Could Happiness Be an Assessment Tool in Sustainable Tourism Management?
Year 2020,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 338 - 370, 25.12.2020
Selvet Niyazieva
,
Vladimir Zhechev
Abstract
The continuous commitment of companies from different sectors to demonstrate ethical demeanor of their business activities and bring about development of the respective economy, while maintaining the society’s wellbeing, has seen enormous activism in the last years. This has been very much evident in the tourism sector where the responsibility towards the society takes many forms, ranging from initiatives to promote activities for cleaner environment to programs for supporting quality of life and fair payment for employees and their families. Given this shift in policy making and execution of tourism market players, this paper aims to critically evaluate the extant sources of literature in the field of sustainable management of tourism, happiness concept in sustainable development and tourism, and on this premise – to blueprint a conceptual model that can serve entities in the industry for effective running of their sustainability courses of action. Happiness was accepted as one of the important goals of Sustainable Development with some United Nations resolutions. In this relation, happiness became an up-to-date topic in the Sustainable Development agenda as a way for holistic measure of success on the national and international levels. So, the authors would like to propose Business Gross Happiness as an indicator for companies in the sustainable tourism industry to measure their success in their course to sustainable development goals.
Supporting Institution
University of Economics - Varna
References
- Aall, C. (2014). Sustainable tourism in practice: Promoting or perverting the quest for a sustainable development? Sustainability 6(5), 2562–2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6052562
- Adams, W. M. (2006). The future of sustainability. Re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century. In Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting. Retrieved from hhttp://www2.ecolex.org/server2neu.php/libcat/docs/LI/MON-075076.pdf
- Alfaro Navarro, J. L., Andrés Martínez, M. E., & Mondéjar Jiménez, J. A. (2019). An approach to measuring sustainable tourism at the local level in Europe. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(4), 423-437 https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1579174
- Aureliano-Silva, L., de Oliveira, P. S. G., & Alves, C. A. (2017). A relação entre a felicidade e o desejo por hospitalidade mediada pela autoimagem do turista e a imagem do seu destino. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa Em Turismo, 11(3), 436-453. https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v11i3.1324
- Baker, J. (2015). The rise of the conscious consumer: why businesses need to open up, Women in Leadership, The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from theguardian.com website: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2015/apr/02/the-rise-of-the-conscious-consumer-why-businesses-need-to-open-up
- Bakotić, D. (2016). Relationship between job satisfaction and organisational performance. Economic REsEaRch-Ekonomska IstRaživanja, 29(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1163946
- Bimonte, S., & Faralla, V. (2016). Does residents’ perceived life satisfaction vary with tourist season? A two-step survey in a Mediterranean destination. Tourism Management, 55, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.011
- Blancas, F. J., Lozano-Oyola, M., & González, M. (2015). A European Sustainable Tourism Labels proposal using a composite indicator. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.05.001
- Boley, B. B., McGehee, N. G., & Hammett, A. L. T. (2017). Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism Management, 58, 66-77.
- Bryson, A., Forth, J., & Stokes, L. (2015). Does Worker Wellbeing Affect Workplace Performance? Retrieved October 13, 2020, from http://ftp.iza.org/dp9096.pdf
- Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable Tourism: Research and Reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003
- Centre for Bhutan Studies, & GNH. (2017). Health, happiness and wellbeing; Implications for public policy. In Happiness Transforming the Development Landscape. Retrieved from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Happiness-transform_Final_with-cover.pdf
- Chen, Y. (2016). The Swiss tourist happiness index. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from The Swiss Tourist Happiness Index website: https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/swiss-hospitality-and-tourism-index
- Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903524852
- Chophel, S., & Ura, D.K. (2018). GNH of Business. In D. Karma and S. Chohel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Gross National Happiness, 7-9 November, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/gnh-of-business-proceedings-of-the-seventh-international-conference-on-gross-national-happiness/
- Cloutier, S., & Pfeiffer, D. (2015). Sustainability Through Happiness: A Framework for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development, 23(5), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1593
- Coffey, J. K., Warren, M. T., Gottfried, A. W., Coffey, J. K., Warren, Á. M. T., & Gottfried, A. W. (2015). Does Infant Happiness Forecast Adult Life Satisfaction? Examining Subjective Well-Being in the First Quarter Century of Life. J Happiness Stud, 16, 1401–1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x
- Copley, P. (2011). David Cameron’s Wellbeing Index could mean happiness is the next big thing. EG: Estates Gazette, 1136, 60–61.
- Crabtree, A., & Gasper, D. (2020). Conclusion: The sustainable development goals and capability and human security analysis. In A. Crabtree (Ed.), Sustainability, Capabilities and Human Security (pp. 169–182). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38905-5_7
- Croes, R., Rivera, M. A., & Semrad, K. J. (2017). 2016 Happiness Survey: Aruba Happiness & Tourism". Retrieved October 13, 2020, from Dick Pope Sr. Institute Publications website:https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1040&context=dickpope-pubs
- Dangi, T. B., & Jamal, T. (2016). An integrated approach to “sustainable community-based tourism” Sustainability, 8(5), 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050475
- De Neve, J. E., Diener, E., Tay, L., & Xuereb, C. (2013). The objective benefits of subjective well-being. In Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs, J., eds. World Happiness Report 2013 (Vol. 2, pp. 54–79). New York: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
- De Neve, J. E., & Ward, G. (2017). Does work make you happy? Evidence from the world happiness report. Harvard Business Review, 4, 1–7. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/03/does-work-make-you-happy-evidence-from-the-world-happiness-report
- Demircioglu, E. (2014). Organization performance and happiness in the context of leadership behavior. International Research Journal of York University, 1(1), 47–72. Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61484/
- Dendup, T., Prasad, B., Acharja, I. L., Dendup, T., & Zangpo, S. (2018). Review on the Role of Agriculture Cooperatives in Optimising Gross National Happiness. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 21(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2018/43992
- Drius, M., Bongiorni, L., Depellegrin, D., Menegon, S., Pugnetti, A., & Stifter, S. (2018). Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 1302-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121
- Elkington, J. (1997). Enter the Triple Bottom Line. Retrieved October 07, 2020, from http://www.johnelkington.com/archive/TBL-elkington-chapter.pdf
