Sigara İçenlerde Serum Scube-1 Düzeyleri ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Trombosit aktivasyonunun bir göstergesi olan Serum signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein-1 (SCUBE-1), kardiyovasküler hastalık riskini değerlendirmek için kullanılan bir biyokimyasal belirteçtir. Bu çalışma; sigara içenlerde SCUBE-1' in plazma düzeylerinin sağlıklı kontrollere göre değişimini değerlendirmeyi ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araçlar ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma; kontrol gruplu, deneysel ve tek merkezli bir çalışma olarak tasarlandı. Çalışmaya üçüncü basa-mak bir hastanenin Sigara Bırakma Kliniği’ne başvuran 18-65 yaş arası sigara içenler ile Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve hiç sigara içmemiş sağlıklı gönüllülerden oluşan kontrol grubu dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileri ve sigara içenlerin sigara içme öyküleri ile bağımlılık düzeyleri sorgulandı. Ekshale edilen karbon monoksit (CO) seviyeleri ölçüldü. Plaz-ma SCUBE-1 seviyeleri venöz kandan alınan numunelerden çalışıldı ve karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: "Sigara içen" hasta grubu (n=44) ve "sigara içmeyen" kontrol grubu (n=38) olmak üzere toplam 82 kişi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Ortalama SCUBE-1 değeri sigara içenlerde 1.28±0.70 ng/ml, içmeyenlerde 1.54±1.09 ng/ml idi. SCUBE-1 açısından sigara içenler ve içmeyenler arasında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p=0.500). SCUBE-1 düzeyleri ile ekshale CO düzeyi, sigara içme özellikleri ve bağımlılık düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Sonuç: Plazma SCUBE-1 değeri sigara içenlerde anlamlı düzeylerde yüksek bulunmamakla birlikte kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin ve tromboza yatkınlığın değerlendirilmesinde yararlı olup olmayacağı hususunun bu kişilerde hastalık gelişim sürecinin de inceleneceği daha ileri araştırmalar ile açıklığa kavuşturulabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Karbon monoksit
• Kardiyovasküler risk
• Fagerström
• SCUBE-1
• Sigara içimi

Evaluation of Serum Scube-1 Levels and Affecting Factors in Smokers

Abstract

Purpose: Serum signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein-1 (SCUBE-1), an indicator of platelet activation, is a bio-chemical marker used to evaluate the risk for cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the alteration of plasma levels of SCUBE-1 in smokers compared to healthy controls and determine the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as an experimental, single-centered study with a control group. The study included smokers aged 18-65 years who were admitted to the Smoking Cessation Clinic of a tertiary hospital and a control group consisting of healthy volunteers admitted to the Family Medicine Outpatient Clinic and had never smoked. Sociodemographic data of all participants and smoking histories and addiction levels of smokers were questioned. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) levels were measured. Plasma SCUBE-1 levels were studied and compared from samples obtained from venous blood. Results: A total of 82 individuals, consisting of the "smoker" patient group (n=44) and the "non-smoker" control group (n=38), were included in the study. The mean SCUBE-1 value was 1.28±0.70 ng/ml in smokers, 1.54±1.09 ng/ml in non-smokers. There was no statistical difference between groups in terms of SCUBE-1 (p=0.500). There was no statistically significant correlation between SCUBE-1 levels and exhaled CO level, smoking characteristics and addiction levels. Conclusion: Although the plasma SCUBE-1 value was not found to be significantly higher in smokers, it is thought that whether it will be useful in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk and thrombosis susceptibility can be clarified with further studies that will also examine the disease development process in these people.

Keywords

• Carbon monoxide
• Cardiovascular risk
• Fagerström
• SCUBE-1
• Smoking

References

1. 1. World Health Organization. World health statis-tics overview 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. No. WHO/DAD/2019.1. World Health Organization, 2019.
2. 2. Messner B, Bernhard D. Smoking and cardiovas-cular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dys-function and early atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34(3):509-515.
3. 3. Puig-Cotado F, Tursan d’Espaignet E, St Claire S, et al. Tobacco and coronary heart disease: WHO tobacco knowledge summaries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
4. 4. Gibbons DL, Byers LA, Kurie JM. Smoking, p53 mutation, and lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2014;12(1):3-13.
5. 5. Tsai MT, Cheng CJ, Lin YC, et al. Isolation and characterization of a secreted, cell-surface gly-coprotein SCUBE2 from humans. Biochem J. 2009;422(1):119-128.
6. 6. Zhuang J, Deane JA, Yang RB, Li J, Ricardo SD. SCUBE1, a novel developmental gene involved in renal regeneration and repair. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(5):1421-1428.
7. 7. Grimmond S, Larder R, Van Hateren N, et al. Cloning, mapping, and expression analysis of a gene encoding a novel mammalian EGF-related protein (SCUBE1). Genomics. 2000;70(1):74-81.
8. 8. Tu CF, Yan YT, Wu SY, et al. Domain and func-tional analysis of a novel platelet-endothelial cell surface protein, SCUBE1. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(18):12478-12488.

