A Model Proposal for Sustainable Career Management in Hospitality: Grounded Theory Perspective
Year 2024,
Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 421 - 448, 03.12.2024
Volkan Aşkun
,
Rabia Çizel
Abstract
As throughout the post-pandemic world, hospitality facilities in Antalya, the destination of mass tourism in Türkiye, are struggling with the problem of labor shortage. Sustainable Career Management (SCM) efforts to recruit and retain competent and qualified young people are increasing in order to reduce the labor shortage. In this context, based on the grounded theory methodology, the study provides a holistic model of how SCM should be managed with the views of experienced managers in the hospitality sector.
Thanks
We sincerely thank emeritus professor David L. Morgan, who made a great contribution to the literature in qualitative research, for his support and guidance in establishing the grounded theory in our study. This study was developed from Aşkun's PhD dissertation, "A model proposal for sustainable career from a complex adaptive system perspective" under the supervision of Çizel.
References
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- Barron, P. (2008). Education and talent management: Implications for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 730–742.
- Baum, T. (2019). Does the hospitality industry need or deserve talent? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(10), 3823–3837.
- Baum, T., Mooney, S. K. K., Robinson, R. N. S., & Solnet, D. (2020). COVID-19’s impact on the hospitality workforce – new crisis or amplification of the norm? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(9), 2813–2829.
- Betz, N. E., & Voyten, K. K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 179–189.
- Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä, K., Smale, A., & Sumelius, J. (2013). Talent or not? Employee reactions to talent identification. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 195–214.
- Blokker, R., Akkermans, J., Tims, M., Jansen, P., & Khapova, S. (2019). Building a sustainable start: The role of career competencies, career success, and career shocks in young professionals’ employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 172–184.
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- Charmaz, K. (2020). With constructivist grounded theory you can’t hide: Social justice research and critical inquiry in the public sphere. Qualitative Inquiry, 26(2), 165–176.
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- Chen, T., Shen, C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 22, 88–99.
- Chudzikowski, K., Gustafsson, S., & Tams, S. (2020). Constructing alignment for sustainable careers: Insights from the career narratives of management consultants. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103312.
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- De Vos, A., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Akkermans, J. (2020). Sustainable careers: Towards a conceptual model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103196.
- Deery, M. (2008). Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 792–806.
- Erkuş, H., & Terhorst, P. (2023). Imagined futures of post-Covid-19 tourism in Antalya. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 11(1), 171–190.
- Günbayı, I., & Aşkun, V. (2023). Grounded teori ya da temellendirilmiş kuram, gömülü teori, kuram oluşturma vs. Kullanımı adına yol haritası. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 1671–1697.
- Günbayı, I., & Sorm, S. (2020). Social Paradigms in Guiding Management Social Development and Social Research. Pegem Academy.
- Heslin, P. A., Keating, L. A., & Ashford, S. J. (2020). How being in learning mode may enable a sustainable career across the lifespan. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103324.
- Hirschi, A., Steiner, R., Burmeister, A., & Johnston, C. S. (2020). A whole-life perspective of sustainable careers: The nature and consequences of nonwork orientations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103319.
- Hite, L. M., & McDonald, K. S. (2020). Careers after COVID-19: Challenges and changes. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 1–11.
- Hume, D. (2020). İnsanın Anlama Yetisi Üzerine Bir Soruşturma (Çev. F. B. Aydar, Ed.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
- Hussain, S., Li, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Influence of platform characteristics on purchase intention in social commerce: Mechanism of psychological contracts. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(1), 1–17.
- ILO. (2020). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020: Technology and the Future of Jobs. International Labour Office.
- Jabeen, Q., Nadeem, M. S., Raziq, M. M., & Sajjad, A. (2021). Linking individuals’ resources with (perceived) sustainable employability: Perspectives from conservation of resources and social information processing theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(2), 233-254.
- Jafari, J., & McCabe, S. (2024). Emergence: Annals and the evolving research and publishing landscape in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 104, 103720.
- Kerse, G., & Babadağ, M. (2018). I’m out if nepotism is in: The relationship between nepotism, job standardization and turnover intention. Ege Academic Review, 18(4), 631–644.
- Khilji, S. E., Tarique, I., & Schuler, R. S. (2015). Incorporating the macro view in global talent management. Human Resource Management Review, 25(3), 236–248.
- King, C., Madera, J. M., Lee, L., Murillo, E., Baum, T., & Solnet, D. (2021). Reimagining attraction and retention of hospitality management talent– A multilevel identity perspective. Journal of Business Research, 136, 251–262.
- Kirk, S. (2021). Sticks and stones: The naming of global talent. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 203–220.
- Kossek, E. E., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2020). Desperately seeking sustainable careers: Redesigning professional jobs for the collaborative crafting of reduced-load work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103315.
