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Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 63 - 72, 03.05.2018

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2018.011


The fruits and leaves of Tamarindus indica
have been widely used in traditional medicine for treating wounds and other
diseases in Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing
property of T. indica pulp (TP) and leaf (TL) meal and the importance of
antioxidant enzymes in the wound-healing process in the African catfish,
Clarias gariepinus. Surgical incisions of 10 mm2 were made aseptically on the
lateral part of the catfish, above the pelvic fin and toward the caudal region.
The fish were fed experimental diets composed of basal diet fortified with each
of TP or TL at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, and 0.0% (untreated)
and 0.2% oxytetracycline (treated) as controls in triplicate groups. Changes
occurring in the wound area (mm2) were measured at 3-day-intervals for 15 days.
The healing rates and the relative percentage of healing were calculated. Sera
collected from the experimental fish were analyzed for oxidative stress
biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that fish fed diets
treated with TP or TL had significantly faster (p<0.05) daily healing rates
at the lateral and caudal regions from the 6th to the 12th day compared with
those in the control groups. Percentage wound-healing (PWH) at the lateral and
caudal regions was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) from the 6th day in the
tamarind-treated groups. The PWH reached the peak (100%) at the lateral region
on the 12th day in fish fed 0.5–2.0% of TL and 1.5%–2.0% of TP diets. Dietary
treatment with TP and TL resulted in a lower production of serum
malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels, whereas the reduced glutathione,
superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase levels increased. Fortifying
diets of C. gariepinus with 1.0%–2.0% of TP and TL meal enhanced wound-healing
significantly compared to that of natural healing and with
oxytetracycline-fortified diet. The faster wound-healing rate might be a
consequence of elevated levels of serum antioxidants in the fish fed
tamarind-fortified diets.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulla, M.A., Ahmed, K.A., Ali, H.M, Noor, S.M., Ismail S., 2009. Wound healing activities of Rafflessia hassettii extracts in rat. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 45(3), 304-308.
  • Adeniyi, O.V., Olaifa, F.E., Emikpe, B.O., Ogunbanwo, S.T., 2017. Phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of Tamarindus indica Linn extracts against some pathogens. Biotechnology Journal International 17(2), 1-9.
  • Ajith, J.G., Aditya,, B.T., Vimalin S., Suchita, C., Sukria, N., 2016. Oxytetracycline as a sclerosant in the management of Morel-Lavallee lesions. Trauma 18(2), 146-149.
  • Akinrinde, A.S., Olowu, E., Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, O.T., 2015. Gastrointestinal protective efficacy of Kolaviron (a bi-flavonoid from Garcinia kola) following a single administration of sodium arsenite in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies. Pharmacognosy Research 7(3), 268-276.
  • Alam, M.N., Ahmed, G.U., Chowdhury, M.B.R., 2014. Performance of herbal extracts on diseased fish. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 12(2), 225-230. Ammar, I., Bardaa, S., Mzid, M., Sanoun, Z., Rebaii, T., Attia, H., Ennouri, M., 2015. Antioxidants, antibacterial and in vivo dermal wound healing effects of Opuntia flower extracts. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 81, 483-490.
  • Bhadoriya, S.S., Ganeshpurkar, A., Narwaria, J., Rai, G., Jain, A.P. 2011. Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential. Phamacognosy Review 5(9), 73-81.
  • Dhamija, I., Parle, M., 2012. Imlii crazy: A crazy lovely. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 3(8), 110-115.
  • Amend, D.F., 1981. Potency testing of fish vaccines. Developments in Biological Standardization 49, 447-454.
  • Ayello, E.A., 2005. What does the wound say? Why determining etiology is essential for appropriate wound care. Advances in Skin Wound Care 18, 98-109.
  • Bell, J.J., 2002. Regeneration rates of sub-littoral demosponge. Journal of Marine Biology Association UK 82, 169-170.
