Feeding impact of Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) on photosynthetic efficiency and biochemical parameters of Mangifera indica L.

Year 2019, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 84 - 94, 31.07.2019

Ramani Neravathu

Abstract

Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer, the mango
leaf coating mite is a widely distributed eriophyid species in the tropics,
infesting all varieties of mango trees. The mite produces a white colored leaf
coating on the adaxial surface of mango leaves, which extends to the entire
leaf lamina in severely infested leaves. The present paper discusses the
feeding impact of the mite on the photosynthetic pigments, and other
biochemical parameters of mango leaves. Biochemical studies enabled to record a
significant decrease in the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in mite
infested mango leaves when compared to the uninfested leaves. The percentage
loss in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids was
observed to be 65.80-84.64, 76.57-95.29, 68.69-87.13 and 39.31-56.75 respectively.
Analysis of photosynthetic efficiency by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) using the Handy PEA Hansatech Instrument pt. Ltd, UK
revealed a decreased value, falling in the range of 25.15-28.43%. Mite
infestation induced a significant loss in total carbohydrate also
(57.86-80.58%) when estimated through Anthrone’s method. Contrary to the above,
a significant increase was observed in the proline and total phenol
concentrations in mite infested leaves. An increase from 2.9578±0.36 to 5.2611±
0.61 µg/g was observed in the concentration of proline in mite infested leaf
tissue. Total phenol content showed an increase from 55.14± 1.72 to 81.16± 0.85
mg/g in mite infested leaves. Results showed a statistical significance
(p<0.05), confirming that infestation by C.
kenyae induced severe stress, leading to enhanced production of defense
compounds like proline and total phenol, thereby adversely affecting the
photosynthetic efficiency and primary metabolite production of the host, M. indica.