- Epstein, M., & Buhovac, A. (2014). Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate, Environmental, and Economic Impacts. In Ecological Economics. Retrieved June 01, 2020, from https://www.bkconnection.com/static/Making_Sustainability_Work_2nd_EXCERPT.pdf
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Eraydin, A. (2010). Environmental governance for sustainable tourism development: Collaborative networks and organisation building in the Antalya tourism region. Tourism Management, 31(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.002
- Esmail, H. A. H., & Shili, N. N. J. (2018). The relationship between happiness and economic development in KSA: Study of Jazan Region. Asian Social Science, 14(3), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n3p78
- European Commission. (2016). Study on specific challenges for a sustainable development of coastal and maritime tourism in Europe. https://doi.org/10.2826/94993
- Fernando, Y., Jasmi, M. F. A., & Shaharudin, M. S. (2019). Maritime green supply chain management: Its light and shadow on the bottom line dimensions of sustainable business performance. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 11(1), 60–93. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2019.096872
- Firoiu, D., Ionescu, G. H., Băndoi, A., Florea, N. M., & Jianu, E. (2019). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Romania. Sustainability, 11(7), 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072156
- Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
- Gil-Saura, I., & Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2019). Sustainable Practices in Spanish Hotels: A Response to Concerns on Quality of Life in Highly Visited Tourism Areas. In A. Campón-Cerro, J. Hernández-Mogollón, J. Folgado-Fernández (Eds), Best Practices in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management, Applying Quality of Life Research (pp. 201–216). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91692-7_10
- Goni, J. I. C., & Yustika, B. P. (2019). The Presence of Global Value Chain in Coastal Marine Tourism. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT, 4(1), 137–152. Retrieved from http://jrmb.ejournal-feuniat.net/index.php/JRMB/article/view/248
- Graham, C. (2014). In Pursuit of Happiness. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199549054.001.0001
- Green, F., Felstead, A., Gallie, D., & Inanc, H. (2016). Job-Related Well-Being Through the Great Recession. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9600-x
- Habibullah, M. S., Din, B. H., Chong, C. W., & Radam, A. (2016). Tourism and Biodiversity Loss: Implications for Business Sustainability. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00021-6
- Hadi, N. U., Ananda, C. F., & Khusaini, M. (2018). The happiness index as a new and complementary measurement of development as applied to each province of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(4), 214–221.
- Hardy, A., & Pearson, L. J. (2018). Examining stakeholder group specificity: An innovative sustainable tourism approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 8, 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.001
- Hatipoglu, B., Alvarez, M. D., & Ertuna, B. (2016). Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of cleaner production 111 (2016), 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.059
- He, P., He, Y., & Xu, F. (2018). Evolutionary analysis of sustainable tourism Sustainable tourism Greenpreference Green Innovation Government incentive mechanism Evolutionary game theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 69, 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.02.002
- Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. D. (2018). World Happiness Report 2018. Retrieved June 05, 2020, from http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/
- Henry, T., & Pink, D., (2016). It’s time we all work happy. Robert Half Personal Rekruting. Retrieved May 01, 2020, from https://www.roberthalf.com.au/sites/roberthalf.com.au/files/documents/Robert%20Half%20It%27s%20time%20we%20all%20work%20happy.pdf
- Henry, T., & Pink, D., (2017). The secret of the happiest companies and employees. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://www.roberthalf.co.uk/sites/roberthalf.co.uk/files/pdf/noindex/robert-half-united-kingdom-its-time-we-all-work-happy-2017.pdf
- Jhamb, A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism Industry. In Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 49–54). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch003
- Jobstreet. (2017). Employee Job Happiness Index 2017: Strategies to Engage, Motivate and Retain Top Talent. SEEK Asia Signature Market Research Series 4, 1–24. Retrieved February 2, 2020, from https://www.jobstreet.com.my/announcement/FTP/Job_Happiness_Index_2017_17_Jan.pdf
- Joo, B. K., & Lee, I. (2017). Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Evidence-Based HRM, 5(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-04-2015-0011
- Juvan, E., & Dolnicar, S. (2014). The attitude–behaviour gap in sustainable tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.05.012
- Kaushal, V., & Sharma, S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality: Relationships and Applications. In L. K. Guliani & S. A. Rizwan (Eds), Corporate Social Responsibility in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry (pp. 144-161). IGI Global.
- Keeble, B. R. (1988). The Brundtland Report: “Our Common Future.” Medicine and War, 4, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408783
- Keser, A. (2016). Happiness at work: Survey from Turkey. The 2016 International Academic Research Conference in London -Zurich 345, 295–301. Retrieved from http://www.ijbts-journal.com/images/column_1468911104/Binder6(Tract6)87-97.pdf
- Kisi, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040964
- Kraleva, V., & Ivanov, S. (2018). Towards а general model оf sustainable involvement. In proceedings of 10th International Scientific Conference "New Challenges of Economic and Business Development – 2018: Productivity and Economic Growth" (pp. 358 - 366). May 10 - 12, 2018, Riga, University of Latvia.
- Kraleva, V., Ivanov, S., Maric, R. (2020). Zones of activism and sustainable consumption - Insights from Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(24), 66-78.
- Lee, A. H. I., Chen, H. H., & Chen, S. (2015). Suitable organization forms for knowledge management to attain sustainable competitive advantage in the renewable energy industry. Energy, 89, 1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.047
- Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.007
- Liu, K. K. (2013). Happiness and Tourism. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(15), 67–70. Retrieved from www.ijbssnet.com
- Lohmann, M., & De Bloom, J. (2015). Happiness in a tourism context. International Conference on Gross National Happiness on GNH. Retrieved from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/2015GNHConference/Paperfor2015GNHConference/12.Happiness Tourism GNH conference paper 2015 05.pdf
- Lukina V., Zhechev V., & Niyazieva. S. (2020). New Challenges and Prospects for Marketers in Companies. In A. V. L. I. Skorobogatykh (Ed.), Materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific -Practical conference “Plekhanov forum of teachers.” "The joint creation of value in the university in the digital age: the development of subject areas: the role of teachers and students", 12 December 2019 (pp. 169–172). Moscow: FSBEI HE "REU named after G. V. Plekhanov” 2020. Collection of the 8th Plekhanov forum of teachers, 2020.
- Malindretos, G. (2013). Know - How and Sustainability. Innovation and Sustainability in Maritime Transport: Green Shipping, (May 2013).
