<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>hbv-hfd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2651-4141</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-4068</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1018887</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Law in Context</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Hukuk</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>LİNK VERME VE ESER SAHİBİNİN UMUMA İLETİM HAKKININ AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ADALET DİVANI KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA İNCELENMESİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>EXAMINATION OF THE LINKING AND AUTHOR’S RIGHT OF COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC IN THE LIGHT OF DECISIONS OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8301-7072</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Açıkgöz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ahunur</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Eskişehir Osmangazi  Üniversitesi  Hukuk Fakültesi Özel Hukuk Bölümü  Fikri  Mülkiyet Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20211031">
                    <day>10</day>
                    <month>31</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>25</volume>
                                        <issue>4</issue>
                                        <fpage>217</fpage>
                                        <lpage>270</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20210705">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20211011">
                        <day>10</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1997, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1997</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Linkler, internetin etkin kullanımı açısından önemli ve temel bir araçtır. Linkin internet kullanıcısını, eser korumasını haiz bir içeriğe ya da bu içeriğin yer aldığı bir sayfaya yönlendirdiği durumlarda, link verme eyleminin eser sahibinin umuma iletim hakkı ile ilişkisinin ne olması gerektiği oldukça tartışmalıdır. Özellikle, farklı link verme yöntemlerinin farklı sonuçlanması, eserin kaynak sayfada hak sahibinin rızası ile yer alıp almadığı, internette içeriğe erişimin site işleticileri tarafından her zaman engellenebilme ihtimalinin varlığı ve internetin kendine has diğer özellikleri link verme eyleminin umuma iletim hakkı bakımından yeknesak bir şekilde değerlendirilmesini güçleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmada link verme eylemi ile umuma iletim hakkı arasındaki ilişki öncelikle doktrinde yer alan görüşler çerçevesinde ortaya konulacak, ardından ise konuyla ilgili Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı kararları detaylı bir şekilde incelenecektir. Çalışmanın sonunda, doktrindeki görüş ve ilgili kararlar ışığında, internette farklı menfaatler arasındaki dengeyi gözetecek şekilde soruna ilişkin bazı çözüm önerileri sunulacaktır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Links are essential and fundemantal instrument in terms of effective using of the internet. It is rather controversial that what should be the relation between linking and author’s right of communication to the public where the link is directing internet user to the content which is a protected work or to the page in which the content is placed. Especially, different results of different technics of linking, whether the work is placed with the consent of the right holder on the source page, the possibility of web-site operators to prevention of accessibility of the content and other unique characteristics of the internet make it difficult to assess linking in a uniform way in terms of the right of communication to the public. In this study, firstly the relation between linking and the right of communication to the public will be revealed within the framework of the opinions in the doctrine, secondly relevant decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union will be examined in detail. At the end of the study some solution proposals capable of striking a balance between various interests will be offered in the light of the opinions in the doctrine and relevant decisions.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İnternet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  link verme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  umuma iletim hakkı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  erişilebilir kılma hakkı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  yeni umum kriteri.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Internet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  linking</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  the right of the communication to the public</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  making available right</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  new public criterion.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Afori O. F, “Implied License: An Emerging New Standart in Copyright Law”, 2008, 25(2), SC Comp &amp; HighTechLJ, s. 275-326.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aksu M, “Avrupa Adalet Divanı’nın Bazı Kararları Işığında Link Vermeden Dolayı Sorumluluğun Umuma İletim Hakkı Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi”, 2019, 18(1), İKÜHFD, s. 33-62.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aplin T, Copyright Law in the Digital Society, Hart Publishing, 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arezzo E, “Hyperlinks and Making Available Right in the European Union – What Future for the Internet After Svensson”, 2014, 45 (5), IIC, s. 524-555.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale (ALAI), “Report and Opinion on the Making Available and Communication to the Public in the Internet Environment – focus on linking techniques on the Internet”, 2014, 36(3), EIPR, s. 149-154 (Report).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Association Littéraire et Artistique Internationale (ALAI), Opinion Proposed to the Executive Committee and adopted at its meeting, 17 September 2014 on the criterion “New Public”, Developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), Put in the Context of Making Available and Communication to the Public, &lt;https://www.alai.org/en/assets/files/resolutions/2014-opinion-new-public.pdf&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021 (Public).