Keywords

Carotenoids, chlorophyll, Cisaberoptus kenyae, Mangifera indica, proline

References

• Abou-Awad, B.A, Metwally, A.M. and Al-Azzazy, M.M.A. 2009. Ecological, biological and control studies on the leaf coating and webbing mite Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer (Eriophyoidea: Eriophyidae) in Egypt. Acarines, 3: 65-71. 10.21608/ajesa.2009.4968
• Abou-Awad, B.A., Al-Azzazy, M.M. and Afia, S.I. 2012. Effect of the leaf coating mite, Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) on the mineral content of the host mango plant, Mangifera indica (L.). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45 (1): 16-21. doi: 10.1080/03235400903309030
• Al-Azzazy, M.M. 2012. Mango rust mite Metaculus mangiferae (Attiah) (Acari: Eriophyidae) as main factor affecting the leaf mineral content of the mango trees Mangifera indica L. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, Mansoura University, 3 (10): 1099 1104.
• Ananthakrishnan, T.N., Gopichandran, R. and Gurusubramanian, G. 1992. Influence of chemical profiles of host plants on the infestation diversity of Retithrips syriacus. Journal of Biosciences, 17 (4): 483-489. doi: 10.1007/BF02720103
• Anitha, K. and Ramani, N. 2016. Studies on leaf damage induced by Oligonychus coffeae Nietner (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Malus sylvestris (L.) Miller. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 7 (4): 10125-10131.
• Arnon, D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplastspolyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24 (1): 1-15. doi: 10.1104/pp.24.1.1
• Bates, L.S., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39 (1): 205-207. doi: 10.1007/BF00018060
• Berova, M., Stoeva, N., Zlatev, Z., Stoilovam T. and Chavdarov, P. 2007. Physiological changes in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves, infected by the most important bean disease. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 8: 57-62.
• Bondada, B.R., Oosterhuis, D.M., Tugwell, N.P. and Kim, K.S. 1995. Physiologicaland cytological studies of two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae K., injury incotton. Southwestern Entomologist, 20: 171-180.
• Bounfour, M., Tanigoshi, L.K., Chen, C., Cameron, S.J. and Klauer, S. 2002. Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in red raspberry leaves infested with Tetranychus urticae and Eotetranychus carpini borealis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Environmental Entomology, 31: 215-220. doi: 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.215
• Chakrabarti, S., Chakrabarti, S. and Chakrabarti, S. 1999. Effect of Acalitus hibisci (Eriophyoidea) infestation on photosynthetic pigments of Hibiscus vitifolius. Journal of Acarology, 14: 49-51.
• Coombs, J., Hind, G., Leegood, R.C., Tieszen, L.L. and Von-shak, A. 1985. Chapter 17-Analytical Techniques. In: Techniques in bioproductivity and photosynthesis, 2nd edition. Coombs, J., Hall, D.O., Long, S.P. and Scurlock, J.M.O. (Eds). Pergamon Press, England, 219-228. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-031999-5.50027-3
• Craemer, C., Neser, S. and Smith Meyer, M.K.P. 1996. Eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) as control agents of weeds in South Africa. SA Tydskrif vir Naturwetenskap en Tehnologie, 15: 99-109. 10.4102/satnt.v15i3.641
• Cullen, J.M. and Briese, D.T. 2001. Host plant susceptibility to eriophyid mites used for weed biological control. In: Acarology: Proceedings of the 10th International Congress.
• Halliday, R.B., Walter, D.E., Proctor, H.C., Norton, R.A. and Colloff, M.J. (Eds). CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, 342-349.
• Gropper, S.S., Smith, J.L. and Groff, J.L. 2009. The fat soluble vitamins. In: Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, 5th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Canada, 373-416.
• Haile, F.J. and Higley, L.G. 2003. Changes in soybean gas-exchange after moisture stress and spider mite injury. Environmental Entomology, 32: 433-440. doi: 10.1603/0046-225X-32.3.433
• Harborne, J.B. 1980. Plant phenolics. In: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, vol. 8 - Secondary plant products. Bell, E.A. and Charlwood, B.V (Eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 329-395.
• Hassan, E.F.O. and Keifer, H.H. 1978. The mango leaf-coating mite Cisaberoptus kenyae K. (Eriophyidae, Aberoptinae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 54 (3): 185-193.
• Hedge, J.E. and Hofreiter, B.T. 1962. Determination of reduc-ing sugars and carbohydrates: anthrone colorimetric method. Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry, 1: 389-390.