- Marcon, A., de Medeiros, J. F.., & Ribeiro, J. L. D., (2016). Innovation and environmentally sustainable economy: Identifying the best practices developed by multinationals in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 160, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.101
- Martin, D., & Schouten, J. (2012). Marketing in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001
- Mendlewicz, D. (2019). Employee Happiness Leads to Business Success - Management Coaching from Employee Feedback Butterfly AI. Retrieved August 07, 2019, from https://www.butterfly.ai/employee-happiness-leads-to-business-success/
- Moscardo, G. (2008). Sustainable tourism innovation: Challenging basic assumptions. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2008.7
- Mujtaba, B. G., Wayne, H., Cavico, F. J., & Senathip, T. (2016). Sustainable Operational Management for Effective Leadership and Efficiency in the Modern Global Workplace. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB) An Online International Research Journal, 2(2), 2311–3197.
- Musikanski, L., Cloutier, S., Bejarano, E., Briggs, D., Colbert, J., Strasser, G., & Russell, S. (2017). Happiness Index Methodology. The journal of Social Change 9(1), 4–31. https://doi.org/10.5590/JOSC.2017.09.1.02
- NDP Steering Committee and Secretariat. (2013). Happiness: Towards a New Development Paradigm. Retrieved October 14, 2020 from http://www.penseesdemonrecif.org/images/inspirations/NDP_Report_Bhutan_2013.pdf
- Nezakati, H. & Hosseinpour, M. (2014). Green Tourism Practices in Malaysia. In H. Hamimah & H. Nezakati (Eds), Selected Issues in Hospitality and Tourism Sustainability (pp. 24-36). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
- Nielson. (2018). Global Consumers Seek Companies That Care About Environmental Issues. Retrieved May 11, 2019, from Nielsen website: https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2018/global-consumers-seek-companies-that-care-about-environmental-issues.html
- Niyazieva, S. (2020). Happiness – wind of change for shipping companies, a new way to measure their performance. Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies - Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2019, 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367810085-65
- Nokelainen, M. (2015). The elements of happy organizational culture. Retrieved January15, 2020, from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/109071/Theelementsofhappyorganizationalculture.pdf?sequence=1
- Olesen, S. F., & Wiking, M. (2017). Job Satisfaction INDEX 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2020 from https://6e3636b7-ad2f-4292-b910-faa23b9c20aa.filesusr.com/ugd/928487_f752364b0a43488c8c767532c0de4926.pdf
- Oliveira, E. (2018). The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Development of Sustainable Tourism. In: D. Crowther, S. Seifi, & T. Wond (Eds), Responsibility and Governance. Approaches to Global Sustainability, Markets, and Governance. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1047-8_8
- Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., & Sgroi, D. (2014). Happiness and Productivity. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://the-happiness-index.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Warwick-Study-into-Happiness-vs.-Productivity-2014.pdf
- Pai, A., & Krishnan, V. R. (2015). Can Transformational Leadership Increase the Happiness Index in Organisations Through Empowerment? Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 4(2/3), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.21863/johb/2015.4.2and3.009
- Pan, S.-Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S.-L., & Chiang, P.-C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134
- Panwar, N., & Singh Rautela, K. (2019). Mapping Sustainable Tourism into Emergency Management Structure to Enhance Humanitarian Networks and Disaster Risk Reduction Using Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Initiatives in Himalayan States: The Global Supply Chain Issues and Strategies Mapping Sus. In Emergency and Disaster Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1168–1190). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch054
- Petit, V. (2019) Solutions for a Sustainable Transition. In: The New World of Utilities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00187-2_5
- Prasad, J. S. D. (2017). WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON WORK CULTURE OF INDIAN ORGANISATIONS. The Journal of Commerce, 4(1), 33–44.
- Pratt, S., McCabe, S., & Movono, A. (2016). Gross happiness of a “tourism” village in Fiji. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 5(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.001
- Precup, R. E., & Hellendoorn, H. (2011). A survey on industrial applications of fuzzy control. Computers in Industry, 62, 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2010.10.001
- Pulido-Fernández, J. I., Andrades-Caldito, L., & Sánchez-Rivero, M. (2015). Is sustainable tourism an obstacle to the economic performance of the tourism industry? Evidence from an international empirical study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.909447
- Pulido-Fernández, J. I., & López-Sánchez, Y. (2016). Are tourists really willing to pay more for sustainable destinations? Sustainability, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121240
- Ram, Y., Nawijn, J., & Peeters, P. M. (2013). Happiness and limits to sustainable tourism mobility: A new conceptual model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.826233
- Ramgulam, N., Raghunandan-mohammed, K., & Raghunandan, M. (2013). Environmental sustainability in the 21st century: An assessment of Trinidad’s business tourism market. Review of Business and Finance Studies, 4(1), 51–62
- Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., & Cunha, M. P. (2010). Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and happiness as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0197-7
- Reineman, D. R., & Ardoin, N. M. (2018). Sustainable tourism and the management of nearshore coastal places: place attachment and disruption to surf-spots. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(2), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1352590
- Říha, D., Heinze, T., & Stros, M. (2017). Intercultural variations in personal sales factors in the Czech and U.S. automotive markets: Practical implications for marketing. Central European Business Review, 6(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.18267/J.CEBR.171
- Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.002
- Rosengren, A. (2018). Gross National Happiness in Business: Theories and Methods for Cultivating GNH in Swedish Work-life. In D. Karma and S. Chohel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Gross National Happiness (pp. 76–100). Retrieved from http://gnhsweden.com/gnh-in-business/
- Roshina, I., & Artyukhova, N. (2016). Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development, Happiness and Well-being of Single Industry Towns’ Population. TWELLSO 2016 - III International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World Social, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.6
- Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. lee J. (2015). Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: a 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.978790
- Şahin, Ö. (2018). Happiness Management in Micro, Small and Medium Sized Food and Beverage Enterprises (SMFBEs): Menteşe/Muğla Case. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 10(4), 843–867. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.552
- Santos, E. (2020). Promoting firms’ sustainability in tourism planning through employment. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 171, 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2024-2_31