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ateş M, “Eser Sahibinin Umuma İletim Hakkı ya da ‘E-Haklar’: FSEK’in 25. Maddesine Dair Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, Fikrî Mülkiyet Hukuku Yıllığı 2012, Yetkin Yayınevi, 2013, s. 17-54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bailey J, “Rethinking Embedding and Framing”, (23.03.2021), &lt;https://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2021/03/23/rethinking-embedding-and-framing/&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Başpınar V/Kocabey D, İnternette Fikrî Hakların Korunması, Yetkin Yayınevi, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayamlıoğlu İ. E, Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Hukukunda Teknolojik Koruma, On İki Levha Yayınları, 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Burri M, “Permission to Link: Making Available via Hyperlinks in the European Union after Svensson”, 2015, 5(3), JIPITEC, s. 245-256.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bozbel S, “Fikrî Eserlerin Umuma Erişilebilir Kılınması (FSEK m. 25/II)”, Hâluk Konuralp Anısına Armağan (Cilt 3), Yetkin Yayınları, 2009, s. 196-218.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cavazos E. A/Miles C. F, “Copyright on the WWW: Linking and Liability”, 1997, 4(2), JOLT, &lt;http://jolt.richmond.edu/jolt-archive/v4i2/cavazos.html&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cruquenaire A, “Electronic Agents as Search Engines: Copyright Related Aspects”, 2001, 9(3), IJLIT, s. 327-343.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demirbaş A, “Telif Hukukunda İnternet Linki ve Avrupa Adalet Mahkemesi’nin Svensson ve Bestwater Kararları”, 2018, 5(1), İMÜHFD, s. 169-186.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Deveci H. A, “Hyperlinks Citations, Reproducing Original Works”, 2011, 27(5), CLSR, s. 465-478.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Eroğlu S, “İnternette Aktif Linkler Yoluyla Fikrî Haklara Müdahale”, Ünal Tekinalp’e Armağan (Cilt 2), Beta Yayınevi, 2003, s. 209-248.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">European Copyright Society, Opinion on The Reference to the CJEU in Case C-466/12 Svensson, University of Cambridge Faculty of Law Research Paper No. 6/2013, (15.02.2013), &lt;https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2220326&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ficsor M. J, Guide to the Copyright and Related Rights Treaties Administered by WIPO and Glossary of Copyright and Related Right Terms, WIPO, 2003 (2003).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ficsor M. J, “Svensson: Honest Attempt at Establishing Due Balance concerning the Use of Hyperlinks – spoiled by the erroneous ‘new public’ theory”, (07.11.2018), &lt;http://www.copyrightseesaw.net/en/papers?page=5&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021 (Public).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ginsburg J. C, “With Untired Spirits and Formal Constancy: Berne Compatibility of Formal Declaratory Measures to Enhance Copyright Title-Searching”, 2013, 28(3), BTLJ, s. 1583-1622 (Berne).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ginsburg J. C, “Hyperlinking and Infringement: The CJEU Decides (sort of)”, (17.03.2014), &lt;https://www.mediainstitute.org/2014/03/17/hyperlinking-and-infringement-the-cjeu-decides-sort-of/&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021 (Infringment).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gingsburg J. C, “Hyperlinking and ‘Making Available’, 2014, 36(3), EIPR, s. 147-148 (EIPR).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ginsburg J. C/Budiardjo L A, “Liability for Providing Hyperlinks to Copyright-Infringing Content: International and Comparative Law Perspectives”, 2018, 41(2), CJLA, s. 153-224.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Harvey N, Linking to a ‘New Public’: Parallels with the Principle of Exhaustion, Lund Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2015, &lt; https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&amp;recordOId=7451304&amp;fileOId=7451305&gt; Erişim Tarihi 03 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Headdon T, “An Epilogue to Svensson: The Same Old New Public and the Worms That Didn’t Turn”, 2014, 9(8), JIPLP, s. 662-668.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Helvacı S/Atar E. A, “Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Hukukunda Üç Aşamalı Test”, 2016, 22(3), MÜHFHAD, s. 1289-1302.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hugenholtz P. B/van Velze S. C, “Communication to a New Public? Three Reasons Why EU Copyright Law Can Do Without a ‘New Public’”, 2016, 47(7), IIC, s. 797-816.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İzmirli L. A, İnternet Ortamında Fikrî Mülkiyet Haklarının İhlali ve Korunması, Seçkin Yayınevi, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jenkins G, “An Extended Doctrine of Implied Consent – A Digital Mediator?”, 2021, 52, IIC, s. 706-733, &lt;https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-021-01024-2.pdf.&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kara D, “İnternette Linkler Yoluyla Umuma İletim Hakkına Müdahale: Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın 13 Şubat 2014 Tarihli Svensson ve Diğerleri, Retriever Sverige AB’ye Karşı Kararının İncelenmesi”, 2018/II, GSÜHFD, s. 401-428.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karapapa S, “Reconstructing Copyright Exhaustion in the Online World”, 2014, 4, IPQ, s. 307-325 (Exhaustion).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karapapa S, “The Requirement for a ‘New Public’ in EU Copyright Law”, 2017, 42(1), ELR, s. 63-81 (Public).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Litman Jessica, Digital Copyright, Prometheus Books, 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee T. B, “Links and Law: Myths”, (Nisan 1997), &lt;https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkMyths.html&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Levine Y. M/Muder D/Kay D/Warfel K/Barrows A, Internet: The Complete Reference, McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1999.