  • Bello, O.S., Emikpe, B.O., Olaifa, A.K., Olaifa, F.E., 2013. Investigation into the healing properties of walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (Allium cepa) bulb residues in Clarias gariepinus. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria 45, 291-297.
  • Bryan, N., Ahswin, H., Smart, N., Bayon, Y., Wohlert, S., Hunt, J.A., 2012. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) – A family of fate deciding molecules pivotal in constructive inflammation and wound healing. European Cells and Materials 24, 249-265.
  • Chandler, H.L., Germen, S.A.J., Bras, I.D., Robbin-Webs, T.E., Saville, W.J., Colitz, C.M., 2010. In vivo effects of adjunctive tetracycline treatment on refactory corneal ulcers in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 237(4), 378-386.
  • Cohen, I.K., Diegelmann, R.F., Lindblad, W.J., 1992. Wound healing: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
  • Diallo D., Sogn, C., Samake, F.B., Paulsen, B.S., Michaelsen, T.E., Keita A., 2002.Wound healing plants in Mali, the Bamako region. An ethnobotanical survey and complement fixation of water extracts from selected plants. Pharmaceutical Biology 40, 117-128.
  • Dunnill, C., Patton, T., Brennan, J., Barret, J., Dryden, M., Cooke, J, Leaper, D., Georgopoulos, N.T., 2017. Reactive oxygen species and wound healing: the functional role of ROS and emerging ROS-modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process. International Wound Journal 14(1), 89-96.
  • Ejraei F., Ghiasi M., Khara H. 2015. Evaluation of hematological and plasma indices in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, with reference to age, sex, and hormonal treatment. Archives of Polish Fisheries 23, 163-170.
  • Fabiyi, J.P., Keia,, S.T., Tal, K.M., Istifanus, W.A., 1993. Traditional therapy of dracunculiasis in the State of Bauchi, Nigeria. Dakar Medicine 38, 193-195.
  • Fitzmaurice, S.D., Sivamani, R.K., Isseroff, R.R., 2011. Antioxidant therapies for wound healing: a clinical guide to commercially available products. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 24(3), 113-126.
  • Genten, F., Terwinghe, T., Danguy, A., 2009. Atlas of fish histology. Science Publishers, Enfield NH, USA, 215p.
  • Giannenas, I., Triantafillou, E.I., Stavrakakiss, S., Margaroni, M.M., Mavridis, S., Steiner, T., Karagaini E., 2012. Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 350-353, 26-32.
  • Gornal, A.G., Bardawill, C.J., David, M.M., 1949. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry 177, 751‑766.
  • Gumgumjee, N.M., Alaa, k., Hajar, A.S., 2012. Antimicrobial activities and chemical properties of Tamarindus indica L. leaves extract. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, 6171-6181.
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J., Jacoby, W.B., 1974. Glutathione-S-transferase activity: The enzymic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249, 130–139.
  • Havinga, R.M., Hartl, A., Putsder, J., Prehsher, S., Buchmann, C., Vogl, C.R., 2010. Tamarindus indica L (Fabaceae): Patterns of use in traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 127, 573-588.
  • Inngjerdingen, K., Nergard, C.S., Diallo, D., Mounkoro, P.P., Paulsen, B.S., 2004. An ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for wound healing in Dogonland, Mali, West Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92, 233-244.
  • Jollow, D.J., Mitchell, J.R., Zampaglione, N., Gillette, J.R., 1974. Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis: Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4 bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology 11, 151–169.
  • Kanta, J., 2011. The role of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species in wound healing. Acta Medicina 54(3), 97-101.
  • Keller, U.A., Kumin, A., Braun, S., Werner, S., 2006. Reactive oxygen species and their detoxification in healing skin wounds. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 11(1), 106-111.
  • Khairunnuur, F.A., Zulkhairi, A., Azrina, A., Moklas, M.A.M., Khairullizam, S., Zamree, M.S., Shahidan, M.A., 2009. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 15(1), 65-75.