- Schinzel, U. (2013). Why are people in Luxembourg happy? An exploratory study of happiness and culture measured by the dimension of a language as identifier in the Grand Duchy. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 12(4), 315–340. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539213X13875568505822
- Schroeder, K. (2015). Cultural values and sustainable tourism governance in Bhutan. Sustainability, 7(12), 16616–16630. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215837
- Schulte, P. A., Guerin, R. J., Schill, A. L., Bhattacharya, A., Cunningham, T. R., Pandalai, S. P., … Stephenson, C. M. (2015). Considerations for incorporating “well-being” in public policy for workers and workplaces. American Journal of Public Health. 105(8), 31-44 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302616
- Scott, D. (2011). Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.539694
- Séraphin, H., Platania, M., Spencer, P., Modica, G., Séraphin, H., Platania, M., … Modica, G. (2018). Events and Tourism Development within a Local Community: The Case of Winchester (UK). Sustainability, 10(10), 3728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103728
- Sezerel, H., & Kaymaz, C. (2019). Is Sustainable Tourism a Leverage FOR Economic Development? A critical review. In B. Christiansen, I. Sysoeva, A. Udovikina, & A. Ketova (Eds.), Emerging Economic Models for Global Sustainability and Social Development (pp. 46–64). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5787-6.ch003
- Sgroi, D., Hills, T., O’Donnell, G., Oswald, A., & Proto, E. (2017). Understanding happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. In Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy. Retrieved February 01, 2020, from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/centres/cage/publications/policyreports/policy-report-understanding-happiness/cage_report_understanding_happiness.pdf
- Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932–1946. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1779732
- Sims, R. (2009). Food, place and authenticity: local food and the sustainable tourism experience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802359293
- Singh, S., & Aggarwal, Y. (2018). Happiness at Work Scale: Construction and Psychometric Validation of a Measure Using Mixed Method Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1439–1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9882-x
- Sousa, J. M., & Porto, J. B., (2015). Happiness at Work: Organizational Values and Person-Organization Fit Impact. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 25(61), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201509
- Southworth, G. (2013). Understanding Human Happiness, Its Measure and a New Leadership Role. Integral Leadership Review, 13(3), 67–86. Retrieved October 1, 2019, from http://integralleadershipreview.com/9072-understanding-human-happiness-its-measure-and-a-new-leadership-role/
- Stiglitz, J. (2019). It’s time to retire metrics like GDP. They don’t measure everything that matters. The Guardian. Retrieved June14, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/24/metrics-gdp-economic-performance-social-progress
- Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258260767_Report_of_the_Commission_on_the_Measurement_of_Economic_Performance_and_Social_Progress_CMEPSP
- Sulakhe, P. A., & Bakre, P. P. (2019). Investigating factors and their impact which affect the happiness index of an entrepreneur. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1). 353-356
- Sweeney, J. R. (2020). The Cost and Benefits of Measuring Sustainability. Faculty and Staff Works. 1. https://kb.gcsu.edu/fac-staff/1
- The World Counts. (2019). Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism - The World Counts. Retrieved September 3, 2020, from https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/consumption/transport-and-tourism/negative-environmental-impacts-of-tourism/story
- Tideman, S. G. (2016). Gross National Happiness: lessons for sustainability leadership. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 5(2), 190–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-12-2014-0096
- Tien, N. H., Anh, D. B. H., & Ngoc, N. M. (2020). Corporate financial performance due to sustainable development in Vietnam. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 694–705. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1836
- UN, G. A. (n.d.). The UN and happiness. Retrieved May 13, 2018, from https://www.unric.org/en/happiness/27709-the-un-and-happiness
- UN General Assembly. (2012). Resolution 66/281 [International Day of Happiness]. Retrieved August 20, 2019, from https://happinessday.org/resolutions/
- Union for the Mediterranean (n.d). Blue Economy in The Mediterranean. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://ufmsecretariat.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/UfMS_Blue-Economy_Report.pdf
- United Nations (2012). Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development Draft note. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/715187
- UNWTO (2017). Measuring Sustainable Tourism: A Call for Action – Report of the 6th International Conference on Tourism Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 21 – 23 June 2017. In Measuring Sustainable Tourism: A Call for Action – Report of the 6th International Conference on Tourism Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 21 – 23 June 2017. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284418954
- UNWTO (2018). Statistical Framework for Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://www.unwto.org/standards/statistical-framework-for-measuring-the-sustainability-of-tourism
- Ura, K., Alkire, S., & Zangmo, T. (2012). GNH and GNH Index. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, (May), 1–60. Retrieved February 14, 2020, from http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Ura-et-al-Bhutan-Happiness-Chapter.pdf
- Verma, R. (2017). Gross National Happiness: meaning, measure and degrowth in a living development alternative. Special Section of the Journal of Political Ecology Verma Gross National Happiness Journal of Political Ecology, 24(24), 425–666. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_24/Verma.pdf
- Vikash, V. (2019). Human Development Index and Gross National Happiness Indices: A Conceptual Study. Advances in Management 12. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://worldresearchersassociations.com/mngmntspecialissue/10.pdf
- Weaver, D. B. (2012). Opinion Piece Organic, incremental and induced paths to sustainable mass tourism convergence. Tourism Management, 33, 1030–1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.011
- Wu, K.-J., Zhu, Y., Chen, Q., & Tseng, M.-L. (2019). Building Sustainable Tourism Hierarchical Framework: Coordinated Triple Bottom Line Approach in Linguistic Preferences. Journal of Cleaner Production. 229, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.212
- Zangmo, T., Wangdi, K., & Phuntsho, J. (2017). Proposed GNH of Business Bhutan: Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH. Retrieved February 20, 2020 from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/GNH-of-Business-.pdf
- Zhechev, V. S., & Zhecheva, D. P. (2019). Ethical Branding: A Corporate Commitment or Compliance with Contemporary Trends. Annals of Marketing-Mba, Department of Marketing, Marketing MBA (RSconsult), 4(December), 72–90. Retrieved from https://www.marketing-mba.ru/article/v4_19/Zhechev.pdf
- Zhong, R. (2015, December 17). In Bhutan, Gross National Happiness Trumps Gross National Product. Wall Street Journal (Online), 1.