- Kravariti, F., & Johnston, K. (2020). Talent management: A critical literature review and research agenda for public sector human resource management. Public Management Review, 22(1), 75–95.
- Kravariti, F., Voutsina, K., Tasoulis, K., Dibia, C., & Johnston, K. (2022). Talent management in hospitality and tourism: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(1), 321–360.
- KTB (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism). (2023). Turizm İstatistikleri. Retrieved August 20, 2023, from https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html
- Minkov, M., & Hofstede, G. (2013). Cross-Cultural Analysis: The Science and Art of Comparing the World’s Modern Societies and Their Cultures. SAGE Publications.
- Morrell, K., Loan-Clarke, J., & Wilkinson, A. (2004). The role of shocks in employee turnover. British Journal of Management, 15(4), 335–349.
- Morse, J. M., Bowers, B. J., Charmaz, K., Clarke, A. E., Corbin, J., Porr, C. J., & Stern, P. N. (2021). Developing Grounded Theory: The Second Generation Revisited. Routledge.
- Özgül, E. K., & Aykaç, E. (2021). The effect of talent management applications on job satisfaction in five star hotels: Belek case study. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 5(2), 1150–1166.
- Pak, K., Kooij, D., De Lange, A. H., Meyers, M. C., & van Veldhoven, M. (2020). Unravelling the process between career shock and career (un)sustainability: Exploring the role of perceived human resource management. Career Development International, 26(4), 514–539.
- Raybould, M., & Wilkins, H. (2005). Over qualified and under experienced: Turning graduates into hospitality managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(3), 203–216.
- Rovelli, C. (2020). Miletli Anaksimandros ya da Bilimsel Düşüncenin Doğuşu (Çev. A. Altınörs, Ed.). Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
- Saldaña, J. (2016). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. SAGE.
- Schwab, K., & Zahidi, S. (2020). Global Competitiveness Report: Special Edition 2020. World Economic Form.
- Shirmohammadi, M., Hedayati Mehdiabadi, A., Beigi, M., & McLean, G. N. (2021). Mapping human resource development: Visualizing the past, bridging the gaps, and moving toward the future. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(2), 197–224.
- Shuck, B., Twyford, D., Reio, T. G., & Shuck, A. (2014). Human resource development practices and employee engagement: Examining the connection with employee turnover intentions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), 239–270.
- Straub, C., Vinkenburg, C. J., & van Kleef, M. (2020). Career customization: Putting an organizational practice to facilitate sustainable careers to the test. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103320.
- Sturges, J., & Guest, D. (2004). Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(4), 5–20.
- Tarique, I. (2021). Contemporary Talent Management: A Research Companion. Routledge.
- Taylor, S. (2022). Resourcing and Talent Management: The theory and practice of recruiting and developing a workforce. Kogan Page.
- Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & De Vos, A. (2015). Sustainable careers: Introductory chapter. In Handbook of Research on Sustainable Careers (pp. 1–19). Edward Elgar.
- Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., Brouwer, S., & van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable employability – definition, conceptualization, and implications: A perspective based on the capability approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42(1), 71–79.
- WEF. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022a). Global Gender Gap Report: Insight Report. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022b). The Global Risks Report 2022: 17th Edition. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022c). Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021: Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future. World Economic Forum.
Year 2024,
Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 421 - 448, 03.12.2024
Volkan Aşkun
,
Rabia Çizel
References
- Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2020). Dar Koridor: Devletler, Toplumlar ve Özgürlüğün Geleceği. Doğan Kitap.
- Aguinis, H., & Burgi-Tian, J. (2021). Talent management challenges during COVID-19 and beyond: Performance management to the rescue. Business Research Quarterly, 24(3), 233–240.
- Akkermans, J., Seibert, S. E., & Mol, S. T. (2018). Tales of the unexpected: Integrating career shocks in the contemporary careers literature. Journal of Industrial Psychology, 44(2018), a1503. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v44i0.1503
- Altınöz, M., & Çakıroğlu, D. (2022). The effect of talent management on employee empowerment. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 6(1), 106–120.
- Aşkun, V., & Çizel, R. (2020). Twenty years of research on mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Studies, 1(1), 26–40.
- Aşkun, V., Çizel, R., & Çizel, B. (2021). Complex Relationship of Countries’ Innovation Level with Social Capital, Economic Value Perception and Political Culture: fsQCA. Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 16(2), 317–340.
- Bagheri, M., Baum, T., Ebrahimi, A., & Abbasi, A. (2020). Management in the tourism and hospitality industry: Evidence from Iran. Anatolia, 31(1), 88–98.
- Barron, P. (2008). Education and talent management: Implications for the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 730–742.
- Baum, T. (2019). Does the hospitality industry need or deserve talent? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(10), 3823–3837.