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Memiş T, Fikrî Hukuk Bakımından İnternet Ortamında Müzik Sunumu, Seçkin Yayınevi, 2002 (Müzik).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Memiş T, “Fikri Hukuk Bakımından Link ve Frame Verilmesi”, 2011, 22(2), MHB, s. 394- 412 (Link).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mezei P, “Enter the Matrix: The Effects of CJEU Case Law on Linking and Streaming Technologies”, 2016, 11(10), JIPLP, s. 778-794.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mezei P/Jütte B. J, “CJEU Clarifies that Framing Infringes Copyright if TPMs are Circumvented”, (Mart 2021), &lt;https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350382658_CJEU_clarifies_that_framing_infringes_copyright_if_TPMs_are_circumvented&gt; Erişim Tarihi 03 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nicolosi P. A, “Website External Links &amp; Framing Legal Guide!”, &lt;https://www.internetlegalattorney.com/website-external-links-framing-liability-guide/&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öncü Ö, “Fikrî Hak İhlalleri Bakımından İnternet ‘Görsel’ Arama Motorları”, 2008, 10(1), DEÜHFD, s. 93-154.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özkan Z, Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta Müzik Eserlerinin Dijital İletimi, Yetkin Yayınevi, 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Öztan F, Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Hukuku, Turhan Kitabevi, 2008.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Peukert A, “A Bipolar Copyright System for the Digital Network Environment”, 2005, 28(1), HCELJ, s. 1-80.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pihlajarinne T, “Setting the Limits for the Implied License in Copyright and Linking Discourse – The European Perspective”, 2012, 43(6), IIC, s. 700-710.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Quintais J. P, “Private Copying and Downloading from Unlawful Sources”, 2015, 46(1), IIC, s. 66-92.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ricketson S/Gingsburg J. C, International Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (Vol. I), 2. Baskı, Oxford University Press, 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Reinbothe J/von Lewinski S, The WIPO Treaties 1996 – The WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty Commentary and Legal Analysis, Butterworths LexisNexis Yayınları, 2002.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosati E, “GS Media and Its Implications for the Construction of the Right of Communication to the Public within EU Copyright Architecture”, 2017, 54(4), CMLR, s. 1221-1242 (Implications).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosati E, “Linking and Copyright: Easier at Last? First National Applications of the CJEU GS Media Judgement” in Tatiana-Eleni ynodinou, Philippe ougleux, Christiana Markou, Thalia Prastitou (Eds.), EU Internet Law in the Digital Era, Springer Yayınları, 2020, s. 61-79 (GS Media).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosati E, “When Does a Communication to the Public Under EU Copyright Law Need to Be to a ‘New Public’?”, &lt;https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3640493&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021 (Public).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rosati E, “CJEU Rules that Linking Can Be Restricted by Contract, Though only by Using Effective Technological Measures”, (09.03.2021), &lt;https://ipkitten.blogspot.com/2021/03/cjeu-rules-that-linking-can-be.html&gt; Erişim Tarihi 02 Temmuz 2021 (Contract).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref54">
                        <label>54</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sieman J. S, “Using the Implied License to Inject Common Sense into Digital Copyright”, 2007, 85(3), NCLR, s. 885-930.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref55">
                        <label>55</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sterling J. A. L, World Copyright Law, Sweet &amp; Maxwell Yayınevi, 3. Baskı, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref56">
                        <label>56</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Strowel A/Hanley V, “Secondary Liability for Copyright Infringement with Regard to Hyperlinks” in Alain Strowel (Ed.), Peer-to-Peer File Sharing and Secondary Liability in Copyright Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref57">
                        <label>57</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Suluk C/Karasu R/Nal T, Fikrî Mülkiyet Hukuku, 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi, 2018.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref58">
                        <label>58</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şener Y. S, Fikrî Mülkiyet Hukukunda Dijital Veri Tabanlarının Korunması, Adalet Yayınevi, 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref59">
                        <label>59</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Synodinou T. E, “Who Is a Lawful User in European Copyright Law? From a Variable Geometry to a Taxonomy of Lawful Use” in Tatiana-Eleni ynodinou, Philippe ougleux, Christiana Markou, Thalia Prastitou (Eds.), EU Internet Law in the Digital Era, Springer Yayınları, 2020, s. 27-61.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref60">
                        <label>60</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tsoutsanis A, “Why Copyright and Linking Can Tango”, 2014, 9(6), JIPLP, s. 495-509.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref61">
                        <label>61</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Türkekul E, “İnternet Ortamında Fikir ve Sanat Eserlerinin Korunmasına İlişkin Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri” in Yeşim Atamer (Derl.), İnternet ve Hukuk, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2004, s. 561-596.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref62">
                        <label>62</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yavuz L/Alıca T/Merdivan F, Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu Yorumu (Cilt 2), 2. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