- Zolfani, S. H., Sedaghat, M., Maknoon, R., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). Sustainable tourism: A comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 28(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2014.995895
Year 2020,
Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 338 - 370, 25.12.2020
Selvet Niyazieva
,
Vladimir Zhechev
References
- Aall, C. (2014). Sustainable tourism in practice: Promoting or perverting the quest for a sustainable development? Sustainability 6(5), 2562–2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6052562
- Adams, W. M. (2006). The future of sustainability. Re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century. In Report of the IUCN Renowned Thinkers Meeting. Retrieved from hhttp://www2.ecolex.org/server2neu.php/libcat/docs/LI/MON-075076.pdf
- Alfaro Navarro, J. L., Andrés Martínez, M. E., & Mondéjar Jiménez, J. A. (2019). An approach to measuring sustainable tourism at the local level in Europe. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(4), 423-437 https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1579174
- Aureliano-Silva, L., de Oliveira, P. S. G., & Alves, C. A. (2017). A relação entre a felicidade e o desejo por hospitalidade mediada pela autoimagem do turista e a imagem do seu destino. Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa Em Turismo, 11(3), 436-453. https://doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v11i3.1324
- Baker, J. (2015). The rise of the conscious consumer: why businesses need to open up, Women in Leadership, The Guardian. Retrieved May 21, 2019, from theguardian.com website: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2015/apr/02/the-rise-of-the-conscious-consumer-why-businesses-need-to-open-up
- Bakotić, D. (2016). Relationship between job satisfaction and organisational performance. Economic REsEaRch-Ekonomska IstRaživanja, 29(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2016.1163946
- Bimonte, S., & Faralla, V. (2016). Does residents’ perceived life satisfaction vary with tourist season? A two-step survey in a Mediterranean destination. Tourism Management, 55, 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.02.011
- Blancas, F. J., Lozano-Oyola, M., & González, M. (2015). A European Sustainable Tourism Labels proposal using a composite indicator. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 54, 39–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2015.05.001
- Boley, B. B., McGehee, N. G., & Hammett, A. L. T. (2017). Importance-performance analysis (IPA) of sustainable tourism initiatives: The resident perspective. Tourism Management, 58, 66-77.
- Bryson, A., Forth, J., & Stokes, L. (2015). Does Worker Wellbeing Affect Workplace Performance? Retrieved October 13, 2020, from http://ftp.iza.org/dp9096.pdf
- Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable Tourism: Research and Reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003
- Centre for Bhutan Studies, & GNH. (2017). Health, happiness and wellbeing; Implications for public policy. In Happiness Transforming the Development Landscape. Retrieved from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Happiness-transform_Final_with-cover.pdf
- Chen, Y. (2016). The Swiss tourist happiness index. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from The Swiss Tourist Happiness Index website: https://hospitalityinsights.ehl.edu/swiss-hospitality-and-tourism-index
- Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903524852
- Chophel, S., & Ura, D.K. (2018). GNH of Business. In D. Karma and S. Chohel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Gross National Happiness, 7-9 November, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/gnh-of-business-proceedings-of-the-seventh-international-conference-on-gross-national-happiness/
- Cloutier, S., & Pfeiffer, D. (2015). Sustainability Through Happiness: A Framework for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development, 23(5), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1593
- Coffey, J. K., Warren, M. T., Gottfried, A. W., Coffey, J. K., Warren, Á. M. T., & Gottfried, A. W. (2015). Does Infant Happiness Forecast Adult Life Satisfaction? Examining Subjective Well-Being in the First Quarter Century of Life. J Happiness Stud, 16, 1401–1421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9556-x
- Copley, P. (2011). David Cameron’s Wellbeing Index could mean happiness is the next big thing. EG: Estates Gazette, 1136, 60–61.
- Crabtree, A., & Gasper, D. (2020). Conclusion: The sustainable development goals and capability and human security analysis. In A. Crabtree (Ed.), Sustainability, Capabilities and Human Security (pp. 169–182). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38905-5_7
- Croes, R., Rivera, M. A., & Semrad, K. J. (2017). 2016 Happiness Survey: Aruba Happiness & Tourism". Retrieved October 13, 2020, from Dick Pope Sr. Institute Publications website:https://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1040&context=dickpope-pubs
- Dangi, T. B., & Jamal, T. (2016). An integrated approach to “sustainable community-based tourism” Sustainability, 8(5), 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050475
- De Neve, J. E., Diener, E., Tay, L., & Xuereb, C. (2013). The objective benefits of subjective well-being. In Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs, J., eds. World Happiness Report 2013 (Vol. 2, pp. 54–79). New York: UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network.
- De Neve, J. E., & Ward, G. (2017). Does work make you happy? Evidence from the world happiness report. Harvard Business Review, 4, 1–7. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/03/does-work-make-you-happy-evidence-from-the-world-happiness-report
- Demircioglu, E. (2014). Organization performance and happiness in the context of leadership behavior. International Research Journal of York University, 1(1), 47–72. Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/61484/
- Dendup, T., Prasad, B., Acharja, I. L., Dendup, T., & Zangpo, S. (2018). Review on the Role of Agriculture Cooperatives in Optimising Gross National Happiness. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 21(9), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2018/43992
- Drius, M., Bongiorni, L., Depellegrin, D., Menegon, S., Pugnetti, A., & Stifter, S. (2018). Tackling challenges for Mediterranean sustainable coastal tourism: An ecosystem service perspective. Science of The Total Environment, 652, 1302-1317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.121
- Elkington, J. (1997). Enter the Triple Bottom Line. Retrieved October 07, 2020, from http://www.johnelkington.com/archive/TBL-elkington-chapter.pdf
- Epstein, M., & Buhovac, A. (2014). Making Sustainability Work: Best Practices in Managing and Measuring Corporate, Environmental, and Economic Impacts. In Ecological Economics. Retrieved June 01, 2020, from https://www.bkconnection.com/static/Making_Sustainability_Work_2nd_EXCERPT.pdf
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Eraydin, A. (2010). Environmental governance for sustainable tourism development: Collaborative networks and organisation building in the Antalya tourism region. Tourism Management, 31(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.01.002
- Esmail, H. A. H., & Shili, N. N. J. (2018). The relationship between happiness and economic development in KSA: Study of Jazan Region. Asian Social Science, 14(3), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n3p78
- European Commission. (2016). Study on specific challenges for a sustainable development of coastal and maritime tourism in Europe. https://doi.org/10.2826/94993
- Fernando, Y., Jasmi, M. F. A., & Shaharudin, M. S. (2019). Maritime green supply chain management: Its light and shadow on the bottom line dimensions of sustainable business performance. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, 11(1), 60–93. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2019.096872
- Firoiu, D., Ionescu, G. H., Băndoi, A., Florea, N. M., & Jianu, E. (2019). Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Romania. Sustainability, 11(7), 2156. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11072156
- Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at Work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
- Gil-Saura, I., & Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2019). Sustainable Practices in Spanish Hotels: A Response to Concerns on Quality of Life in Highly Visited Tourism Areas. In A. Campón-Cerro, J. Hernández-Mogollón, J. Folgado-Fernández (Eds), Best Practices in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management, Applying Quality of Life Research (pp. 201–216). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91692-7_10
- Goni, J. I. C., & Yustika, B. P. (2019). The Presence of Global Value Chain in Coastal Marine Tourism. Jurnal Riset Manajemen Dan Bisnis (JRMB) Fakultas Ekonomi UNIAT, 4(1), 137–152. Retrieved from http://jrmb.ejournal-feuniat.net/index.php/JRMB/article/view/248
- Graham, C. (2014). In Pursuit of Happiness. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199549054.001.0001
- Green, F., Felstead, A., Gallie, D., & Inanc, H. (2016). Job-Related Well-Being Through the Great Recession. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(1), 389–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9600-x
- Habibullah, M. S., Din, B. H., Chong, C. W., & Radam, A. (2016). Tourism and Biodiversity Loss: Implications for Business Sustainability. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)00021-6
- Hadi, N. U., Ananda, C. F., & Khusaini, M. (2018). The happiness index as a new and complementary measurement of development as applied to each province of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 8(4), 214–221.
