Peripheral Nerve Injuries and Regeneration

Abstract

Peripheral nerves are a system consisting of various nerve fibers named according to the functions they stimulate in the target organ that provides motor and sensory stimulation between the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Peripheral nerves, which are quite open to trauma, are injured for different reasons. Damage to the peripheral nerves negatively affects the motor and sensory stimulation of the person. After peripheral injuries, degenerative processes are initiated due to damage to the peripheral nerve. In injuries that interrupt the axonal continuity, the distal parts of the axon degenerate because the metabolic events required for the continuity of the nerve function cannot occur in the axon. Schwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation and remyelination play an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration. The regenerative process is a process where many factors work together. In this review, the regeneration process after peripheral nerve injuries, neurotrophic factors affecting regeneration and the mechanisms of action of different methods used in the treatment process are discussed.

Keywords

• neurotrophic factor
• peripheral nerve degeneration
• peripheral nerve regeneration
• schwann cell

Periferik Sinir Yaralanmaları ve Rejenerasyonu

Abstract

Periferik sinirler merkezi sinir sistemi ve periferal organlar arasındaki motor ve duyu uyarımını sağlayan hedef organda uyardıkları fonksiyonlara göre isimledirilen çeşitli sinir liflerinden oluşan sistemdir. Travmalara oldukça açık bulunan periferik sinirlerde farklı sebepler ile yaralanmalar gözlemlenir. Bu şekilde periferik sinirlerde oluşabilecek hasar kişinin motor ve duyu uyarımını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Periferal yaralanmaların ardından perifrerik sinirde hasara bağlı olarak dejeneratif süreçler başlatılır. Aksonal devamlılığı kesintiye uğratacak derecedeki yaralanmalarda aksonda sinir fonksiyonunun devamlılığı için gereken metabolik olaylar gerçekleşemediği için distal kısımlar dejenerasyona uğrar. Periferik sinir rejenerasyonunda Schwann hücre dediferansiyasyonu, proliferasyonu ve remiyelinizasyon önemli rol oynar. Rejeneratif süreç ise oldukça fazla faktörün bir arada çalıştığı bir süreçtir. Bu derlemede, periferik sinirde meydana gelen yaralanmaların ardından gerçekleşen rejenerasyon süreci, ayrıca rejenerasyona etki eden nörotrofik faktörler ve tedavi sürecinde kullanılan farklı metotların etki mekanizmalarına değinilmiştir.

Keywords

• nörotrofik faktör
• periferik sinir dejenerasyonu
• periferik sinir rejenerasyonu
• schwann hücresi

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