Pressure Ulcer Prevention Studies: Current Perspectives

Abstract

Pressure ulcers are common and painful wounds encountered in intensive care settings that are preventable. The aim of this study is to summarize the best evidence on the prevention and management of pressure ulcers, aiming to reduce their incidence and improve care quality by providing an updated resource. In addition to guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention and the latest published recommendations, new proposals from high-evidence studies were reviewed. Recent studies have shown an increase in research related to pressure ulcers, particularly highlighting the potential use of prone positioning, which was also utilized during the COVID-19 pandemic, in preventing pressure ulcers. However, guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention have not yet recommended this position at a certain level of evidence. The study also addresses the evaluation of risk factors using the Braden Scale, skin assessment and care, comparisons of support surfaces, comparisons of wound dressings, and educational strategies, all based on current research and evidence for preventing pressure ulcers. Thus, this study presents an overview of new approaches focusing on methods to prevent pressure ulcers, aiming to identify effective strategies based on current perspectives.

Keywords

• pressure ulcer
• prevention
• wound

Basınç Yarası Önleme Çalışmaları: Güncel Bakış

Abstract

Basınç yaraları, yoğun bakımlarda sıkça karşılaşılan ağrılı ve önlenebilir yaralardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, basınç yaralarının önlenmesi ve kontrolüne ilişkin en iyi kanıtları özetlemek, basınç yaralarının insidansını azaltmak ve bakım kalitesini artırmak için bir güncel bir kaynak oluşturmaktır. Bu amaçla basınç yaralarının önlenmesine yönelik rehberler ve son yayınlanan rehberlere ek olarak kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmaların yeni önerileri incelendi. Basınç yarası ile ilgili çalışmalar son dönemlerde arttığı görülmekle birlikte ve özellikle COVID-19 döneminde kullanılan yüzüstü pozisyonun basınç yaralarında da kullanılabileceği bildirilmektedir. Ancak, basınç yarası önlemede rehberlerin henüz bu pozisyonun belli bir kanıt seviyesinde önermediği görülmektedir. Basınç yaralarının önlenmesi için risk faktörlerinin değerlendirmede Braden Ölçeğinin kullanılması, deri değerlendirme ve bakımı, destek yüzeylerin birbirine üstünlüğü, yara örtüleri ile ilgili karşılaştırmalar ve eğitim konusu güncel çalışmalar ve kanıtlar sunularak ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, güncel perspektifleri temel alarak basınç yaralarını önleme yöntemlerine odaklanan ve etkili stratejilerin belirlenmesine yönelik yeni yaklaşımların derlendiği bir çalışma sunulmaktadır.

Keywords

• basınç yarası
• önleme
• yara

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