  • Kim, Y.S., Cho, I., Jeong, M.J., Jeong3, S., Nah, S.Y., Cho, Y., Kim, S.H., Go, A., Kim, S.E., Kang, S.S., Moon, C.J., Kim, J.C., Kim, S.H., Bae, C.S., 2011. Therapeutic effect of total ginseng saponin on skin wound healing. Journal of Ginseng Research 35, 360-367.
  • Kohen, R., Nyska, A., 2002. Oxidation of biological systems: Oxidation stress phenomena, antioxidant, redox reactions and methods for their quantification. Toxicology Pathology 30(6), 620-650.
  • Kurahashi, T., Fujii, J., 2015. Roles of antioxidative enzymes in wound healing. Journal of Developmental Biology 3, 57-70. Li, K., Diao, Y., Zhang, H., 2011. Tannin extracts from fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. Promote cutaneous wound healing in rats. BMC Complementary Alternate Medicine 11, 86.
  • Lim, C.Y., Mat, J. S., Abdulla, M.A., Abdul, A. A., 2013. In vivo biochemical and gene expression analyses of the antioxidant activities and polycholesterolaemic properties of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Plos one 8(7), e70058.
  • Liu, B., Xie, J., Ge, X., Xu, P., Wang, A., He, Y., Zhou, Q., Pan, L., Chen, R., 2010. Effect of anthraquinone extract of Rheum officinale Bail, on the growth performance and physiological responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high temperature stress. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 29(1), 49-57.
  • Lockett, C.T., Calvert, C.C., Grivetti, L.E., 2000. Energy and micronutrient composition of dietary and medicinal wild plants consumed during drought: Study of rural Fulani, Northeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 51, 195-208.
  • Mohammad, M.Y., Akram, H.B., Bero, D.N., Rahman, M.T., 2012. Tamarind seed extract enhances epidermal wound healing. International Journal of Biology 4(1), 81-88.
  • Omobowale, T.O., Oyagbemi, A.A., Oyewunmi, O.A., Adejumobi, O.A., 2015. Chemopreventive effect of methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica on experimental Trypanosoma brucei induced oxidative stress in dogs. Pharmacognosy Research 7(3), 249-258.
  • Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, T.O., Akinrinde, A.S., Saba, A.B., Ogunpolu, B.S., Daramola, O., 2015. Lack of reversal of oxidative damage in renal tissues of lead acetate-treated rats. Environmental Toxicology 30(11), 1235-1243.
  • Pawar, R. S., Toppo, F.A., 2012. Plants that heal wounds. A review. Kerha Polonia 58 (1), 47-65.
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Afrikalı Yayın Balığı (Clarias gariepinus) içinde Demirhindi (Tamarindus indica) Selüloz ve Yaprak Öğünlerinin Yara İyileşmesi ve Antioksidan Aktivitelerinin Deneysel Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2, 63 - 72, 03.05.2018

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/actavet.2018.011


Tamarindus indica’nın meyveleri ve
yaprakları, Afrika’daki yaraların ve diğer hastalıkların tedavisi için
geleneksel tıpta yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, T. indica posası
(TP) ve yaprak (TL) öğünün yara iyileşme özelliği ve Clarias gariepinus’ta yara
iyileşme sürecindeki antioksidan enzimlerin önemi araştırılmıştır. Lateral kısımda,
pelvik yüzgecin üzerinde ve kaudal bölgeye doğru aseptik olarak 10 mm2’lik
cerrahi insizyonlar yapılmıştır. Balıklar, her biri TP veya TL ile takviye
edilmiş bazal diyetle %0,5, %1,0, %1,5, %2,0 ve %0,0 (müdahale edilmeyen) ve
%0,2 oksitetrasiklin (müdahale edilen) kontrol grubu olarak üç grup halinde
