang, T. (2011). Understanding pilots’ cognitive processes for making in-flight decisions under stress.
  • Liu, Y., Funk, S., & Flasche, S. (2020). The contribution of pre-symptomatic infection to the transmission dynamics of COVID-2019. Wellcome Open Research, 5(58), 58.
  • Loh, E. (2006). The Impact of SARS on the Performance and Risk Profile of Airline Stocks. The Impact of SARS on the Performance and Risk Profile of Airline Stocks., 1000-1022.
  • Lucchese, M., & Pianta, M. (2020). The Coming Coronavirus Crisis: What Can We Learn?. Intereconomics, 55, 98-104.
  • MacDonald, M. (2017, March). Annual Analyses of the EU Air Transport Market 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/2016_eu_air_transport_industry_analyses_report.pdfv
  • Mwangi, F. K. (2013). The effect of macroeconomic variables on financial performance of aviation industry in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation), University of Nairobi.
  • Nandha, M., & Faff, R. (2008). Does oil move equity prices? A global view. Energy economics, 30(3), 986-997.
  • Nseobot, I. R., Ahmed Soomro, M., Effiong, A. I., Muhiyuddin Solangi, G., Idongesit, M., & Ali Soomro, F. (2020). COVID-19: A Situation Analysis of Nigeria’s Economy. Abere, OJ, Survival Analysis of Novel Corona Virus (2019-Ncov) Using Nelson Aalen Survival Estimate. International Journal of Business Education and Management Studies, 3(1), P30-40.
  • O’Connell, J. F., & Bueno, O. E. (2018). A study into the hub performance Emirates, Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways and their competitive position against the major European hubbing airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 69, 257-268.
  • Pearson, J., O'Connell, J. F., Pitfield, D. E., & Ryley, T. (2015). Competition between Asian Network Airlines and Low-Cost Carriers: Strategic Analysis. Transportation Research Record, 2501(1), 56-65.
  • Peng, P. W., Ho, P. L., & Hota, S. S. (2020). Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know. British journal of anaesthesia, 124(5), 497-501.
  • Pham, K. H., & Luengo-Oroz, M. (2020). From plague to coronavirus: On the value of ship traffic data for epidemic modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.02253.
  • Rodrigue, J. P. (2016). The geography of transport systems. Taylor & Francis. [Pearce, B. (2020, March 5). IATA Economics. Retrieved March 19, 2020, from https://www.iata.org/en/publications/economics/
  • Song, W., & Ma, Y. (2006). Hub-and-spoke system in air transportation and its implications to regional economic development. Chinese Geographical Science, 16(3), 211-216.
  • Tam, R., & Hansman, R. J. (2002). Impact of air transportation on regional economic and social connectivity in the United States.
  • The economic & social benefits of air transport, Air Transportation Action Group, 2005 http://www.iata.org/NR/rdonlyres/5C57FE77­67FF­499C­A071­4E5E2216D728/0/ ­ ATAG_EconomicSocial_Benefits_Air_Transport.pdf
  • Topham, G. (2015). Malaysia Airlines ‘technically bankrupt’as New Chief Seeks to Shed 6,000 Jobs, Christoph Mueller Remains Optimistic Carrier Can Regain Leading Regional Role Despite Financial Troubles and Legacy of MH370 and MH17 Disasters’. The Guardian.
  • Tsai, C. L. (2015). How do US stock returns respond differently to oil price shocks pre-crisis, within the financial crisis, and post-crisis?. Energy Economics, 50, 47-62.
  • Turnbull, P., Blyton, P., & Harvey, G. (2004). Cleared for take-off? Management-labour partnership in the European civil aviation industry. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 10(3), 287-307.
  • Twu, S. J., Chen, T. J., Chen, C. J., Olsen, S. J., Lee, L. T., Fisk, T., ... & Wu, Y. C. (2003). Control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan. Emerging infectious diseases, 9(6), 718. UNDP, Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/newscentre/news/2020/COVID19_Crisis_in_developing_countries_threatens_devastate_economies.html
  • Walker, T. J., Walker, M. G., Thiengtham, D. N., & Pukthuanthong, K. (2014). The role of aviation laws and legal liability in aviation disasters: A financial market perspective. International Review of Law and Economics, 37, 51-65.
  • Wilder-Smith, A. (2006). The severe acute respiratory syndrome: impact on travel and tourism. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 4(2), 53-60.
  • Wilder-Smith, A., Chiew, C. J., & Lee, V. J. (2020). Can we contain the COVID-19 outbreak with the same measures as for SARS?. The lancet infectious diseases, 20(5), e102-e107.
  • Zitzewitz, E. (2003). Who cares about shareholders? Arbitrage-proofing mutual funds. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 19(2), 245-280.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Keziban Seçkin Codal Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1967-7751

Talha Musab Akpınar Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4651-7788

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Seçkin Codal, K., & Akpınar, T. M. (2021). Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines. AYBU Business Journal, 1(1), 34-46.
AMA Seçkin Codal K, Akpınar TM. Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines. AYBU Business Journal. Aralık 2021;1(1):34-46.
Chicago Seçkin Codal, Keziban, ve Talha Musab Akpınar. “Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines”. AYBU Business Journal 1, sy. 1 (Aralık 2021): 34-46.
EndNote Seçkin Codal K, Akpınar TM (01 Aralık 2021) Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines. AYBU Business Journal 1 1 34–46.
IEEE K. Seçkin Codal ve T. M. Akpınar, “Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines”, AYBU Business Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 34–46, 2021.
ISNAD Seçkin Codal, Keziban - Akpınar, Talha Musab. “Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines”. AYBU Business Journal 1/1 (Aralık 2021), 34-46.
JAMA Seçkin Codal K, Akpınar TM. Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines. AYBU Business Journal. 2021;1:34–46.
MLA Seçkin Codal, Keziban ve Talha Musab Akpınar. “Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines”. AYBU Business Journal, c. 1, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 34-46.
Vancouver Seçkin Codal K, Akpınar TM. Evaluation the Regional Effect of Covid-19 on the Stock Price of Airlines. AYBU Business Journal. 2021;1(1):34-46.