- Baum, T., Mooney, S. K. K., Robinson, R. N. S., & Solnet, D. (2020). COVID-19’s impact on the hospitality workforce – new crisis or amplification of the norm? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(9), 2813–2829.
- Betz, N. E., & Voyten, K. K. (1997). Efficacy and outcome expectations influence career exploration and decidedness. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(2), 179–189.
- Björkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mäkelä, K., Smale, A., & Sumelius, J. (2013). Talent or not? Employee reactions to talent identification. Human Resource Management, 52(2), 195–214.
- Blokker, R., Akkermans, J., Tims, M., Jansen, P., & Khapova, S. (2019). Building a sustainable start: The role of career competencies, career success, and career shocks in young professionals’ employability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 172–184.
- Bozionelos, N., Lin, C. H., & Lee, K. Y. (2020). Enhancing the sustainability of employees’ careers through training: The roles of career actors’ openness and of supervisor support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117(103333), 1–16.
- Bryant, A., & Charmaz, K. (2019). The SAGE Handbook of Current Developments in Grounded Theory. SAGE.
- Brzykcy, A. Z., Boehm, S. A., & Baldridge, D. C. (2019). Fostering sustainable careers across the lifespan: The role of disability, idiosyncratic deals and perceived work ability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 112, 185–198.
- Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing Grounded Theory. SAGE.
- Charmaz, K. (2020). With constructivist grounded theory you can’t hide: Social justice research and critical inquiry in the public sphere. Qualitative Inquiry, 26(2), 165–176.
- Charmaz, K., & Thornberg, R. (2021). The pursuit of quality in grounded theory. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 305–327.
- Chen, T., Shen, C., & Gosling, M. (2018). Does employability increase with internship satisfaction? Enhanced employability and internship satisfaction in a hospitality program. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 22, 88–99.
- Chudzikowski, K., Gustafsson, S., & Tams, S. (2020). Constructing alignment for sustainable careers: Insights from the career narratives of management consultants. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103312.
- Çi̇zel, R., Aşkun, V., Durmaz, Ş., Yağmur, A., & Gürsoy, S. (2023). Ne eğitimde ne istihdamda (NEET) olma ile ilişkili faktörlerin OECD bağlantılı ülkelerde karşılaştırmalı analizi: Bulanık küme nitel karşılaştırmalı analiz (fsqca). Sosyoekonomi, 31(57), 437–475.
- Colakoglu, S., Lepak, D. P., & Hong, Y. (2006). Measuring HRM effectiveness: Considering multiple stakeholders in a global context. Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), 209–218.
- Collings, D. G., & Mellahi, K. (2009). Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda. Human Resource Management Review, 19(4), 304–313.
- De Prins, P., De Vos, A., Van Beirendonck, L., & Segers, J. (2015). Sustainable HRM for sustainable careers: Introducing the ‘Respect Openness Continuity (ROC)’ model. In A. De Vos & B. I. J. M. Van der Heijden (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Careers (pp. 319–334). Edward Elgar.
- De Vos, A., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & Akkermans, J. (2020). Sustainable careers: Towards a conceptual model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103196.
- Deery, M. (2008). Talent management, work-life balance and retention strategies. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20(7), 792–806.
- Erkuş, H., & Terhorst, P. (2023). Imagined futures of post-Covid-19 tourism in Antalya. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 11(1), 171–190.
- Günbayı, I., & Aşkun, V. (2023). Grounded teori ya da temellendirilmiş kuram, gömülü teori, kuram oluşturma vs. Kullanımı adına yol haritası. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 1671–1697.
- Günbayı, I., & Sorm, S. (2020). Social Paradigms in Guiding Management Social Development and Social Research. Pegem Academy.
- Heslin, P. A., Keating, L. A., & Ashford, S. J. (2020). How being in learning mode may enable a sustainable career across the lifespan. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103324.
- Hirschi, A., Steiner, R., Burmeister, A., & Johnston, C. S. (2020). A whole-life perspective of sustainable careers: The nature and consequences of nonwork orientations. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103319.
- Hite, L. M., & McDonald, K. S. (2020). Careers after COVID-19: Challenges and changes. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 1–11.
- Hume, D. (2020). İnsanın Anlama Yetisi Üzerine Bir Soruşturma (Çev. F. B. Aydar, Ed.). Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
- Hussain, S., Li, Y., & Li, W. (2020). Influence of platform characteristics on purchase intention in social commerce: Mechanism of psychological contracts. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(1), 1–17.
- ILO. (2020). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2020: Technology and the Future of Jobs. International Labour Office.
- Jabeen, Q., Nadeem, M. S., Raziq, M. M., & Sajjad, A. (2021). Linking individuals’ resources with (perceived) sustainable employability: Perspectives from conservation of resources and social information processing theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(2), 233-254.