beslenmiştir. Yara bölgesindeki değişiklikler (mm2) on beş gün boyunca üç gün
aralıklarla ölçülmüştür. İyileşme oranları ve nispi yüzde iyileşmeleri
hesaplanmıştır. Deneysel balıklardan alınan serumlar oksidatif stres
biyobelirteçleri ve antioksidan enzimler için analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, TP
ve TL ile beslenen balıkların, kontrol gruplarına kıyasla, 6. ve 12. günlerde,
lateral ve kaudal bölgelerdeki günlük iyileşme oranını anlamlı derecede daha hızlı
(p=0,05) olduğunu göstermiştir. Lateral ve kaudal bölgelerdeki Yara-İyileşme
Yüzdesi (PWH), demirhindi ile tedavi edilen gruplarda 6. günden itibaren önemli
ölçüde artmıştır (p=0,05). Tüm TL ve %1,5-2,0 TP diyetleri için PWH 12. günde
lateral bölgede doruğa (%100) ulaşmıştır. TP ve TL ile yapılan diyet tedavisi,
düşük serum glutatyon, süperoksit dismutaz ve glutatyon peroksidazını arttırırken,
serum malondialdehit ve hidrojen peroksidin daha az üretilmesine neden olmuştur.
%1,0-2,0 oranında demirhindi küspesi ve yaprak unu ile C. gariepinus takviye
edici diyetler, doğal iyileşme ve oksietrasiklin takviyeli diyete nispeten
önemli ölçüde yara iyileşmesini arttırmıştır. Daha hızlı yara iyileşmesi, balıklarda
demirhindi ile takviye edilmiş diyetlerle beslenen serum antioksidanlarının
yüksek olmasının bir sonucu olabilir.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulla, M.A., Ahmed, K.A., Ali, H.M, Noor, S.M., Ismail S., 2009. Wound healing activities of Rafflessia hassettii extracts in rat. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 45(3), 304-308.
  • Adeniyi, O.V., Olaifa, F.E., Emikpe, B.O., Ogunbanwo, S.T., 2017. Phytochemical components and antibacterial activity of Tamarindus indica Linn extracts against some pathogens. Biotechnology Journal International 17(2), 1-9.
  • Ajith, J.G., Aditya,, B.T., Vimalin S., Suchita, C., Sukria, N., 2016. Oxytetracycline as a sclerosant in the management of Morel-Lavallee lesions. Trauma 18(2), 146-149.
  • Akinrinde, A.S., Olowu, E., Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, O.T., 2015. Gastrointestinal protective efficacy of Kolaviron (a bi-flavonoid from Garcinia kola) following a single administration of sodium arsenite in rats: Biochemical and histopathological studies. Pharmacognosy Research 7(3), 268-276.
  • Alam, M.N., Ahmed, G.U., Chowdhury, M.B.R., 2014. Performance of herbal extracts on diseased fish. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 12(2), 225-230. Ammar, I., Bardaa, S., Mzid, M., Sanoun, Z., Rebaii, T., Attia, H., Ennouri, M., 2015. Antioxidants, antibacterial and in vivo dermal wound healing effects of Opuntia flower extracts. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 81, 483-490.
  • Bhadoriya, S.S., Ganeshpurkar, A., Narwaria, J., Rai, G., Jain, A.P. 2011. Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential. Phamacognosy Review 5(9), 73-81.
  • Dhamija, I., Parle, M., 2012. Imlii crazy: A crazy lovely. International Research Journal of Pharmacy 3(8), 110-115.
  • Amend, D.F., 1981. Potency testing of fish vaccines. Developments in Biological Standardization 49, 447-454.
  • Ayello, E.A., 2005. What does the wound say? Why determining etiology is essential for appropriate wound care. Advances in Skin Wound Care 18, 98-109.
  • Bell, J.J., 2002. Regeneration rates of sub-littoral demosponge. Journal of Marine Biology Association UK 82, 169-170.
