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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>lisans</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-6020</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mehmet KURUDAYIOĞLU</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.16916/aded.1286233</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Other Fields of Education</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Alan Eğitimleri</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Development of Inference Skills Assessment Tool</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Çıkarım Becerilerini Değerlendirme Aracının Geliştirilmesi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-6852</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çetinkaya</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gökhan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>PAMUKKALE UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-5421</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yalınkılıç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kadir</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-6294</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karakoç Yurtseven</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tuba</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>T.C. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6816-7809</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Aydın</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mustafa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>T:C: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230723">
                    <day>07</day>
                    <month>23</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>11</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>473</fpage>
                                        <lpage>490</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230420">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230709">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable assessment tool to measure lower secondary school students&#039; inference skills. In the process of developing the assessment tool, 45 questions were initially prepared with an orientation from a theoretical and conceptual framework, and this number was reduced to 28 due to reasons such as expert opinions, inference type and applicability in one class hour. Draft assessment tool was administered to 500 students of Grades 5-8 at lower secondary school. As a result of the analysis, 4 items with an item index of distinctiveness below 0.30 were excluded from the assessment tool. It was observed that each of the 24 items in the latest form of the Inference Skills Assessment Tool was significantly distinctive and had a high level of reliability based on internal consistency. The highest score to be obtained from the assessment tool was 24; the lowest score was 0. The multiple-choice questions in the assessment tool had 4 options, and an assessment was to be made over 24 points by giving “1” to correct answers and “0” to empty answers. High scores on the assessment tool indicated that the reader had high level of inference skills.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin çıkarım becerilerini ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir değerlendirme aracı geliştirmektir. Değerlendirme aracını geliştirme sürecinde kuramsal ve kavramsal çerçeveden yönelimle ilk aşamada 45 soru hazırlanmış, sonrasında uzman görüşleri, çıkarım türleri ve bir ders saatinde uygulanabilirlik gibi nedenlerden dolayı bu sayı 28’e indirilmiştir. Taslak değerlendirme aracı, ortaokul 5-8. sınıfta öğrenimini sürdüren 500 öğrenci üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Yapılan çözümleme sonucunda, madde ayırt edicilik indeksi 0.30’un altında olan 4 madde değerlendirme aracından çıkarılmıştır. Çıkarım Becerilerini Değerlendirme Aracı’nın en son biçiminde yer alan 24 maddenin her birinin anlamlı düzeyde ayırt edici olduğu ve iç tutarlılığa bağlı güvenirliğinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Değerlendirme aracından alınacak en yüksek puan 24; en düşük puan ise 0’dır. Değerlendirme aracında yer alan çoktan seçmeli sorular 4 seçenekli olup, doğru yanıtlara “1” yanlış ve boş yanıtlara “0” puan verilerek 24 puan üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmalıdır. Değerlendirme aracından alınacak yüksek puanlar okuyucunun çıkarım becerisinin yüksek olduğunu gösterir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Sözcüksel çıkarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  önermesel çıkarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  edimsel çıkarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çıkarım becerisi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Lexical inference</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  propositional inference</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  pragmatic inference</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  inference skill</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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