- Jafari, J., & McCabe, S. (2024). Emergence: Annals and the evolving research and publishing landscape in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 104, 103720.
- Kerse, G., & Babadağ, M. (2018). I’m out if nepotism is in: The relationship between nepotism, job standardization and turnover intention. Ege Academic Review, 18(4), 631–644.
- Khilji, S. E., Tarique, I., & Schuler, R. S. (2015). Incorporating the macro view in global talent management. Human Resource Management Review, 25(3), 236–248.
- King, C., Madera, J. M., Lee, L., Murillo, E., Baum, T., & Solnet, D. (2021). Reimagining attraction and retention of hospitality management talent– A multilevel identity perspective. Journal of Business Research, 136, 251–262.
- Kirk, S. (2021). Sticks and stones: The naming of global talent. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 203–220.
- Kossek, E. E., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2020). Desperately seeking sustainable careers: Redesigning professional jobs for the collaborative crafting of reduced-load work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103315.
- Kravariti, F., & Johnston, K. (2020). Talent management: A critical literature review and research agenda for public sector human resource management. Public Management Review, 22(1), 75–95.
- Kravariti, F., Voutsina, K., Tasoulis, K., Dibia, C., & Johnston, K. (2022). Talent management in hospitality and tourism: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(1), 321–360.
- KTB (Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism). (2023). Turizm İstatistikleri. Retrieved August 20, 2023, from https://yigm.ktb.gov.tr/TR-9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html
- Minkov, M., & Hofstede, G. (2013). Cross-Cultural Analysis: The Science and Art of Comparing the World’s Modern Societies and Their Cultures. SAGE Publications.
- Morrell, K., Loan-Clarke, J., & Wilkinson, A. (2004). The role of shocks in employee turnover. British Journal of Management, 15(4), 335–349.
- Morse, J. M., Bowers, B. J., Charmaz, K., Clarke, A. E., Corbin, J., Porr, C. J., & Stern, P. N. (2021). Developing Grounded Theory: The Second Generation Revisited. Routledge.
- Özgül, E. K., & Aykaç, E. (2021). The effect of talent management applications on job satisfaction in five star hotels: Belek case study. Journal of Turkish Tourism Research, 5(2), 1150–1166.
- Pak, K., Kooij, D., De Lange, A. H., Meyers, M. C., & van Veldhoven, M. (2020). Unravelling the process between career shock and career (un)sustainability: Exploring the role of perceived human resource management. Career Development International, 26(4), 514–539.
- Raybould, M., & Wilkins, H. (2005). Over qualified and under experienced: Turning graduates into hospitality managers. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 17(3), 203–216.
- Rovelli, C. (2020). Miletli Anaksimandros ya da Bilimsel Düşüncenin Doğuşu (Çev. A. Altınörs, Ed.). Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
- Saldaña, J. (2016). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. SAGE.
- Schwab, K., & Zahidi, S. (2020). Global Competitiveness Report: Special Edition 2020. World Economic Form.
- Shirmohammadi, M., Hedayati Mehdiabadi, A., Beigi, M., & McLean, G. N. (2021). Mapping human resource development: Visualizing the past, bridging the gaps, and moving toward the future. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 32(2), 197–224.
- Shuck, B., Twyford, D., Reio, T. G., & Shuck, A. (2014). Human resource development practices and employee engagement: Examining the connection with employee turnover intentions. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 25(2), 239–270.
- Straub, C., Vinkenburg, C. J., & van Kleef, M. (2020). Career customization: Putting an organizational practice to facilitate sustainable careers to the test. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 117, 103320.
- Sturges, J., & Guest, D. (2004). Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(4), 5–20.
- Tarique, I. (2021). Contemporary Talent Management: A Research Companion. Routledge.
- Taylor, S. (2022). Resourcing and Talent Management: The theory and practice of recruiting and developing a workforce. Kogan Page.
- Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., & De Vos, A. (2015). Sustainable careers: Introductory chapter. In Handbook of Research on Sustainable Careers (pp. 1–19). Edward Elgar.
- Van der Klink, J. J., Bültmann, U., Burdorf, A., Schaufeli, W. B., Zijlstra, F. R., Abma, F. I., Brouwer, S., & van der Wilt, G. J. (2016). Sustainable employability – definition, conceptualization, and implications: A perspective based on the capability approach. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42(1), 71–79.
- WEF. (2020). The Future of Jobs Report 2020. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022a). Global Gender Gap Report: Insight Report. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022b). The Global Risks Report 2022: 17th Edition. World Economic Forum.
- WEF. (2022c). Travel & Tourism Development Index 2021: Rebuilding for a Sustainable and Resilient Future. World Economic Forum.