Beyin Ölümü Tanısı Almış Hastaların Optik Sinir Kılıf Çaplarının Retrospektif Olarak İncelenmesi
Yıl 2023,
, 13 - 18, 16.04.2023
Oğuz Gündoğdu
,
Onur Avcı
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı; beyin ölümü tanısı almış hastaların optik sinir kılıf çapı (OSKÇ) ile beyin ölümü etiyolojisi arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak ve OSKÇ ile apne testi öncesi ve sonrası kan gazı parametreleri arasında korelasyon olup olmadığını araştırmaktır.
Araçlar ve Yöntem: Beyin ölümü tanısı almış 92 hastanın sağ ve sol göz için OSKÇ değerleri, parsiyel karbondioksit basıncı (pCO2), apne testi öncesi ve sonrası kan gazı parametreleri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Subaraknoid kanama ve intraserebral kanama en sık görülen beyin ölümü nedenleriydi. Sağ göz için ortalama OSKÇ değeri 6.37±1.03 mm, sol göz için 6.43±1.02 mm olarak bulundu. Sadece 8 hastanın OSKÇ çapı 5.00 mm’nin altında ölçüldü. pCO2’nin yüzdelik değişimi ile OSKÇ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon bulunmadı (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucuna göre beyin ölümü tanısı almış hastalarda OSKÇ değerleri pCO2’den bağımsız olarak çok yüksektir. Komadaki hastaların beyin ölümü tanısı açısından değerlendirilmesinde OSKÇ’nin kendisine bir yer bulacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Hansen HC, Helmke K. The subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerves. An ultrasound study of the optic nerve sheath. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 1996;18(4): 323-328.
- 2. Liu D, Kahn M. Measurement and relationship of subarachnoid pressure of the optic nerve to intracranial pressures in fresh cadavers. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116(5):548-556.
- 3. Killer HE, Laeng HR, Flammer J, Groscurth P. Architecture of arachnoid trabeculae, pillars, and septa in the subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve: anatomy and clinical considerations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87 (6):777-781.
- 4. Newman WD, Hollman AS, Dutton GN, Carachi R. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound: a means of detecting acute raised intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86 (10):1109-1113.
- 5. Goel RS, Goyal NK, Dharap SB, Kumar M, Gore MA. Utility of optic nerve ultrasonography in head injury. Injury. 2008;39(5):519-524.
- 6. Tayal VS, Neulander M, Norton HJ, Foster T, Saunders T, Blaivas M. Emergency department sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect findings of increased intracranial pressure in adult head injury patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49 (4):508-514.
- 7. Geeraerts T, Launey Y, Martin L, et al. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath may be useful for detecting raised intracranial pressure after severe brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 2007;33(10):1704-1711.
- 8. Maissan IM, Dirven PJ, Haitsma IK, Hoeks SE, Gommers D, Stolker RJ. Ultrasonographic measured optic nerve sheath diameter as an accurate and quick monitor for changes in intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. 2015;123(3):743-747.
- 9. Kimberly HH, Shah S, Marill K, Noble V. Correlation of optic nerve sheath diameter with direct measurement of intracranial pressure. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(2):201-204.
- 10. Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Simicevic DS, Popovic IM, et al. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath in brain death. Perspect. Biol. Med. 2012;1:414-416.
- 11. Yazar MA. Bedside ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath in brain death. Transplant Proc. 2019;51(7):2180-2182.
- 12. Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM, Bas DF, Kozak HH. Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Brain Death. J Neuroimaging. 2015;25(6):906-909.
- 13. Eira CSLD, Barros MIT, Albuquerque AMP. Organ donation: the reality of an intensive care unit in Portugal. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30:201-207.
- 14. Escudero D, Valentín MO, Escalante JL, et al. Intensive care practices in brain death diagnosis and organ donation. Anaesthesia. 2015;70:1130-1139.
Retrospective Evaluation of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameters of Patients Diagnosed with Brain Death
Yıl 2023,
, 13 - 18, 16.04.2023
Oğuz Gündoğdu
,
Onur Avcı
Öz
Purpose: Purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the etiology of brain death and to investigate whether there is a correlation between ONSD and blood gas parameters before and after the apnea test in patients diagnosed with brain death.
Materıals and Methods: The data of 92 patients with brain death diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed for ONSD measurements for each eye, partial carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), and blood gas parameters before and after the apnea test.
Results: Subarachnoidal and intracerebral hemorrhages were the two most common brain death etiology. The mean ONSD for the right eye was 6.37±1.03 mm. The mean ONSD for the left eye was 6.43±1.02 mm. Only 8 patients had ONSD below 5.00 mm. There was no statistically significant correlation between the percent change of pCO2 and ONSD change (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The present study shows that ONSD values are very high regardless of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in patients with brain death diagnoses. We can suggest that ONSD can find a place for evaluating comatose patients for brain death diagnosis.
Kaynakça
- 1. Hansen HC, Helmke K. The subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerves. An ultrasound study of the optic nerve sheath. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 1996;18(4): 323-328.
- 2. Liu D, Kahn M. Measurement and relationship of subarachnoid pressure of the optic nerve to intracranial pressures in fresh cadavers. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;116(5):548-556.
- 3. Killer HE, Laeng HR, Flammer J, Groscurth P. Architecture of arachnoid trabeculae, pillars, and septa in the subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve: anatomy and clinical considerations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87 (6):777-781.
- 4. Newman WD, Hollman AS, Dutton GN, Carachi R. Measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter by ultrasound: a means of detecting acute raised intracranial pressure in hydrocephalus. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002;86 (10):1109-1113.
- 5. Goel RS, Goyal NK, Dharap SB, Kumar M, Gore MA. Utility of optic nerve ultrasonography in head injury. Injury. 2008;39(5):519-524.
- 6. Tayal VS, Neulander M, Norton HJ, Foster T, Saunders T, Blaivas M. Emergency department sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter to detect findings of increased intracranial pressure in adult head injury patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49 (4):508-514.
- 7. Geeraerts T, Launey Y, Martin L, et al. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath may be useful for detecting raised intracranial pressure after severe brain injury. Crit. Care Med. 2007;33(10):1704-1711.
- 8. Maissan IM, Dirven PJ, Haitsma IK, Hoeks SE, Gommers D, Stolker RJ. Ultrasonographic measured optic nerve sheath diameter as an accurate and quick monitor for changes in intracranial pressure. J. Neurosurg. 2015;123(3):743-747.
- 9. Kimberly HH, Shah S, Marill K, Noble V. Correlation of optic nerve sheath diameter with direct measurement of intracranial pressure. Acad Emerg Med. 2008;15(2):201-204.
- 10. Lovrencic-Huzjan A, Simicevic DS, Popovic IM, et al. Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath in brain death. Perspect. Biol. Med. 2012;1:414-416.
- 11. Yazar MA. Bedside ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath in brain death. Transplant Proc. 2019;51(7):2180-2182.
- 12. Topcuoglu MA, Arsava EM, Bas DF, Kozak HH. Transorbital Ultrasonographic Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Brain Death. J Neuroimaging. 2015;25(6):906-909.
- 13. Eira CSLD, Barros MIT, Albuquerque AMP. Organ donation: the reality of an intensive care unit in Portugal. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2018;30:201-207.
- 14. Escudero D, Valentín MO, Escalante JL, et al. Intensive care practices in brain death diagnosis and organ donation. Anaesthesia. 2015;70:1130-1139.