- Hardy, A., & Pearson, L. J. (2018). Examining stakeholder group specificity: An innovative sustainable tourism approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 8, 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.05.001
- Hatipoglu, B., Alvarez, M. D., & Ertuna, B. (2016). Barriers to stakeholder involvement in the planning of sustainable tourism: the case of the Thrace region in Turkey. Journal of cleaner production 111 (2016), 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.11.059
- He, P., He, Y., & Xu, F. (2018). Evolutionary analysis of sustainable tourism Sustainable tourism Greenpreference Green Innovation Government incentive mechanism Evolutionary game theory. Annals of Tourism Research, 69, 76–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.02.002
- Helliwell, J. F., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. D. (2018). World Happiness Report 2018. Retrieved June 05, 2020, from http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/
- Henry, T., & Pink, D., (2016). It’s time we all work happy. Robert Half Personal Rekruting. Retrieved May 01, 2020, from https://www.roberthalf.com.au/sites/roberthalf.com.au/files/documents/Robert%20Half%20It%27s%20time%20we%20all%20work%20happy.pdf
- Henry, T., & Pink, D., (2017). The secret of the happiest companies and employees. Retrieved May 10, 2020, from https://www.roberthalf.co.uk/sites/roberthalf.co.uk/files/pdf/noindex/robert-half-united-kingdom-its-time-we-all-work-happy-2017.pdf
- Jhamb, A. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism Industry. In Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 49–54). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch003
- Jobstreet. (2017). Employee Job Happiness Index 2017: Strategies to Engage, Motivate and Retain Top Talent. SEEK Asia Signature Market Research Series 4, 1–24. Retrieved February 2, 2020, from https://www.jobstreet.com.my/announcement/FTP/Job_Happiness_Index_2017_17_Jan.pdf
- Joo, B. K., & Lee, I. (2017). Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Evidence-Based HRM, 5(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-04-2015-0011
- Juvan, E., & Dolnicar, S. (2014). The attitude–behaviour gap in sustainable tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.05.012
- Kaushal, V., & Sharma, S. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality: Relationships and Applications. In L. K. Guliani & S. A. Rizwan (Eds), Corporate Social Responsibility in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry (pp. 144-161). IGI Global.
- Keeble, B. R. (1988). The Brundtland Report: “Our Common Future.” Medicine and War, 4, 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/07488008808408783
- Keser, A. (2016). Happiness at work: Survey from Turkey. The 2016 International Academic Research Conference in London -Zurich 345, 295–301. Retrieved from http://www.ijbts-journal.com/images/column_1468911104/Binder6(Tract6)87-97.pdf
- Kisi, N. (2019). A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11040964
- Kraleva, V., & Ivanov, S. (2018). Towards а general model оf sustainable involvement. In proceedings of 10th International Scientific Conference "New Challenges of Economic and Business Development – 2018: Productivity and Economic Growth" (pp. 358 - 366). May 10 - 12, 2018, Riga, University of Latvia.
- Kraleva, V., Ivanov, S., Maric, R. (2020). Zones of activism and sustainable consumption - Insights from Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 10(24), 66-78.
- Lee, A. H. I., Chen, H. H., & Chen, S. (2015). Suitable organization forms for knowledge management to attain sustainable competitive advantage in the renewable energy industry. Energy, 89, 1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.047
- Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 34, 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.03.007
- Liu, K. K. (2013). Happiness and Tourism. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(15), 67–70. Retrieved from www.ijbssnet.com
- Lohmann, M., & De Bloom, J. (2015). Happiness in a tourism context. International Conference on Gross National Happiness on GNH. Retrieved from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/2015GNHConference/Paperfor2015GNHConference/12.Happiness Tourism GNH conference paper 2015 05.pdf
- Lukina V., Zhechev V., & Niyazieva. S. (2020). New Challenges and Prospects for Marketers in Companies. In A. V. L. I. Skorobogatykh (Ed.), Materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific -Practical conference “Plekhanov forum of teachers.” "The joint creation of value in the university in the digital age: the development of subject areas: the role of teachers and students", 12 December 2019 (pp. 169–172). Moscow: FSBEI HE "REU named after G. V. Plekhanov” 2020. Collection of the 8th Plekhanov forum of teachers, 2020.
- Malindretos, G. (2013). Know - How and Sustainability. Innovation and Sustainability in Maritime Transport: Green Shipping, (May 2013).
- Marcon, A., de Medeiros, J. F.., & Ribeiro, J. L. D., (2016). Innovation and environmentally sustainable economy: Identifying the best practices developed by multinationals in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 160, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.101
- Martin, D., & Schouten, J. (2012). Marketing in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall.
- McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013). The happiness factor in tourism: Subjective well-being and social tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 41, 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001
- Mendlewicz, D. (2019). Employee Happiness Leads to Business Success - Management Coaching from Employee Feedback Butterfly AI. Retrieved August 07, 2019, from https://www.butterfly.ai/employee-happiness-leads-to-business-success/
- Moscardo, G. (2008). Sustainable tourism innovation: Challenging basic assumptions. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(1), 4–13. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2008.7
- Mujtaba, B. G., Wayne, H., Cavico, F. J., & Senathip, T. (2016). Sustainable Operational Management for Effective Leadership and Efficiency in the Modern Global Workplace. International Journal of Recent Advances in Organizational Behaviour and Decision Sciences (IJRAOB) An Online International Research Journal, 2(2), 2311–3197.