  • Bello, O.S., Emikpe, B.O., Olaifa, A.K., Olaifa, F.E., 2013. Investigation into the healing properties of walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) leaf and onion (Allium cepa) bulb residues in Clarias gariepinus. Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria 45, 291-297.
  • Bryan, N., Ahswin, H., Smart, N., Bayon, Y., Wohlert, S., Hunt, J.A., 2012. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) – A family of fate deciding molecules pivotal in constructive inflammation and wound healing. European Cells and Materials 24, 249-265.
  • Chandler, H.L., Germen, S.A.J., Bras, I.D., Robbin-Webs, T.E., Saville, W.J., Colitz, C.M., 2010. In vivo effects of adjunctive tetracycline treatment on refactory corneal ulcers in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 237(4), 378-386.
  • Cohen, I.K., Diegelmann, R.F., Lindblad, W.J., 1992. Wound healing: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
  • Diallo D., Sogn, C., Samake, F.B., Paulsen, B.S., Michaelsen, T.E., Keita A., 2002.Wound healing plants in Mali, the Bamako region. An ethnobotanical survey and complement fixation of water extracts from selected plants. Pharmaceutical Biology 40, 117-128.
  • Dunnill, C., Patton, T., Brennan, J., Barret, J., Dryden, M., Cooke, J, Leaper, D., Georgopoulos, N.T., 2017. Reactive oxygen species and wound healing: the functional role of ROS and emerging ROS-modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process. International Wound Journal 14(1), 89-96.
  • Ejraei F., Ghiasi M., Khara H. 2015. Evaluation of hematological and plasma indices in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, with reference to age, sex, and hormonal treatment. Archives of Polish Fisheries 23, 163-170.
  • Fabiyi, J.P., Keia,, S.T., Tal, K.M., Istifanus, W.A., 1993. Traditional therapy of dracunculiasis in the State of Bauchi, Nigeria. Dakar Medicine 38, 193-195.
  • Fitzmaurice, S.D., Sivamani, R.K., Isseroff, R.R., 2011. Antioxidant therapies for wound healing: a clinical guide to commercially available products. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 24(3), 113-126.
  • Genten, F., Terwinghe, T., Danguy, A., 2009. Atlas of fish histology. Science Publishers, Enfield NH, USA, 215p.
  • Giannenas, I., Triantafillou, E.I., Stavrakakiss, S., Margaroni, M.M., Mavridis, S., Steiner, T., Karagaini E., 2012. Assessment of dietary supplementation with carvacrol or thymol containing feed additives on performance, intestinal microbiota and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 350-353, 26-32.
  • Gornal, A.G., Bardawill, C.J., David, M.M., 1949. Determination of serum proteins by means of the biuret reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry 177, 751‑766.
  • Gumgumjee, N.M., Alaa, k., Hajar, A.S., 2012. Antimicrobial activities and chemical properties of Tamarindus indica L. leaves extract. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, 6171-6181.
  • Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J., Jacoby, W.B., 1974. Glutathione-S-transferase activity: The enzymic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 249, 130–139.
  • Havinga, R.M., Hartl, A., Putsder, J., Prehsher, S., Buchmann, C., Vogl, C.R., 2010. Tamarindus indica L (Fabaceae): Patterns of use in traditional medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 127, 573-588.
  • Inngjerdingen, K., Nergard, C.S., Diallo, D., Mounkoro, P.P., Paulsen, B.S., 2004. An ethnopharmacological survey of plants used for wound healing in Dogonland, Mali, West Africa. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92, 233-244.
  • Jollow, D.J., Mitchell, J.R., Zampaglione, N., Gillette, J.R., 1974. Bromobenzene-induced liver necrosis: Protective role of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4 bromobenzene oxide as the hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology 11, 151–169.
  • Kanta, J., 2011. The role of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species in wound healing. Acta Medicina 54(3), 97-101.
