Application of Electromagnetic Charge Effect for Development of Optical Sensors

Abstract

During our studies it was found that during interaction of electromagnetic field with matter, the irradiated body begins to generate an alternating electrical signal. These results are grouped under the name Electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE). The measured signal is a function of the state of the body. In the present work, some of the new types of optical sensors created on that basis are discussed. Such sensors are for control of: fog parameters, fog emergence, impurity emergence in fog, processes at the threshold of laser ablation and phase transitions in liquid crystals. Also, a scanning system has been developed for visualization of irregularities on surfaces.

Keywords

• Optical sensors,Fog,Scanning system,Laser ablation,Field-matter interaction

References

1. Pavlov R., Mihailov L., Maruani J., Perez Diaz J. L., Ivanov O., Ideas for Explanation of an Electric Signal Generation at Interaction between Electromagnetic Field and Matter, Nuclear Theory, Gaidarov M., Minkov N. (editors), Vol. 36, pp. 39 – 44, Heron Press, Sofa (2017) ISSN 1313-2822
2. Ivanov O., Sensor applications of field-matter interactions. In Encyclopedia of Sensors 9; Grimes, C.A.; Dickey E. I., Pishko M. V. (Eds.), American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, California, USA, 2006; pp. 165-197, ISBN: 9781588830562
3. Ivanov O., Kuneva M., Quality Control Methods Based on Electromagnetic Field-Matter Interactions, InTech, pp. 510-536, April 2011
4. Park N. C., Abbate A., Das P., Characterization of Semiconductors by Laser-Generated Photocharge Voltage Spectroscopy, in 22nd Int. Symp. Compound Semiconductors, Cheju Island, Korea, 1995, pp. 593-598
5. (2017, April) Surface photovoltage, Wikipedia. [Online].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_photovoltage
6. Ivanov O., Radanski S., Application of surface photo charge effect for milk quality control, Journal of Food Science, vol. 74, no. 7, pp. 79-83, August 2009
7. Ivanov O., Stoyanov Zh., Stoyanov B., Nadoliisky M., Vaseashta A., Fast, Contactless Monitoring of the Chemical Composition of Raw Materials, in Technological Innovations in Sensing and Detection of Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Threats and Ecological Terrorism, Ashok Vaseashta, Eric Braman, and Philip Susmann, Eds.: Springer, 2012, ch. 18
8. Abbate A., Rencibia P., Ivanov, O., Masini G., Palma E., Das P., Contactless characterization of semiconductors using laser-induced surface photo-charge voltage measurements, In Materials Science Forum, 1995, 173-174; Briege M., Dittrich H., Kiose M., Schock H. W., Werner J., Eds., pp. 221-226, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.173-174.221

9. Ivanov, O., Konstantinov L., Temperature dependence of the surface photo-charge effect in CdS, Appl. Surf. Sci., 1999, 143, 101-103, doi: 10.1016/S0169-4332(98)00888-5
10. Ivanov O., Mihailov V., Pustovoit V., Abbate A., Das P., Surface photo-charge effect in solids, Opt. Commun., 1995, 113, 509-512, doi: 10.1016/0030-4018(94)00503-M
11. Pustovoit V., Ivanov O., Surface charge redistribution effect in a conductor subjected to electromagnetic radiation, C. R. Acad. Bulg. Sci., 1989, 42, 39-421
12. Ivanov O., Konstantinov L., Investigations of liquids by photo-induced charge effect at solid-liquid interfaces, Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 2002, 86, 287-289.
13. Das P., Mihailov V., Ivanov O., Georgiev V., Andreev S., Pustovoit V., Contactless characterization of semiconductor devices using surface photocharge effect, IEEE Electron Device Lett., 1992, 13, 291-293, doi:10.1109/55.1450571
14. Ivanov O., Konstantinov L., Application of the photo - induced charge effect to study liquids and gases. Surf. Rev. Lett., 2000, 7, 211-212. doi:10.1142/S0218625X00000300
15. Ivanov O., Mutafchieva Y., Vaseashta A., Applications of an effect based on electromagnetic field-matter interactions for investigations of water, In Advanced Sensors for Safety and Security, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics. Springer, Dordrecht; Vaseashta A., Khudaverdyan S., Eds., 2013, pp. 225-230.
16. Ivanov O., Radanski S., Application of surface photo charge effect for milk quality control, J. Food Sci., 2009, 74(7): R79-83, doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01286.x
17. Ivanov O., Vaseashta A., A method for fast and contactless control of raw materials, Ceramics International 39(39):2903, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.09.064
18. Mihailov V., Karatodorov S., Ivanov O., Laser ablation threshold determination by surface photo-charge effect, Nineteenth International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and Ion Technologies (VEIT-2015), 21 - 25 September, Sozopol, Bulgaria, 2015
19. Ivanov O., Petrov M., Naradikian H., Perez-Diaz J. L., Phase transition detection by surface photo charge effect in liquid crystals, Phase Transitions, 91, 5, 2018, ISSN:0141-1594 (Print) 1029-0338 (Online), doi:10.1080/01411594.2018.1431644
20. Al-Ghamdi A., Experimental evaluation of fog warning system, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2007, Volume 39, Issue 6, pp. 1065-1072
21. Sallis P., Dannheim C., Icking C., Maeder M., Air Pollution and Fog Detection through Vehicular Sensors, 8th Asia Modelling Symposium, Taipei, 2014, pp. 181-186, doi: 10.1109/AMS.2014.43
22. Ivanov O., Karatodorov S., Pérez-Díaz J. L., Novel Electromagnetic Sensor for Contaminations in Fog Based on the Laser-induced Charge Effect, Proceedings of IEEE SENSORS 2017, 2017, CFP17SE, IEEE, ISBN: 978-1-5386-4056-2, 1509-1511
23. Ivanov O., Mitova I., Pérez-Díaz J. L., Yordanova A., Measurements of speed and diameters of droplets of fogs with devices, operating on the basis of the Surface photo-charge effect, Security & Future, 4, 2017, ISSN: 2535-0668, 154-156
24. Todorov P., Ivanov O., Pashev K., Ralev Y., Pérez-Díaz J. L., Automated 2D Laser Scanning Systems for Investigation of Solid Surfaces, Machines. Technologies. Materials, 7, 2019, ISSN PRINT 1313-0226, ISSN WEB 1314-507X, 306-309