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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>atd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Adli Tıp Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1018-5275</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2149-0570</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Adli Tıp Kurumu</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61970/adlitip.1811828</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Forensic Epidemiology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Adli Epidemiyoloji</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Determinants of Out-of-Hospital Death Certification In Pediatric and Adolescent Forensic Cases: A Retrospective Study From Türkiye</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Türkiye’de  Çocuk ve Ergen Adli Olgularında Hastane Dışı Ölüm Belgelendirmesinin Belirleyicileri: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-4654</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Muhammed Emre</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Adli Tıp Kurumu</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0909-8935</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Güzel Tanoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esra</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Health Sciences</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-0883</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Esen</surname>
                                    <given-names>M. Fevzi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, HAMİDİYE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, SAĞLIK BİLİŞİMİ SİSTEMLERİ ANABİLİM DALI (DİSİPLİNLERARASI)</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Güner</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fatih</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-6583</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Oduncu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Muhammed</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Adli Tıp Kurumu</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>40</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>1</fpage>
                                        <lpage>10</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251128">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260424">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1985, Adli Tıp Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1985</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Adli Tıp Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Aim: The distinction between in-hospital and out-of-hospital death certification carries important forensic and epidemiologic implications. While many studies have examined clinical outcomes of pediatric deaths, few have investigated the demographic, circumstantial, and cause-specific predictors of out-of-hospital certification in forensic practice.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2,214 pediatric and adolescent forensic cases recorded between 2019-2023. Variables included cause of death, sex, nationality, age at death, place of incident, and season. Causes of death were grouped as intentional injuries, unintentional injuries, medical or procedural causes, and other or undetermined. Place of death was dichotomized into in-facility/ambulance and out-of-hospital. Descriptive analyses, chi-square test, nonparametric comparisons, and multivariable logistic regression were applied.Results: Overall, 17.9% of cases were certified out of hospital. Out-of-hospital certification was significantly more likely for unintentional injuries (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.45-2.67), intentional injuries (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.15-3.35), and other or undetermined causes (OR=26.89, 95% CI: 18.10-39.97) compared with medical or procedural causes. Foreign nationality (OR=1.90, 95% CI: 1.42-2.54) and increasing age (OR=1.14 per year, 95% CI: 1.12-1.17) were also independent predictors. Seasonal variation showed lower odds in summer relative to winter (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46-0.93). Sex was not associated with place of death. Model diagnostics supported validity, with acceptable collinearity, linearity of the logit for age, and strong overall fit.Conclusions: Out-of-hospital death certification among children and adolescents was strongly associated with external and undetermined causes, older age, and foreign nationality. These findings provide context-specific evidence from Türkiye and suggest that out-of-hospital death certification may reflect differences in case circumstances, access to care, and social vulnerability. Better integration of forensic data with public health surveillance may improve the interpretation of pediatric mortality patterns.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Hastane içi ve hastane dışı ölüm belgelendirmesi arasındaki ayrım, önemli adli ve epidemiyolojik sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Pediatrik ölümlerin klinik sonuçları üzerine birçok çalışma yapılmış olsa da, adli uygulamalarda hastane dışı ölüm belgelendirmesinin demografik, durumsal ve nedene özgü belirleyicilerini inceleyen araştırmalar sınırlıdır.Metod: 2019–2023 yılları arasında kaydedilen 2.214 pediatrik ve adolesan adli olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Değişkenler arasında ölüm nedeni, cinsiyet, uyruk, ölüm yaşı, olay yeri ve mevsim yer aldı. Ölüm nedenleri; kasıtlı yaralanmalar, kasıtsız yaralanmalar, tıbbi veya işlemsel nedenler ile diğer veya belirlenemeyen nedenler olarak sınıflandırıldı. Ölüm yeri, kurum/ambulans içi ve hastane dışı olarak iki kategoriye ayrıldı. Tanımlayıcı analizler, ki-kare testi, parametrik olmayan karşılaştırmalar ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizleri uygulandı.Bulgular: Olguların genelinde %17,9’u hastane dışında belgelendirilmişti. Hastane dışı ölüm belgelendirmesi, tıbbi veya işlemsel nedenlere kıyasla kasıtsız yaralanmalar (OR=1,97; %95 GA: 1,45–2,67), kasıtlı yaralanmalar (OR=1,96; %95 GA: 1,15–3,35) ve diğer veya belirlenemeyen nedenler (OR=26,89; %95 GA: 18,10–39,97) için anlamlı derecede daha olasıydı. Yabancı uyruk (OR=1,90; %95 GA: 1,42–2,54) ve artan yaş (her yaş için OR=1,14; %95 GA: 1,12–1,17) de bağımsız belirleyicilerdi. Mevsimsel değişim açısından yaz mevsiminde, kışa göre daha düşük olasılık saptandı (OR=0,65; %95 GA: 0,46–0,93). Cinsiyet ile ölüm yeri arasında anlamlı ilişki bulunmadı. Model tanılamaları, yaş için logit doğrusalığı, düşük kollineerlik ve güçlü genel uyum ile geçerliliği destekledi.Sonuç: Çocuk ve adolesanlarda hastane dışı ölüm belgelendirmesi; dışsal ve belirlenemeyen nedenler, ileri yaş ve yabancı uyruk ile güçlü şekilde ilişkiliydi. Bu bulgular, pediatrik mortalitede adli uygulamalar, sağlık hizmetine erişim ve sosyal belirleyiciler arasındaki etkileşimi ortaya koymaktadır. Hastane öncesi yanıtın güçlendirilmesi ve sağlık hizmetine erişimde eşitliğin artırılması, adli gözetimin kalitesini iyileştirebilir ve eşitsizlikleri azaltabilir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>death certificates</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  child mortality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  adolescent mortality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  out-of-hospital death</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  forensic pathology</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Adli patoloji</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ölüm belgeleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çocuk ölümleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  adolesan (ergen) ölümleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  hastane dışı ölüm</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                    </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
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