• Iatrou, G., Cook, C.M., Stamou, G. and Lanaras, T. 1995. Chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf chlorophyll content of bean leaves injured by spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 19 (10): 581-591. doi: 10.1007/BF00048813
• Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H. and Baker, E.W. 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, US, 614 pp.
• Kavi Kishor, P.B, Hima Kumari, P., Sunita, M. S. and Sreeni-vasulu, N. 2005. Role of proline in cell wall synthesis and plant development and its implications in plant ontogeny. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6 (544): 1-17. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00544
• Kawashima, S. and Nakatani, M. 1998. An algorithm for estimating chlorophyll content in leaves using a video camera. Annals of Botany, 81: 49-54. doi: 10.1006/anbo.1997.0544
• Keifer, H.H. 1966. Eriophyid studies B-18. Bureau of Entomology, California Department of Agriculture, 20 pp.
• Kessler, A. and Baldwin, I.T. 2004. Herbivore-induced plant vaccination. Part I. The orchestration of plant defenses in nature and their fitness consequences in the wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata. The Plant Journal, 38: 639-649. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02076.x
• Kuznetsov, Vl.V. and Shevyakova, N.I. 1999. Proline under stress: Biological role, metabolism and regulation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 46: 274-289.
• Lahai, M.T., Ekanayake, I.J. and George, J.B. 2003. Leaf chlorophyll content and tuberous root yield of cassava in inland valley. African Crop Science Journal, 11 (2): 107-117. doi: 10.4314/acsj.v11i2.27523
• Lu, T. and Finkel, T. 2008. Free radicals and senescence. Experimental Cell Research, 314: 1918-1922. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.01.011
• Malick, C.P. and Singh, M.B. 1980. Plant enzymology and histo enzymology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India, 286 pp.
• Matern, U. and Kneusel, R.E. 1988. Phenolic compounds in plant disease resistance. Phytoparasitica, 16: 153-170. doi: 10.1007/BF02980469
• Maxwell, K. and Johnson, G.N. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-A practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany, 345: 659-668. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/51.345.659
• Morales, F., Abadia, A. and Abadia, J. 1991. Chlorophyll fluorescence and photon yield of oxygen evolution in iron deficient sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves. Plant physiology, 97: 886-893.
• Mothes, U. and Seitz, K.A. 1982. Fine structural alterations of bean plant leaves by feeding injury of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae). Acarologia, 23: 149-157.
• Nasareen, P.N.M., Shibu Vardhanan, Y. and Ramani, N. 2012. Damage assessment of the gall mite, Aceria pongamiae Keifer, 1966 (Acari: Eriophyidae) on Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. In: Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the issues - Chapter 38. Sabu, A. and Augustine, A. (Eds). Springer, India, 325-333. doi: 10.1007/978-81-322-0810-5_38
• Nabity, P.D., Zavala, J.A. and DeLucia, E.H. 2009. Indirect suppression of photosynthesis on individual leaves by arthropod herbivory. Annals of Botany, 103: 655-663. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcn127
• Netondo G.W., Onyango, J.C. and Beck, E. 2004. Sorghum and Salinity II: Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of sorghum under salt stress. Crop Science, 44: 806-811. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2004.8060
• Niyogi, K.K. 1999. Photoprotection revisited: Genetic and molecular approaches. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, 50: 333-359. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.333
• Oldfield, G.N. 1996. Toxemias and other non-distortive feeding effects. In: Eriophyoid mites-their biology, natural enemies and control. Lindquist, E.E., Sabelis, M.W. and Bruin, J. (Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 243-250.
• Park, Y.-L. and Lee, J.-H. 2002. Leaf cell and tissue damage of cucumber caused by two-spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 95 (5): 952-957. doi: 10.1093/jee/95.5.952
• Pereira, E.W., Siquera, L.D., Martinez, C.A. and Puiatti, M. 2000. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in four citrus root stocks under aluminium stress. Journal of Plant Physiology, 157: 513-520. doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(00)80106-6
• Petanovic, R. and Kielkiewicz, M. 2010a. Plant-eriophyoid mite interactions: cellular biochemistry and metabolic responses induced in mite-injured plant. Part I. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 (1-3): 61-80. doi: 10.1007/s10493-010-9351-2
• Petanovic, R. and Kielkiewicz, M. 2010b. Plant-eriophyoid mite interactions: specific and unspecific morphological alterations. Part II. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 51 (1-3): 81-91. doi: 10.1007/s10493-009-9328-1