9. 9. Dai DF, Thajeb P, Tu CF, et al. Plasma concentra-tion of SCUBE1, a novel platelet protein, is ele-vated in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51(22):2173-2180.
10. 10. Sonmez E, Turkdogan KA, Karabacak M, et al. The diagnostic role of signal peptide-C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1-epidermal growth factor do-main-containing protein 1 in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(1):21-24.
11. 11. Turkmen S, Sahin A, Gunaydin M, et al. The va-lue of signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein-1 (SCUBE1) in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a preliminary study. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(8): 922-926.
12. 12. Turkmen S, Mentese S, Mentese A, et al. The va-lue of signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 1 and oxidative stress parame-ters in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ische-mia. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(3):257-264.
13. 13. Mentese A, Fidan E, Sumer AU, et al. Is SCUBE 1 a new biomarker for gastric cancer?. Cancer Biomark. 2012;11(5):191-195.
14. 14. Gürz S, Çelik B, Menteşe A, Us Altay D. Diag-nostic value of signal peptide-Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, and Bmp1-epidermal growth fac-tor domain-containing protein 1 on serum and tissue samples in non-small cell lung can-cer. Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg. 2018;26(2):246-253.
15. 15. Topcu TO, Kavgaci H, Ozdemir F, et al. Elevated Serum Levels of SCUBE1, a Marker for Coagula-tion, in Patients with Breast Cancer. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015;237(2):127-132.
16. 16. Karagüzel E, Menteşe A, Kazaz İO, et al. SCU-BE1: a promising biomarker in renal cell can-cer. Int Braz J Urol. 2017;43(4):638-643.
17. 17. Bayoglu Tekin Y, Baki Erin K, Yilmaz A. Eva-luation of SCUBE-1 levels as a placental dys-function marker at gestational diabetes melli-tus. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(5):417-420.
18. 18. Bilir B, Soysal-Atile N, Ekiz Bilir B, et al. Evalua-tion of SCUBE-1 and sCD40L biomarkers in pa-tients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a single-blind, controlled clinical study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(3):407-413.
19. 19. Guzel M, Dogru MT, Simsek V, et al. Influence of circadian blood pressure alterations on serum SCUBE-1 and soluble CD40 ligand levels in pati-ents with essential hypertension. Am J Cardio-vasc Dis. 2019;9(4):42-48.
20. 20. Özkan G, Ulusoy S, Menteşe A, Karahan SC, Cansiz M. New marker of platelet activation, SCUBE1, is elevated in hypertensive pati-ents. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(6):748-753.
21. 21. Icel E, Icel A, Mertoglu C, et al. Serum SCUBE-1 levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol. 2020;40(4):859-865.
22. 22. Uyanikoglu H, Hilali NG, Yardimciel M, Koyun-cu I. A new biomarker for the early diagnosis of ovarian torsion: SCUBE-1. Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2018;45(2):94-99.
23. 23. Turedi S, Tatli O, Alver A, et al. The Diagnostic Value of Plasma SCUBE1, a Novel Biomarker of Platelet Activation, in Testicular Torsion: A Ran-domized, Controlled, Experimental Study. Urology. 2015;86(3): 516-520.
24. 24. Fagerstrom KO, Schneider NG. Measuring nico-tine dependence: a review of the Fagerstrom To-lerance Questionnaire. J Behav Med. 1989;12(2):159-182.
25. 25. Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karşıdağ C, Bayram NG, Uysal O, Yilmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks. 2004;52(2):115-121.
26. 26. Erb P, Raiff BR, Meredith SE, Dallery J. The ac-curacy of a lower-cost breath carbon monoxide meter in distinguishing smokers from non-smokers. J Smok Cessat. 2015;10(1):59-64.
27. 27. Özyurt S, Karataş M, Gümüş A, Kara B, Çınarka H, Şahin Ü. Elevated serum levels of signal pep-tide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein1 (SCUBE1) are associated with poor pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) prognosis. Biomedical Research (0970-938X) 2017;28:(15).
28. 28. Günaydın M, Türkmen S, Şahin A, et al. The di-agnostic value of SCUBE1 levels in acute ische-mic stroke. Turk. J. Biochem. 2014;39(1).
29. 29. Şahin A, Türkmen S, Menteşe A, et al. The Diag-nostic Value of SCUBE1 In Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department Due to Angina Pecto-ris. KÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2018;20(2):131-137.
30. 30. Özkan A, Sönmez E, Özdemir S, et al. The Diag-nostic Value of SCUBE-1 in Unstable Angina Pectoris Patients. Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2016;15(4):167-171.