  • Keller, U.A., Kumin, A., Braun, S., Werner, S., 2006. Reactive oxygen species and their detoxification in healing skin wounds. Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings 11(1), 106-111.
  • Khairunnuur, F.A., Zulkhairi, A., Azrina, A., Moklas, M.A.M., Khairullizam, S., Zamree, M.S., Shahidan, M.A., 2009. Nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity and Artemia salina L. lethality of pulp and seed of Tamarindus indica L. extracts. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 15(1), 65-75.
  • Kim, Y.S., Cho, I., Jeong, M.J., Jeong3, S., Nah, S.Y., Cho, Y., Kim, S.H., Go, A., Kim, S.E., Kang, S.S., Moon, C.J., Kim, J.C., Kim, S.H., Bae, C.S., 2011. Therapeutic effect of total ginseng saponin on skin wound healing. Journal of Ginseng Research 35, 360-367.
  • Kohen, R., Nyska, A., 2002. Oxidation of biological systems: Oxidation stress phenomena, antioxidant, redox reactions and methods for their quantification. Toxicology Pathology 30(6), 620-650.
  • Kurahashi, T., Fujii, J., 2015. Roles of antioxidative enzymes in wound healing. Journal of Developmental Biology 3, 57-70. Li, K., Diao, Y., Zhang, H., 2011. Tannin extracts from fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. Promote cutaneous wound healing in rats. BMC Complementary Alternate Medicine 11, 86.
  • Lim, C.Y., Mat, J. S., Abdulla, M.A., Abdul, A. A., 2013. In vivo biochemical and gene expression analyses of the antioxidant activities and polycholesterolaemic properties of Tamarindus indica fruit pulp extract. Plos one 8(7), e70058.
  • Liu, B., Xie, J., Ge, X., Xu, P., Wang, A., He, Y., Zhou, Q., Pan, L., Chen, R., 2010. Effect of anthraquinone extract of Rheum officinale Bail, on the growth performance and physiological responses of Macrobrachium rosenbergii under high temperature stress. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 29(1), 49-57.
  • Lockett, C.T., Calvert, C.C., Grivetti, L.E., 2000. Energy and micronutrient composition of dietary and medicinal wild plants consumed during drought: Study of rural Fulani, Northeastern Nigeria. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 51, 195-208.
  • Mohammad, M.Y., Akram, H.B., Bero, D.N., Rahman, M.T., 2012. Tamarind seed extract enhances epidermal wound healing. International Journal of Biology 4(1), 81-88.
  • Omobowale, T.O., Oyagbemi, A.A., Oyewunmi, O.A., Adejumobi, O.A., 2015. Chemopreventive effect of methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica on experimental Trypanosoma brucei induced oxidative stress in dogs. Pharmacognosy Research 7(3), 249-258.
  • Oyagbemi, A.A., Omobowale, T.O., Akinrinde, A.S., Saba, A.B., Ogunpolu, B.S., Daramola, O., 2015. Lack of reversal of oxidative damage in renal tissues of lead acetate-treated rats. Environmental Toxicology 30(11), 1235-1243.
  • Pawar, R. S., Toppo, F.A., 2012. Plants that heal wounds. A review. Kerha Polonia 58 (1), 47-65.
  • Rasik, A.M., Shukla, A., 2000. Antioxidant status in delayed healing type of wounds. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 81, 257-63.
  • Reyes-Becerril, M., Angulo, C., Estrada, N., Murillo, Y., Ascencio, V., 2014. Dietary administration of microalgae alone or supplemented with Lactobacillus sakei affects immune response and intestinal morphology of pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru). Fish and Shellfish Immunology 40(1), 208-216.
  • Rotruck, J.T., Pope, A.L., Ganther, H.E., Swanson, A.B., Hafeman, D.G., Hoekstra, W.G., 1973. Selenium: Biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase. Science 179, 588‑590.