- Musikanski, L., Cloutier, S., Bejarano, E., Briggs, D., Colbert, J., Strasser, G., & Russell, S. (2017). Happiness Index Methodology. The journal of Social Change 9(1), 4–31. https://doi.org/10.5590/JOSC.2017.09.1.02
- NDP Steering Committee and Secretariat. (2013). Happiness: Towards a New Development Paradigm. Retrieved October 14, 2020 from http://www.penseesdemonrecif.org/images/inspirations/NDP_Report_Bhutan_2013.pdf
- Nezakati, H. & Hosseinpour, M. (2014). Green Tourism Practices in Malaysia. In H. Hamimah & H. Nezakati (Eds), Selected Issues in Hospitality and Tourism Sustainability (pp. 24-36). Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia Press.
- Nielson. (2018). Global Consumers Seek Companies That Care About Environmental Issues. Retrieved May 11, 2019, from Nielsen website: https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2018/global-consumers-seek-companies-that-care-about-environmental-issues.html
- Niyazieva, S. (2020). Happiness – wind of change for shipping companies, a new way to measure their performance. Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies - Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean, IMAM 2019, 488–495. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367810085-65
- Nokelainen, M. (2015). The elements of happy organizational culture. Retrieved January15, 2020, from https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/109071/Theelementsofhappyorganizationalculture.pdf?sequence=1
- Olesen, S. F., & Wiking, M. (2017). Job Satisfaction INDEX 2017. Retrieved October 14, 2020 from https://6e3636b7-ad2f-4292-b910-faa23b9c20aa.filesusr.com/ugd/928487_f752364b0a43488c8c767532c0de4926.pdf
- Oliveira, E. (2018). The Importance of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Development of Sustainable Tourism. In: D. Crowther, S. Seifi, & T. Wond (Eds), Responsibility and Governance. Approaches to Global Sustainability, Markets, and Governance. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1047-8_8
- Oswald, A. J., Proto, E., & Sgroi, D. (2014). Happiness and Productivity. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://the-happiness-index.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Warwick-Study-into-Happiness-vs.-Productivity-2014.pdf
- Pai, A., & Krishnan, V. R. (2015). Can Transformational Leadership Increase the Happiness Index in Organisations Through Empowerment? Journal of Organisation & Human Behaviour, 4(2/3), 22–28. https://doi.org/10.21863/johb/2015.4.2and3.009
- Pan, S.-Y., Gao, M., Kim, H., Shah, K. J., Pei, S.-L., & Chiang, P.-C. (2018). Advances and challenges in sustainable tourism toward a green economy. Science of the Total Environment, 635, 452–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.134
- Panwar, N., & Singh Rautela, K. (2019). Mapping Sustainable Tourism into Emergency Management Structure to Enhance Humanitarian Networks and Disaster Risk Reduction Using Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Initiatives in Himalayan States: The Global Supply Chain Issues and Strategies Mapping Sus. In Emergency and Disaster Management: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1168–1190). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch054
- Petit, V. (2019) Solutions for a Sustainable Transition. In: The New World of Utilities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00187-2_5
- Prasad, J. S. D. (2017). WORKFORCE DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON WORK CULTURE OF INDIAN ORGANISATIONS. The Journal of Commerce, 4(1), 33–44.
- Pratt, S., McCabe, S., & Movono, A. (2016). Gross happiness of a “tourism” village in Fiji. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 5(1), 26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.11.001
- Precup, R. E., & Hellendoorn, H. (2011). A survey on industrial applications of fuzzy control. Computers in Industry, 62, 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2010.10.001
- Pulido-Fernández, J. I., Andrades-Caldito, L., & Sánchez-Rivero, M. (2015). Is sustainable tourism an obstacle to the economic performance of the tourism industry? Evidence from an international empirical study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.909447
- Pulido-Fernández, J. I., & López-Sánchez, Y. (2016). Are tourists really willing to pay more for sustainable destinations? Sustainability, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121240
- Ram, Y., Nawijn, J., & Peeters, P. M. (2013). Happiness and limits to sustainable tourism mobility: A new conceptual model. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.826233
- Ramgulam, N., Raghunandan-mohammed, K., & Raghunandan, M. (2013). Environmental sustainability in the 21st century: An assessment of Trinidad’s business tourism market. Review of Business and Finance Studies, 4(1), 51–62
- Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., & Cunha, M. P. (2010). Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and happiness as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0197-7
- Reineman, D. R., & Ardoin, N. M. (2018). Sustainable tourism and the management of nearshore coastal places: place attachment and disruption to surf-spots. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(2), 325–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2017.1352590
- Říha, D., Heinze, T., & Stros, M. (2017). Intercultural variations in personal sales factors in the Czech and U.S. automotive markets: Practical implications for marketing. Central European Business Review, 6(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.18267/J.CEBR.171
- Rivera, M., Croes, R., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Tourism development and happiness: A residents’ perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.04.002
- Rosengren, A. (2018). Gross National Happiness in Business: Theories and Methods for Cultivating GNH in Swedish Work-life. In D. Karma and S. Chohel (Eds.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Gross National Happiness (pp. 76–100). Retrieved from http://gnhsweden.com/gnh-in-business/
- Roshina, I., & Artyukhova, N. (2016). Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development, Happiness and Well-being of Single Industry Towns’ Population. TWELLSO 2016 - III International Scientific Symposium on Lifelong Wellbeing in the World Social, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.01.6
- Ruhanen, L., Weiler, B., Moyle, B. D., & McLennan, C. lee J. (2015). Trends and patterns in sustainable tourism research: a 25-year bibliometric analysis. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(4), 517–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.978790
- Şahin, Ö. (2018). Happiness Management in Micro, Small and Medium Sized Food and Beverage Enterprises (SMFBEs): Menteşe/Muğla Case. Journal of Business Research - Turk, 10(4), 843–867. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.552
- Santos, E. (2020). Promoting firms’ sustainability in tourism planning through employment. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 171, 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2024-2_31
- Schinzel, U. (2013). Why are people in Luxembourg happy? An exploratory study of happiness and culture measured by the dimension of a language as identifier in the Grand Duchy. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 12(4), 315–340. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539213X13875568505822
- Schroeder, K. (2015). Cultural values and sustainable tourism governance in Bhutan. Sustainability, 7(12), 16616–16630. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71215837