• Pospı́šil, P., Skotnica, J. and Nauš, J. 1998. Low and high temperature dependence of minimum F0 and maximum Fm chlorophyll fluorescence in vivo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 1363: 95-99. doi: 10.1016/S0005-2728(97)00095-9
• Prabheena, P. and N. Ramani, 2013. Assessment of chloro-phyll loss induced by Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) infesting the medicinal shrub, Ocimum gratissimum Linn. International Journal of Acarology, 39 (1): 67-71. doi: 10.1080/01647954.2012.744350
• Prabheena, P. and Ramani, N. (2014). Distribution pattern and injurious status of Raoiella indica (Hirst) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on arecanut palms of Kozhikode district of Kerala. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Sciences, 4 (3): 227-230.
• Puchalska, E. 2006. The influence of Oligonychus ununguis Jacobi (Acari: Tetranychidae) on photosynthetic activity and needle damage of Picea glauca ‘Conica’. Biological Letter, 43 (2): 353-360.
• Rai, R., Mukherjee, I.N. and Singh, J. 1993. Preliminary studies on mango leaf coating mite, Cisaberoptus kenyae Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae). Entomon, 18 (3-4): 193-197.
• Ramani, N. 1991. Studies on the mango mite, Cisaberoptes kenyae (Acari: Eriophyidae) and its biological control. In: Proceedings of Third Kerala Science Congress. Bala-krishnan Nair, N. (Ed.). SB Press, Thiruvananthapuram, India, 121 pp.
• Ramani, N. and Haq, M.A. 1989. Incidence and relative abundance of the mango mite, Cisaberoptes kenyae (Acari: Eriophyidae). In: Progress in Acarology, Vol. 2. Channa Basavanna, G.P. and Viraktamath, C.A. (Eds). Ox-ford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, 115-119.
• Ramani, N. and Haq, M.A. 1991. Some aspects on the devel-opment of the mango mite, Cisaberoptes kenyae (Acari: Eriophyidae). In: Contributions to Acarological Research in India, Mukherjee, A.B., Somchoudhury, A.K. and Sarkar, P.K. (Eds). West Bengal, India, 107-118.
• Rancic, D., Stevanovic, B., Petanović, R., Magud, B., To-sevski, I. and Gassmann, A. 2006. Anatomical injury induced by the eriophyid mite Aceria anthocoptes on the leaves of Cirsium arvense. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 38: 243-253. doi: 10.1007/s10493-006-0013-3
• Sangeetha, G.K. and Ramani, N. 2011a. Feeding strategies of Eutetranychus orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Moringa oleifera Lam. Hexapoda, 18 (1): 76-79.
• Sangeetha G.K. and Ramani, N. 2011b. Feeding biology of Tetranychus ludeni Zacher (Acari: Tetranychidae) on velvet bean. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 16 (3): 228-234. doi: 10.11158/saa.16.3.7
• Sangeetha G.K. and Ramani, N. 2011c. Studies on feeding characteristics of Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting cassava. Biological Forum, 3 (2): 9-13.
• Sangeetha G.K., Sheeja, U.M. and Ramani, N. 2011. Ultrastructural elucidation of leaf damage on cassava induced by Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) (Acari: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology, 37 (Supplement 1): 108-113. doi: 10.1080/01647954.2010.542178
• Serrano, R. and Gaxiola, R. 1994. Microbial models and salt stress tolerance in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 13 (2): 121-138. doi: 10.1080/07352689409701911
• Schansker, G., Tóth, S.Z. and Strasser, RJ. 2005. Methylviologen and dibromothymoquinone treatments of pea leaves reveal the role of photosystem I in the Chl a fluorescence rise OJIP. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics, 1706 (3): 250-261. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.11.006
• Sternlicht, M. and Golderberg, S. 1976. Mango eriophyid mites in relation to inflorescence. Phytoparasitica, 4 (1): 45-50. doi: 10.1007/BF02981079
• Umapathy, G. and Rajendran, B. 1999. Seasonal incidence and management of the mango leaf mite, Cisaberoptes kenyae Keifer (Aberoptinae: Eriophyidae: Acari). Madras Agricultural Journal, 86: 586-589.
• Welter, S.C. 1989. Arthropod impact on plant gas exchange. In: Insect-plant interactions. Bernays, E.A. (Ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Florida, US, 135-151.
• Westphal, E. 1992. Ceccidogenesis and resistance phenomena in miteinduced galls. In: Biology of insect-induced galls. Shorthouse, J.D. and. Rohfritsch, O. (Eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 141-156.
• Zangerl, A.R., Hamilton, J.G., Miller, T.J., Crofts, A.R., Ox-borough, K., Berenbaum, M.R. and de Lucia, E.H. 2002. Impact of folivory on photosynthesis is greater than the sum of its holes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 99: 1088-1091. doi: 10.1073/pnas.022647099