  • Shetty, B.S., 2013. Wound healing and indigenous drugs: Role as antioxidants. Research and Reviews Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2(2), 5-16.
  • Shi, G., Wang, B., Wu, Q., Wang, T., Wang, C., Sun, X., Zong, W., Yan, M., Zhao, Q, Chen, Y., Zhang, W., 2014. Evaluation of the wound healing activity and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts from Acorus calamus L. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 27(1), 91-95.
  • Varshney, R., Kale, R.K., 1990. Effects of calmodulin antagonists on radiation‑induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes. International Journal of Radiation Biology 58, 733-743.
  • Vivayaraghavan, K., Rajkumar, J., Sayed, M.A., 2017. Efficacy of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts for the healing of rat excision wound. Veterinarni Medicina 62(10), 565-578.
  • Wolff, S.P., 1994. Ferrous ion oxidation in the presence of ferric ion indicator xylenol orange for measurement of hydroperoxides. Method in Enzymology 233, 182-189.
  • Xia, Y., Zweier, J.L., 1997. Measurement of myeloperoxidase in leukocyte‑containing tissues. Analytical Biochemistry 245, 93-96.
  • Xie, J., Liu, B., Su, Y., He, Y., Pan, L., Ge, X., Xu, P., 2008. Effect of anthraquinone extract from rhubarb Rheum officinale Bail on the crowding stress response and growth of common carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Jian. Aquaculture 281(1-4), 5-11.
  • Yang, S., Ma, K., Geng, Z., Sun, X., Fu, X., 2015. Oriented cell division: new roles in guiding skin wound repair and regeneration. Bioscience Report 35(6), e00280.
  • Yao, L.H., Jiang, Y.M., Shi, J., Chen, S.S., 2004. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits. Plant Food for Human Nutrition (Summer) 59(3), 113-122.
  • Zahran, E., Risha, E., AbdelHamid, F., Mahgoub, H.A., Ibrahim, T., 2014. Effects of dietary Astragalus Polysaccharides (APS) on growth performance, immunological parameters, digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 38(1), 149-157.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Original Article
Yazarlar

Olarinke Victoria Adenıyı 0000-0002-0964-8300

Flora Eyibio Olaıfa Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1263-4134

Benjamin Obukowho Emıkpe Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-2458-6504

Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8996-8610

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 44 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Adenıyı, O. V., Olaıfa, F. E., Emıkpe, B. O., Oyagbemi, A. A. (2018). Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, 44(2), 63-72.
AMA Adenıyı OV, Olaıfa FE, Emıkpe BO, Oyagbemi AA. Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Actavet. Mayıs 2018;44(2):63-72.
Chicago Adenıyı, Olarinke Victoria, Flora Eyibio Olaıfa, Benjamin Obukowho Emıkpe, ve Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi. “Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-Healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 44, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2018): 63-72.
EndNote Adenıyı OV, Olaıfa FE, Emıkpe BO, Oyagbemi AA (01 Mayıs 2018) Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 44 2 63–72.
IEEE O. V. Adenıyı, F. E. Olaıfa, B. O. Emıkpe, ve A. A. Oyagbemi, “Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)”, Actavet, c. 44, sy. 2, ss. 63–72, 2018.
ISNAD Adenıyı, Olarinke Victoria vd. “Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-Healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia 44/2 (Mayıs 2018), 63-72.
JAMA Adenıyı OV, Olaıfa FE, Emıkpe BO, Oyagbemi AA. Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Actavet. 2018;44:63–72.
MLA Adenıyı, Olarinke Victoria vd. “Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-Healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus Indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)”. Acta Veterinaria Eurasia, c. 44, sy. 2, 2018, ss. 63-72.
Vancouver Adenıyı OV, Olaıfa FE, Emıkpe BO, Oyagbemi AA. Experimental Evaluation of the Wound-healing and Antioxidant Activities of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) Pulp and Leaf Meal in the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Actavet. 2018;44(2):63-72.