- Schulte, P. A., Guerin, R. J., Schill, A. L., Bhattacharya, A., Cunningham, T. R., Pandalai, S. P., … Stephenson, C. M. (2015). Considerations for incorporating “well-being” in public policy for workers and workplaces. American Journal of Public Health. 105(8), 31-44 https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302616
- Scott, D. (2011). Why sustainable tourism must address climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(1), 17-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.539694
- Séraphin, H., Platania, M., Spencer, P., Modica, G., Séraphin, H., Platania, M., … Modica, G. (2018). Events and Tourism Development within a Local Community: The Case of Winchester (UK). Sustainability, 10(10), 3728. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103728
- Sezerel, H., & Kaymaz, C. (2019). Is Sustainable Tourism a Leverage FOR Economic Development? A critical review. In B. Christiansen, I. Sysoeva, A. Udovikina, & A. Ketova (Eds.), Emerging Economic Models for Global Sustainability and Social Development (pp. 46–64). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5787-6.ch003
- Sgroi, D., Hills, T., O’Donnell, G., Oswald, A., & Proto, E. (2017). Understanding happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. In Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy. Retrieved February 01, 2020, from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/centres/cage/publications/policyreports/policy-report-understanding-happiness/cage_report_understanding_happiness.pdf
- Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932–1946. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1779732
- Sims, R. (2009). Food, place and authenticity: local food and the sustainable tourism experience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802359293
- Singh, S., & Aggarwal, Y. (2018). Happiness at Work Scale: Construction and Psychometric Validation of a Measure Using Mixed Method Approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1439–1463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9882-x
- Sousa, J. M., & Porto, J. B., (2015). Happiness at Work: Organizational Values and Person-Organization Fit Impact. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 25(61), 211–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272561201509
- Southworth, G. (2013). Understanding Human Happiness, Its Measure and a New Leadership Role. Integral Leadership Review, 13(3), 67–86. Retrieved October 1, 2019, from http://integralleadershipreview.com/9072-understanding-human-happiness-its-measure-and-a-new-leadership-role/
- Stiglitz, J. (2019). It’s time to retire metrics like GDP. They don’t measure everything that matters. The Guardian. Retrieved June14, 2020, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/24/metrics-gdp-economic-performance-social-progress
- Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.-P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258260767_Report_of_the_Commission_on_the_Measurement_of_Economic_Performance_and_Social_Progress_CMEPSP
- Sulakhe, P. A., & Bakre, P. P. (2019). Investigating factors and their impact which affect the happiness index of an entrepreneur. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1). 353-356
- Sweeney, J. R. (2020). The Cost and Benefits of Measuring Sustainability. Faculty and Staff Works. 1. https://kb.gcsu.edu/fac-staff/1
- The World Counts. (2019). Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism - The World Counts. Retrieved September 3, 2020, from https://www.theworldcounts.com/challenges/consumption/transport-and-tourism/negative-environmental-impacts-of-tourism/story
- Tideman, S. G. (2016). Gross National Happiness: lessons for sustainability leadership. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 5(2), 190–213. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJGBR-12-2014-0096
- Tien, N. H., Anh, D. B. H., & Ngoc, N. M. (2020). Corporate financial performance due to sustainable development in Vietnam. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 694–705. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1836
- UN, G. A. (n.d.). The UN and happiness. Retrieved May 13, 2018, from https://www.unric.org/en/happiness/27709-the-un-and-happiness
- UN General Assembly. (2012). Resolution 66/281 [International Day of Happiness]. Retrieved August 20, 2019, from https://happinessday.org/resolutions/
- Union for the Mediterranean (n.d). Blue Economy in The Mediterranean. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://ufmsecretariat.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/UfMS_Blue-Economy_Report.pdf
- United Nations (2012). Happiness: towards a holistic approach to development Draft note. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/715187
- UNWTO (2017). Measuring Sustainable Tourism: A Call for Action – Report of the 6th International Conference on Tourism Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 21 – 23 June 2017. In Measuring Sustainable Tourism: A Call for Action – Report of the 6th International Conference on Tourism Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 21 – 23 June 2017. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284418954
- UNWTO (2018). Statistical Framework for Measuring the Sustainability of Tourism. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://www.unwto.org/standards/statistical-framework-for-measuring-the-sustainability-of-tourism
- Ura, K., Alkire, S., & Zangmo, T. (2012). GNH and GNH Index. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, (May), 1–60. Retrieved February 14, 2020, from http://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/Ura-et-al-Bhutan-Happiness-Chapter.pdf
- Verma, R. (2017). Gross National Happiness: meaning, measure and degrowth in a living development alternative. Special Section of the Journal of Political Ecology Verma Gross National Happiness Journal of Political Ecology, 24(24), 425–666. Retrieved October 16, 2020, from http://jpe.library.arizona.edu/volume_24/Verma.pdf
- Vikash, V. (2019). Human Development Index and Gross National Happiness Indices: A Conceptual Study. Advances in Management 12. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://worldresearchersassociations.com/mngmntspecialissue/10.pdf
- Weaver, D. B. (2012). Opinion Piece Organic, incremental and induced paths to sustainable mass tourism convergence. Tourism Management, 33, 1030–1037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.011
- Wu, K.-J., Zhu, Y., Chen, Q., & Tseng, M.-L. (2019). Building Sustainable Tourism Hierarchical Framework: Coordinated Triple Bottom Line Approach in Linguistic Preferences. Journal of Cleaner Production. 229, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.212
- Zangmo, T., Wangdi, K., & Phuntsho, J. (2017). Proposed GNH of Business Bhutan: Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH. Retrieved February 20, 2020 from http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/GNH-of-Business-.pdf
- Zhechev, V. S., & Zhecheva, D. P. (2019). Ethical Branding: A Corporate Commitment or Compliance with Contemporary Trends. Annals of Marketing-Mba, Department of Marketing, Marketing MBA (RSconsult), 4(December), 72–90. Retrieved from https://www.marketing-mba.ru/article/v4_19/Zhechev.pdf
- Zhong, R. (2015, December 17). In Bhutan, Gross National Happiness Trumps Gross National Product. Wall Street Journal (Online), 1.
- Zolfani, S. H., Sedaghat, M., Maknoon, R., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). Sustainable tourism: A comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 28(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2014.995895