atd Adli Tıp Dergisi 1018-5275 2149-0570 Adli Tıp Kurumu 10.61970/adlitip.1411143 Forensic Chemistry Adli Kimya Discrimination of Pen Inks Using Thin Layer Chromatography and UV-visible Spectroscopy İnce Katman Kromatografisi ve UV Görünür Spektroskopi Kullanılarak Kalem Mürekkeplerinin Ayırımı https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5111-3351 Gupta Vinayak Punjabi University https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6358-1789 Kaur Jasandeep Punjabi University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4699 Saini Komal Punjabi University 12 31 2024 38 3 183 194 12 28 2023 11 11 2024 Copyright © 1985, Adli Tıp Dergisi 1985 Adli Tıp Dergisi

In present days, crimes related to forgery and alterations are increasing day by day. In these cases, questioned document examiners are appointed to clarify the doubts arising in writing. Various writing instruments that have different ink constituents are used to produce numerous documents. When the ink is under suspicion, multiple techniques are used to differentiate the ink and its components. Among them, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and UV-visible spectrometry were used in this study to discriminate various pen ink writings. Thin-layer chromatography was used to separate the components of pen inks and differentiate these based on colour, hRf value and number of spots. On the other hand, UV-visible spectrometry was used to discriminate inks based on the peaks of the UV-visible spectra. The percentage of total differentiation of inks with combined analysis by TLC and UV spectrometry for blue, red, black and green ballpoint pens was 89.58%, 80%, 66.67% and 71.43%, respectively and for blue, red, black and green pilot pens, a total discrimination percentage of 44.45%, 100%, 57.14% and 100% respectively was achieved. The combined results of TLC and UV-visible spectrophotometer were capable of individualising most of the pen ink samples. The analysis using a UV-visible spectrophotometer also helped support the TLC examination results. Keywords: Thin layer chromatography, UV-visible spectrometry, differentiation of pens, ballpoint pens, pilot pens.

Günümüzde sahtecilik ve tahrifata ilişkin suçlar her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu durumlarda, yazıyla ilgili ortaya çıkan şüpheleri açıklığa kavuşturmak için sorgulanan belge incelemecileri görevlendirilir. Farklı mürekkep bileşenlerine sahip çok sayıda belgenin üretilmesi için çeşitli yazı araçları kullanılır. Mürekkep şüphesi oluştuğunda mürekkebi ve bileşenlerini ayırt etmek için çeşitli teknikler kullanılır. Bu çalışmada çeşitli mürekkep bileşenlerini ayırt etmek için bunların arasında ince tabaka kromatografisi (TLC) ve UV görünür spektroskopi kullanıldı. TLC ve UV spektroskopisi ile kombine analiz ile mürekkeplerin toplam farklılaşma yüzdesi mavi, kırmızı, siyah ve yeşil tükenmez kalemler için sırasıyla %89,58, %80, %66,67 ve %71,43 olurken, mavi, kırmızı, siyah ve yeşil pilot kalemler için sırasıyla %89,58, %80, %66,67 ve %71,43 oldu. sırasıyla %44,45, %100, %57,14 ve %100’lük toplam ayrımcılık yüzdesine ulaşıldı. TLC ve UV-görünür spektrofotometrenin birleştirilmiş sonuçları, kalem mürekkebi örneklerinin çoğunu bireyselleştirme kapasitesine sahipti. UV görünür spektrofotometre kullanılarak yapılan analiz aynı zamanda TLC incelemesinin sonuçlarının desteklenmesine de yardımcı oldu.

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