Dissosiyatif Bozukluklarda Kendine Zarar Verme Davranışları ve İntihar Eğilimleri: Travma Perspektifinden Psikoterapötik Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 9 - 31, 01.06.2021

Erdinç Öztürk , Görkem Derin

Öz

Erken yaşta başlayan kronik çocukluk çağı travmaları ve disfonksiyonel aile dinamiklerinin etkisiyle gelişen dissosiyatif bozukluklar; intihar girişimleri, kendine zarar verme davranışları, bilinç kesintileri, amneziler, konsantrasyon güçlükleri, öfke patlamaları ve kimlikte belirsizlik hisleriyle karakterize olan temel psikiyatrik tanı gruplarından biridir. Bu tanı grubu, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, somatoform bozukluklar ve sınırda kişilik bozukluğu başta olmak üzere birçok ruhsal bozukluk ile birlikte eştanı almaktadır. Alanyazındaki araştırmalarda dissosiyatif bozukluk vakalarında kendine zarar verme başlangıç yaş aralığı 5-14 olarak bildirilmiş olup, bu davranışların sık görüldüğü yaş aralığı ise 10-15 olarak belirtilmiştir. Bu araştırmalarda intihar girişimi ortalaması ise 10 olarak belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı çalışmalarda dissosiyatif bozukluk vakalarının yaklaşık olarak %87’sinin kendine zarar verme davranışı gösterdiği, %78’sinin intihar girişiminde bulunduğu ve %1-2’sinin ise intihar girişimlerinin tamamlanmış intiharla sonuçlandığı vurgulanmaktadır. Dissosiyatif kimlik bozukluğu vakaları ile yapılan güncel çalışmalar, bu vakaların %92’sinin geçmiş ya da güncel intihar düşüncesine sahip olduğunu, %60-80’inin intihar girişiminde bulunduğunu ve %87’sinin ise intihar dışında kendine zarar verme davranışı gösterdiğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Dissosiyatif bozukluklar, bu alanda uzmanlaşmış klinik psikologlar ve psikiyatristler tarafından travma merkezli psikoterapiler uygulanarak tedavi edilebilmekte ve klinik açıdan bu başarılı tedaviler ile kendine zarar verme davranışları ve intihar eğilimleri de ortadan kalkabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dissosiyasyon; dissosiyatif bozukluklar; psikoterapi; travma; psikotravmatoloji; kendine zarar verme davranışları; çocukluk çağı travmaları; intihar eğilimi; intihar girişimi

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dissosiyasyon, dissosiyatif bozukluklar, psikoterapi, travma, psikotravmatoloji, kendine zarar verme davranışları, çocukluk çağı travmaları, intihar eğilimi, intihar girişimi

Kaynakça

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